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What health preserving theories were there in Ming and Qing Dynasties?
Ming and Qing Dynasties were the later period of feudal society in China. In this historical stage of more than five centuries, China's health care technology has made remarkable achievements, and famous health care scientists such as Zhang Jiebin, Gao Lian and Cao Tingdong have appeared, and published health care monographs such as Shoushiqing, Four Essentials of Health Care, Essentials of Aging, Eight Notes on Respecting Life, Shouyang Series, and Lao Lao Heng Yan. At the same time, some health preserving methods, such as fitness and rejuvenation, are put forward.

① Completeness of health preserving methods for the elderly.

The way of providing for the aged began in Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, Chen Zhi wrote the book "Supporting the Aged and Caring for Relatives", which is the earliest existing monograph on health care for the elderly in China. In the book, the daily maintenance, diet adjustment and medication contraindications of the elderly are discussed in detail. In the Yuan Dynasty, Zou Xuan published a book "Supporting the Elderly and Family Pension" for many times, which was widely circulated in Japan, Korea and other countries. The summary of Sikuquanshu gave it a high evaluation.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the theory of health care for the elderly was further improved, among which the most influential works were Gao Lian's Eight Chapters of Respecting Life and Cao Tingdong's Constant Words for the Elderly. "Eight Notes on Respect for Life" has made a deep discussion on the four-season recuperation, diet regulation, daily life regulation and drug supplementation of the elderly.

Cao Tingdong, the author of The Old Man's Constant Words, was a famous health care scientist in Qing Dynasty. He followed the motto of Mencius, "I am old, and people are old", read a lot of books, and put forward simple and easy health care methods for the elderly, such as sleeping, washing, walking, lying in the daytime, sitting at night, clothing, hat, belt, shoes, bed, tent, pillow, mat, quilt and so on. Although the discussion is not surprising, it is mostly thorough and useful. For example, in Sleep in Peace, how to go to bed, what posture to take when sleeping, how to put your hands and feet, when to go to bed, and how to protect your head, stomach and neck with shoulder pads are discussed. These methods are simple and effective.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were other works about the art of providing for the aged: Shou Shi Bao Yuan, Burning Snow in a Red Furnace in Ming Dynasty, Secrets of Longevity in Qing Dynasty, Collection of Nourishing True Classics, etc. These books all discuss the health and longevity of the elderly from different angles.

(2) Advocating fitness and rejuvenation.

Zhang Jiebin was a famous physician in the late Ming Dynasty. He strongly advocated fitness and rejuvenation. Zhang was born in a famous family, read widely, and was knowledgeable. He knew astronomy, geography, history and art of war. After middle age, he devoted himself to medicine and studied health preservation methods.

Before the Ming Dynasty, health care scientists paid more attention to the role of spirit in health and longevity, while Zhang systematically expounded the dialectical relationship between form and spirit in On the Annals of a Pure Moon, holding that form and spirit depend on the material of spiritual life and the nourishment of essence and blood, and the cultivation of form and spirit mainly lies in the maintenance of essence and blood. Specifically, on the one hand, it is necessary to control lust and prevent jingxie from being damaged; On the other hand, we should often take drugs that warm and replenish essence and blood. Zhang's own "Quanlu Pill" is a famous prescription for warming and nourishing essence and blood.

In Jing Yue Quan Shu, Zhang proposed the method of "rejuvenation". The so-called ZTE is to strengthen health care in middle age. Zhang believes that people's aging began in middle age, but it has not been revealed for a while, and middle age is a turning point for the human body to turn from prosperity to decline and gradually weaken its vitality. If we can strengthen nursing during this period and "revitalize the foundation", it will lay a good foundation for the health of the elderly. If you don't pay attention to health in middle age, it will accelerate the arrival of aging. The key to middle-aged health preservation lies in restoring vitality. By nourishing the mind, exercising, replenishing essence and blood, we can restore weak vitality, strengthen the body and prolong life. In a word, China's theory of health preservation has a long history. Our ancestors accumulated rich theories and practices on the road of exploring ways to delay aging and prolong life, leaving many valuable legacies. We should try our best to sort out, excavate and inherit these heritages, take their essence and discard their dross, so that they can play a greater role in strengthening the physique of the Chinese nation and prolonging human life. Two, Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism's way of keeping in good health

China people's health preservation is not only directly related to the development of medicine, but also deeply influenced by religion, philosophy, ethics and customs. Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism occupy an important position in China's traditional health preserving culture. They not only laid a theoretical foundation for China's health-preserving culture, but also provided a unique health-preserving method for China's health-preserving practice, which is still loved by people today.