See below for details.
Bigu is also called "sparrow valley", "broken valley", "no valley", "no valley" and "no valley", which means you don't eat whole grains.
Taoism follows that people eat whole grains and accumulate feces in their intestines, which will produce foul smell and hinder the road to immortality. "Huang Ting Neijing" says: "The land of the hundred valleys eats fine food, evil spirits smell five flavors, and the sacred things of God are zero. So, how can we return to the baby from the old one? " (1) At the same time, there are three worms (three corpses) in the human body, and they live on this grain gas. With its existence, people have evil desires and cannot become immortals. Therefore, if you want to clear the dirty gas in the intestine and get rid of the three corpse worms, you must break the valley. Therefore, Taoism imitates the immortal behavior described in "Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour", hoping to achieve the goal of becoming immortal. Begging for grain originated in the pre-Qin period, and it was about the same time as qi-moving. The collection of etiquette works before Qin and Han Dynasties, The Core Monument of Yi Ming, said: "Carnivores are brave, food eaters are clever, gas eaters die as gods, and non-eaters die as gods." ② It is the earliest theoretical basis of Bigu. There are similar records in Huainanzi Dizhi. There are also examples in The World. For example, in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a lone leopard in the State of Lu, who lived in the mountains and drank streams. "I don't wear silk and hemp, I don't eat whole grains, and I still wear the color of a boy." He is the earliest practitioner of breaking the valley recorded in Historical Records. In 1973, among the silk books unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, there is an article "Going to the Valley to Eat Qi", which is the earliest extant work before the Han Dynasty. There is a cloud: "Those who go to the valley eat pyrrosia. ..... first, light feet, strong body. Then you can cook (blow) and see the benefits. " It means that when you first plough, you often suffer from top-heavy and weak limbs, which must be overcome by blowing. The combination of breaking the valley and promoting qi here is the same as the intentional combination of promoting qi and guiding qi in Zhuangzi, which seems to indicate the initial existence of these three technologies in the pre-Qin period, that is, they appeared at roughly the same time. After the establishment of Taoism, many people inherited this technology and practiced the valley. According to the legend of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wang Zhen, the alchemist of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a fine horse with a beautiful body. (4) The Biography of Fang Shu in the Later Han Dynasty records: "(Hao) Meng can save energy for five or ten years, including jujube stones without eating." ⑤ There is a story in Cao Zhi's On Tao about how to avoid the valley, saying that he tried to "bow his head and sleep together" and "never leave the valley for a hundred days, ... and walk happily". ⑥ Among the alchemists attracted by Cao Cao, Zuo Ci, Feng Junda, and Miss Lu all practiced breaking the valley. Ge Hong, a Taoist priest in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, opposed the idea that one-way crossing the valley could lead to immortality (he advocated that the person who chooses magic should be Xi, especially the elixir). He believes that one-way crossing the valley can lead to immortality, which is a "one-sided theory" of practitioners, but he does not doubt the fitness and longevity effect of crossing the valley. He said in "Miscellaneous Answers in Bao Puzi": "The remainder is more than three years and two years, all of which are light in body and good in color. ⑦ Give a concrete example to prove that Shi Chun, a Taoist priest in the Three Kingdoms, often didn't eat for a month or a hundred days when he was treating people with qi. After listening to this, Emperor Wu doubted that this was called taking medicine and keeping it. In spring, I only ask for three or two liters of water. After more than a year, the color of spring is fresher and the intensity is the same. " ⑧ "There is abundance, but you have to submit to humiliation, and you have broken the valley for three years. Watching them climb mountains and carry heavy loads, they are tireless all day long. " Pet-name ruby "Shu Wei Shi Lao Zhi", northern Wei Taoist Kouqian's excuse is that the old man gave him a recipe to guide the valley, and more than a dozen disciples got his skills. Donglai Taoist Wang lived in seclusion in Hanshan Mountain and was isolated from the world for more than 40 years. "Seven Signs of Yun Qi" has been published for five years, and Sun Youyue "practiced calligraphy but took Guxian Pill for sixty-seven years, and his face was pale and moist, as fine as ever. "Ab" Biography of Southern History and Seclusion "records that Deng Yu, a Taoist priest in Nanyue," broke the valley for more than 30 years, only taking water with mica sheets and reciting the Great Hole Sutra day and night. "Ac Tao Hongjing" is a good guide valley. He has lived in seclusion for forty years, and he is still very capable in his eighties. " A.D. "Biography of Northern History and Seclusion" said that Xu Ze, a teacher of Chen Daoshi, "was a recluse, but he refused to collect cotton wool despite the cold winter". Ae "Old Tang Book"
According to the biography of seclusion, Pan Shi, a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty, lived in Songshan for more than 20 years, "but drank water from pine leaves." Af's disciple, Sima Chengzhen, also inherited his skills of guidance and bait. According to the history of Song Dynasty, Chen Tuan, a Taoist priest in the early Song Dynasty, lived in Jiushiyan, Wudang Mountain. He "spent more than 20 years in the valley, but drank several cups every day". Ag's Biography of Song History and Ji Fang records that Zhao naturally "does not eat, but is a god."
It's refreshing. Every time I smell fire, I will vomit. It's fruity and spring is just right. "Chai Xuantong" is over 100 years old, good at avoiding the valley and whistling, only drinking. "Ah, history books are too numerous to mention. It can be seen that from the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the technique of crossing the valley has been very popular in Taoism. In the process of spreading and learning the art of crossing the valley, Taoist once wrote a monograph on crossing the valley, and discussed and expounded the methods of crossing the valley.