Dioscorea opposita, Rehmannia glutinosa, Chrysanthemum and Achyranthes bidentata have been planted in Jiaozuo for nearly 3000 years. Because Jiaozuo was under the jurisdiction of Huaiqing government in ancient times, it was called? Four big huaiyao? .
People in Jiaozuo have a tradition of planting, processing and eating four kinds of Huai medicine, and through continuous production practice, this cultural tradition has lasted for thousands of years. According to experts' research, the four Huai medicines were domesticated from wild species in Taihang Mountain in northern Jiaozuo. In Laojunwa area of Shennong Mountain in Qinyang, natural names such as mountainside ditch, Dihuangpo, Achyranthes bidentata and Juhualing are still preserved. According to historical records, from 734 BC when Wei Huangong, a feudal warlord, presented Dioscorea opposita as a tribute to the Zhou royal family, until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the four major Huaiyao medicines were presented as tributes to successive dynasties.
Jiaozuo is located in the alluvial plain of Qin Huang, with unique natural conditions and a long history of planting and processing, which makes the four Huai medicines form a unique appearance and texture. For thousands of years, the four traditional Chinese medicines have been well-known at home and abroad for their unique efficacy and nourishing function, and have been highly praised by China ancient medical classics. Compendium of Materia Medica records:? Today, people only focus on Huaiqing Dihuang. ? Shennong's herbal classics also include: Huaiqing in Henan is the best yam. ? Song Dynasty's Illustrated Materia Medica contains: Achyranthes bidentata was born in Hanoi Valley? Today, Jianghuai, Fujian, Guangdong, Guanzhong and other places also have it, but it is not as real as Huaizhou. ? Su Song, a medical scientist in Song Dynasty, said: Chrysanthemums can be seen everywhere, especially underground. ? In the prescriptions of Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, there is a drug, Rehmannia glutinosa, which has 14 positions.
Shi Zai,No. Dang Ge Village (now Shuibeiguan Village, Chengguan, Qinyang)? Most cure? What is the yellow section of the backyard origin? Chrysanthemum heart? This medicine is real. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Huai Yao shops all over the country died? Authentic rehmannia root? Signs showing authenticity. Huaiyan yam is the best quality produced behind Dalangzhai Temple in Shanwangzhuang Town, Qinyang City, and the yam sold everywhere should be marked? Wylang? Those words were all named after the production of Dalang Village when the imperial court received the Huai medicine tribute. Lang Xianping? .
19 14, held in San Francisco, USA? World Trade Fair? In fact, the four major Chinese medicines were exhibited as national medicines, which were highly praised and praised by medical experts from all over the world. 1962, the state selected 44 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines from 1892 recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica. Medicine of national treasure? Four pocket medicine boxes are listed among them. In the list of authentic medicinal materials published by the state, the four Huai medicines rank first in Henan Province. From June, 5438 to February, 2006, at the recommended recipes and dishes exhibition of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games sponsored by China Food Cuisine Association, Jiaozuo's four famous huaiyao medicines were selected as recipes for the 2008 Olympic Games.
Traditional cultivation and processing of four Huai medicines
Since the Zhou Dynasty, with the production practice of traditional Chinese medicine farmers, the quality of the four Huai medicines has been continuously improved, the processing technology has been improved day by day, and the planting area and output have been increasing. By the end of Qing Dynasty, the planting area of Dioscorea opposita only reached 900 hectares, and the total output exceeded 6,543,800 kilograms. In those days, the grand occasion of Huaichuan people taking medicine was recorded in the form of poems by Huaiqing county magistrate Fan in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. Planting medicine is the cause of the villagers, and the medicine garden will also boast. The hedge of Chinese yam is high and the Achyranthes bidentata is luxuriant, and the rehmannia reflects the chrysanthemum across the bank. ?
The cultivation of Sihuai medicinal materials has strict requirements in breeding, land selection, soil preparation, seedling raising, fertilization and pest control. In 2004, the 360,000-word book Sihuai Medicine published by Zhongyuan Farmers Publishing House recorded this traditional planting technique in detail.
Interview with drug farmers: (Take Rehmannia glutinosa as an example, which can be divided into early Rehmannia glutinosa and late Rehmannia glutinosa. Early Rehmannia glutinosa was planted between Qingming and Grain Rain, and late Rehmannia glutinosa was planted around the awning. It should be planted in a combination land with good drainage conditions. Avoid repeated cropping and replant at least once every eight years. There are two planting methods: ridge planting and border planting. Field management, first, intertillage weeding, and second, reasonable watering, should be strictly followed in Xia Xia? Three watering and three not watering? The principle is not to water on cloudy days, in the morning and afternoon, before it rains, and after it rains. )
Interview with drug farmers: (Rehmannia glutinosa should be baked at any time after being harvested and planed. Fresh goods are baked with strong fire, and the appropriate temperature is 80℃. When the local yellow water evaporates and becomes soft, it can weaken the fire, and bake it with a small fire, and the appropriate temperature is 50℃. After drying to 70% dryness, pile it up for three to four days until it sweats, and then bake it with low fire. When it is 95% dryness, it is the finished product, which is called ground. To prepare Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, it is necessary to wash Radix Rehmanniae Preparata with water, take it out for several hours, mix a small amount of yellow wine, can or cage it, heat it with strong fire, steam it for several hours, take it out, mix it with Radix Rehmanniae Preparata paste, yellow wine and Fructus Amomi powder, and continue steaming it with fire. So what? Nine steaming and nine drying? Until the inside and outside are black and shiny, and the taste is slightly sweet and sour. )
The planting and processing of Dioscorea opposita, Rehmannia glutinosa, Achyranthes bidentata and Chrysanthemum morifolium all have strict technological requirements, which need to be dehydrated by fumigation and baking. Among them, Dioscorea opposita is repeatedly soaked, fumigated, dried and suffocated, and then processed into smooth yam with a washboard, also known as dried yam.
Due to the huge output of yam, every harvest season, there will be a busy scene of thousands of households rubbing yam and drying yam in the fields in Jiaozuo countryside, which can be called a scene of medicine town.
Four kinds of Huai medicine are dehydrated, which is convenient for storage, packaging and export. Jiaozuo countryside has been circulated in history? One garden and ten fields? Agricultural proverbs say that the planting and processing of Huai medicine has considerable benefits. At present, Wuzhi, wen county, Mengxian, Xiuwu, Qinyang and other places under the jurisdiction of Jiaozuo all produce four major Huai medicines, which directly bring economic benefits to hundreds of thousands of drug farmers. 1992, Professor Shang, Dean of Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, wrote:? The land is high and low, fertile and barren, the weather is cold and hot, and the effect of medicine varies with different endowments. Huaisi medicine is produced in the foothills of Taihang Mountain, Huaichuan in northern Henan and Zhongshan River. They are the essence of the sun and the moon and must be carefully processed. They have a long-standing reputation at home and abroad, and they are really a wonderful flower on the land of the Central Plains. ?
The inheritance and cultural customs of the four major Huai medicines
In the history of Jiaozuo, the cultural inheritance of the four major Huaiyao medicines has always been inseparable from a well-known town-state business gang organization, that is, Huai Bang, which is composed of Huaiqing drug dealers. In the six counties and cities under the jurisdiction of Jiaozuo, such as Wuzhi, wen county, Qinyang, etc., farmers and distributors who grow and process Huai medicine have been passed down from generation to generation, and they all have a very clear pedigree of inheritors.
(genealogy of Wuzhi inheritors)
(pedigree of Wenxian inheritors)
(qinyang inheritor pedigree)
(genealogy of heirs of fraternity)
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Li Ya, the ancestor of Liu Cun Li, led his four sons to emigrate from Hongdong, Shanxi, and moved to Bo 'ai Liu Cun. At first, they made a living by planting and selling fresh Huai medicine, and later they opened a shop and built a time-honored brand of Huai merchants with many branches? Shoe rope rings, products are exported to Tianjin, Jinan and other places. When Li Guoshun was in charge of the third generation, he saw that the price of fresh Huaiyao was far from the processed genuine products, so he sent shop assistants to study the processing technology of Huaiyao and set up his own processing workshop. Thanks to strict adherence to the ancient laws and exquisite craftsmanship, Xie Shengquan's Huai medicine has quickly gained a good reputation at home and abroad, with branches in Kaifeng, Wuhan, Hengyang, Guangzhou and Shanghai.
Li Yuguang, a descendant of Liu Cun's Lee: (When the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom blocked the route of southern medicine entering the north, the old Beijing brand Tongrentang once stopped production due to the shortage of raw materials and fell into a business dilemma. Upon hearing the news, Xiesheng urgently adjusted the inventory of medicinal materials in each branch, sold them on credit at low prices or even gave them away for free to help Tongrentang tide over the difficulties. After the revival of Tong Ren Tang, he became close friends with Xiesheng. What do you need? Four big huaiyao? All of them were provided by Xie Shengquan, and this relationship was maintained until the public-private partnership after liberation. )
According to historical records, as early as the end of the Ming Dynasty, the production and sales of Huai medicine in Huaiqing Prefecture had formed a scale, and drug dealers from eight counties in the prefecture flocked to Fucheng (that is, Qinyang) to set up pharmacies. By the middle of Qing Dynasty, there were more than 65,438+000 Chinese herbal medicine shops in Chengdu, and there were dozens of giants with branches in China, such as Du, Xie Shengquan and Baohetang. The twice-yearly medicinal materials conference of Wang Yao Temple in Qinyang attracted merchants from all over the world to trade, which was one of the top five medicinal materials conferences in China at that time (Wu 'an, Anguo, Zhangshu, Yuzhou and Huaiqing). Huaiqing drug capital? Become one of the four major drug capitals in China. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, Huaiqing drug dealers formed a huge? Huai Bang? Team, all over the country, as rich as an enemy, become a domestic? Thirteen drug gangs? Our leaders have successively built Huaiqing Guild Hall, Wang Yao Temple and opened pharmacies in Wuhan, Tianjin and Anguo. Huaiyao products are sold to Southeast Asia, Europe and America through ports such as Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tianjin. What about those who sell pregnancy drugs? Huai Bang? Then, fully integrate the expositions of medical experts in past dynasties and the records in Pharmacopoeia, and create a? Four big huaiyao? Brand, and with the help of the historical legend of Sun Simiao, the drug king, practicing medicine in Huaichuan, through building a large number of drug king temples to worship Sun Simiao and establishing a systematic and perfect Huai medicine culture, put forward? The doctor can't see that the drug king is bad, and the drug is disrespectful and ineffective. The creed of Huaiyao casts a mysterious aura on the cover of Huaiyao. In the local area, even in Taiwan Province Province and Southeast Asia influenced by Huaiyao culture, when a girl gets married, there is always a piece of dried yam tied with a red rope in the treasure chest.
Cultural Characteristics and Realistic Value of Four Huai Drugs
Ancient etheric behavior? Celestial pole? Take the Yellow River as an example? Ground pulse? The mountains are yang and the rivers are yin, which has made the ancient Taiji culture. Tai Ji Chuan is just a carrier of this culture, and there are four precious local specialties for nourishing yin and strengthening yang, not born in a homesick place? They are another carrier of this culture, and they have inherited the essence of nourishing the heart, nature and health in ancient China culture? .
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient discipline based on ancient philosophy and has a profound cultural accumulation. The first gathering of the Millennium? In Liuwei Dihuang Pills, the proportion of rehmannia glutinosa and yam reached 48%. Traditional Chinese medicine has always paid attention to authentic medicinal materials and followed ancient methods, so it can be said that without the four major Huai drugs, there would be no Liuwei Dihuang pills. The important position of the four Huai medicines in traditional Chinese medicine and their long-standing and unique regional cultural attributes make them fully capable of assuming the role of regional brands in Jiaozuo.
Endangerment and protection of four major Huai medicines
Li Chengjie, a retired cadre of Qinyang Civil Affairs Bureau, who is over 70 years old and has been engaged in the research of Huai medicine for many years, is worried when he mentions the status quo of the four Huai medicines.
Li Chengjie: (Qinyang, as the hometown of Huai medicine, has a small planting area, mixed varieties and serious degradation. Some farmers introduce seeds and seedlings from other places at will in order to increase the output of Huai medicine unilaterally and reduce the unit cost to enhance the price competitiveness, which distorts the original flavor of the four Huai medicines. )
Yue Shengli, president of Jiaozuo Huaiyao Industry Association: (Now, some drug farmers abuse rhizome swelling agents in pursuit of yield, which seriously affects the quality of Huaiyao. )
Liu Xiaochao, general manager of Jiaozuo Huaicaotang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.: (In recent years, illegal drug dealers in Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and other places have disrupted domestic and foreign markets by counterfeiting the four major Huai medicines with local products, especially in southern China? Huai medicine? Confused? Huaiyao? So that the real Sihuai medicine is in danger of being squeezed out of the market. )
As an excellent folk culture, today's four major Huai medicines have developed with the development of the times, but there are still many worrying problems, which greatly restrict the cultivation and development of the four major Huai medicines. The following situations deserve our attention:
Subtitle: 1. Traditional planting and processing technology is facing challenges, and some pregnant drugs are degraded.
2. The sales market is chaotic, and there are many fake and shoddy products, which harms the reputation of famous brands.
3. Brand promotion is not enough, and the cultural customs related to pregnancy drugs have not been guided and protected.
In view of the endangered situation, relevant departments of Jiaozuo City are studying a series of protective measures, mainly including the following contents:
Subtitle: 1. Protect the inheritors of planting and processing technology of Huai medicine, and inherit and develop the planting and processing production technology of Huai medicine. Establish the archives of Huaiyao inheritors, provide financial subsidies to the inheritors, record and sort out their traditional skills, and expand the inheritance system.
2. Study and protect Huai medicine culture. It is necessary to strengthen the study of Huaiyao culture, protect the local Huaiyao Chamber of Commerce, sort out Huaiyao cultural materials, and form a systematic inheritance system of Huaiyao culture.
3. Establish four Huaiyao museums to form a complete display system of four Huaiyao products and Huaiyao culture.
In recent years, Jiaozuo Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government proposed? Take four kinds of Huai medicine, practice Tai Chi Kung Fu, and visit Jiaozuo landscape? Focusing on the goal of building a famous cultural tourism city, we have invested 654.38+0.2 billion yuan to build a tourism strategy through measures such as rebuilding Huaiqing Guild Hall, Huai Bang Theatre, and operating antique facades? Huaiqing drug capital? Hit it? Huaiyao Culture Street? . At the same time? Huaiqing drug capital? In the same county? Four big huaiyao? The planting base is connected with cultural elements such as the ancient houses in Huaishang, the ruins of Wang Yao Temple, the traditional processing technology of Huaiyao, and the transportation of Huaiyao in the ancient canal. Four big huaiyao? Historical, cultural and eco-tourism routes.
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