Efficacy and function of Prunus tomentosa
1. Buxue
Cherry has a high iron content, ranking first among all kinds of fruits. Iron is the raw material for synthesizing human hemoglobin and myoglobin, which plays an important role in the process of human immunity, protein synthesis and energy metabolism, and is also closely related to brain and nerve function and aging process. Eating cherries regularly can supplement the human body's demand for iron, promote the regeneration of hemoglobin, not only prevent iron deficiency anemia, but also enhance physical fitness, brain and intelligence.
When measles is prevalent, giving children cherry juice can prevent infection. Cherry stone has the function of sweating and detoxification.
3. Dispelling wind, removing dampness and killing insects
Cherry is warm, has the function of invigorating the middle energizer, expelling wind and removing dampness, and has a good curative effect on rheumatic lumbago and leg pain. Cherry root also has a strong insect repellent and insecticidal effect, which can drive away roundworms, pinworms and tapeworms.
Stop convergence and relieve pain
Folk experience shows that cherry can treat burns and scalds, relieve pain and prevent blistering and suppuration at the wound. At the same time, cherries can also treat mild and severe frostbite.
5. Beauty and tolerance
Cherry is rich in nutrition, and contains more protein, sugar, phosphorus, carotene and vitamin C than apples and pears, especially high in iron. Regular rubbing of face and wrinkles with cherry juice can make facial skin ruddy and fair, eliminate wrinkles and spots.
Nutritional value and efficacy of cherry
1. Cherry has a particularly high iron content. Eating cherries regularly can supplement the human body's demand for iron and promote the regeneration of hemoglobin, which can not only prevent iron deficiency anemia, but also enhance physical fitness, brain and intelligence.
2. Cherry is rich in nutrition and has the functions of regulating middle energizer, invigorating spleen and regulating stomach, expelling wind and removing dampness;
3. It is beneficial to anorexia, dyspepsia, rheumatism and body pain.
4. Regular consumption of cherries can nourish the skin, make the skin ruddy and fair, and eliminate wrinkles and spots.
5. Those with indigestion, paralysis, rheumatism, lumbago and leg pain, weak constitution and dull complexion are suitable for eating;
6. Those with ulcer symptoms, those who get angry, eat carefully; People with diabetes should not eat it.
7. Cyanic acid in wild cherries exists in a large number of seeds and fruits. Therefore, this kind of fruit should not be eaten more.
Introduction of hairy cherry
Morphological feature editing
Prunus tomentosa is a shrub, usually 0.3- 1 m high, with sparse small trees, and the height can reach 2-3 meters. Branchlets are purplish brown or grayish brown, and shoots are densely tomentose to glabrous. Winter buds ovate, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. Leaf blade is ovoid or obovoid, 2-7 cm long and 1-3.5 cm wide, with sharp or tapering tip, wedge-shaped base, sharp or coarsely serrated edge, dark green above, fluffy below, gray-green, densely covered with gray fluff or later sparse, and 4-7 pairs of lateral veins; Petiole 2-8 mm long, tomentose or sparsely shed; Stipules linear, 3-6 mm long and villous. [2]
Flowers solitary or 2 in clusters, leaves open together, near leaves or early leaves open; Pedicel as long as 2.5 mm or subsessile; Calyx tube tubular or cup-shaped, 4-5 mm long, pubescent or glabrous outside, sepals triangular-ovate, apex obtuse or pointed, 2-3 mm long, pubescent or glabrous inside and outside; Petals white or pink, obovate, apex obtuse; Stamens 20-25, shorter than petals; Style protruding nearly as long as stamens or slightly longer; Ovary is completely hairy or only the top or base is hairy. [2]
Drupe is nearly spherical, red and 0.5- 1.2 cm in diameter; There is no ridge on the surface of the nucleus except for longitudinal grooves on both sides of the ridge. The flowering period is April-May and the fruiting period is June-September. 2n= 16 .[2]
Original habitat editing
Born in hillside forests, forest margins, bushes or grasslands, altitude 100-3200m. China Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet. [2]
Editor of main varieties
Cherry with green calyx
Branches are thinner than hairy cherries and have a beautiful posture; The flower diameter 1.5 cm is slightly smaller than that of Prunus tomentosa, but the flowers are dense; Sepals are green, petals are as white as snow, and open in the middle and late March, full of Qionghua trees; Flowers bloom slower and last longer than Prunus mume. [3]
Hairy cherry
The branches are arched and drooping, with umbrella-shaped crown and large leaves, 6.5-7.4 cm long and 3.4-4.3 cm wide; Stipules are trifoliate, all lobes are finely subulate, with short or long hard glandular hairs on both sides, sparsely pubescent, and the lobes are strip-lanceolate and 6- 12 cm long. Style shorter than stamens; The fruit is large, with a diameter of about 1.25 cm. It germinates in the middle and early March, blooms in the early April, and the flowering period is half a month. Leaves spread in the first half of April, fruits ripen in the first half of June, and leaves fall from the end of 10 to the beginning of10.
This variety is cold-tolerant and drought-tolerant, and has a wide range of adaptability. Easy to breed and fast to grow. Early flowering, long flowering, dense flowers, pink white; The fruit ripens early, with bright red color, delicious taste and high ornamental value. In the second year after planting, the fruit setting rate is high. When the fruit is ripe, the arched branches are covered with strings of pearls, which are more elegant and chic against the green leaves. [3]
Growth habit editor
Fruit trees that like light, temperature, humidity and fertilizer are suitable to grow under the climatic conditions of annual average temperature 10- 12℃, annual precipitation of 600-700 mm and annual sunshine hours of more than 2,600-2,800 hours. The place where the daily average temperature is higher than 10℃ 150-200 days and the extreme minimum temperature in winter is not lower than -20℃ can grow well and the results are normal. If there is freezing damage in the local area, cherry orchard can choose the northwest slope where the temperature rises slowly and the air circulates in spring. Considering that the cherry root system is shallow and easy to be blown down by the wind, the garden should be in an area free from wind damage, and the soil is sandy loam with loose soil and deep soil layer. Suitable for cultivation in sandy loam or gravel loam with deep soil layer, loose soil, good air permeability and strong water retention. Cultivated in cohesive soil, the root system is shallow, and it is not drought-resistant, waterlogging-resistant and wind-resistant. Cherry trees are sensitive to the degree of salinization, and the suitable soil pH value is 5.6-7, which is not suitable for planting cherries in saline-alkali areas. [4]
Reproduction mode editing
sow seeds
After the cherry is harvested, the peel and pulp are cut to take out the pit, the pulp except the pit is washed with clear water, and then dried in the shade for 1-2 days before sowing. When sowing, the seeds are directly sown in shallow pots, and germinate about 10-30 days after sowing. When the seedlings grow to 5- 10 cm, transplant them into plastic soft pots. Cherry seeds are easy to germinate, but the germination is irregular. Some plants often lack viable embryos, and the germination rate is often lower than 30%. The results of seedling raising method are late and the quality difference between seedlings is great. [4]
When planting and cultivating cherry trees, be careful not to let the seeds dry. After the wet sand accumulates, sow with the harvest or the next spring. Grafting cultivation can use cherry and mountain cherry seedlings as rootstocks. Cutting in late March or budding in late August can be cultivated for 3-4 years after grafting, and can be planted after leaving the nursery. It is not suitable to dry cherry blossom seeds after harvest. Because the seeds are dormant or stored in the sand in the spring of the following year, the seedlings are cultivated for grafting. [4]
Cutting propagation method
In the spring and summer growth period, select semi-mature robust branches with a diameter of 0.7- 1.2 cm and a length of 15-20 cm, and insert them into river sand, vermiculite or peat soil or several mixtures, which are all suitable as seedbed substrates, especially the cuttings should be kept moist and shaded. Roots will grow about 1.5-2 months after cutting, and then transplant after the root group grows vigorously. If face-to-face management is adopted, the survival rate can reach 60-90%. The cutting method is simple and the success rate is the highest. In summer, use the tender branches of that year. Cutting can be treated with NAA, and the seedbed needs shading, moisturizing and ventilated substrate, so the survival rate is high. [4]
floor
Select branches that have been used for more than two years, peel them annularly at the lower part near the node (destroy the phloem of this part and promote the cambium above this part to take root), and then put wet velvet into a transparent plastic bag to wrap the whole wound, and tie the upper and lower ends tightly. When it takes root, it will be cut off below the layering part, and the potted plant will become a new plant. It is usually selected in the vigorous growth period of cherries (late spring and early summer), and it is easy to take root. Although rooting is easy, the effect varies from variety to variety. [4]
transplant
Because most kinds of cherry blossoms will not bear fruit, they can be grafted with cherry or mountain cherry, pruned in late March and germinated in late August. After 3-4 years of cultivation, it can be planted out of the nursery. Cherry blossoms can also be grafted by changing branches and heads. The cut scion is inserted into the rootstock by splitting, wrapped tightly with plastic bags, and then covered with plastic bags for heat preservation and protection. The survival rate is high, and it can be used to replace new varieties. [4]
Cultivation technology editor
plant
Before planting, the ground should be flat. You can dig a pit with a diameter of 0.8 meters and a depth of 0.6 meters. First, fill the pit with 10 cm organic fertilizer, and put the seedlings in into the pit to make the roots of the seedlings extend around. After the cherry blossoms are filled with soil, it is practical to lift the seedlings upward to spread the roots. The planting depth is about 5 cm from the upper layer of seedling roots. After planting, water it, fully irrigate it, and put it up with a stick to prevent the strong wind from blowing down. When planting, apply decomposed compost 15 kg -25 kg to each pit, and apply ammonium sulfate 1 kg-2 kg to each plant in July. After flowering in early spring and before germination, we should cut off dead branches, weak branches and long branches, try to avoid pruning thick branches and keep the crown intact. [4]
water
After planting, seedlings are susceptible to drought. During the planting period, in addition to adequate irrigation, irrigation should be conducted every 8- 10 days to keep the soil moist and free from water accumulation. Loosen the soil in time after irrigation, and it is best to cover the surface with grass to reduce water evaporation. In 2-3 years after planting, in order to prevent the trunk from drying up, it can be wrapped with straw. But after two to three years, the seedlings grow new roots and their adaptability to the environment is gradually enhanced, so there is no need to wrap grass. Watering depends on precipitation and soil moisture, generally combined with fertilization. Should be sufficient but not excessive, control trees with water and adjust fertilizer with water. Water it three or four times a year. Controlling drip irrigation with water-saving facilities is beneficial to the integration of water and fertilizer and improves the utilization rate of fertilizer and water. [4]
Fertilize soil or land
Cherry blossoms are fertilized twice a year, and acid fertilizer is better. One is winter fertilizer, and organic fertilizers such as bean cake, chicken manure and decomposed fertilizer are applied in winter or early spring; On another occasion, quick-acting fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and calcium superphosphate were applied after flowering. Generally, the method of fertilizing cherry trees can be adopted, that is, digging an annular groove with a depth of about 10 cm at the edge of the crown: orthogonal projection line, and fertilizing. This method is not only simple, but also beneficial to root absorption. In the future, with the growth of trees, the diameter and depth of the annular groove for fertilization will also increase. Cherry blossoms have shallow roots and need good drainage and ventilation. Therefore, it is forbidden for people, livestock and cars to stabilize the soil around trees, especially within the distribution range of roots. Pedestrian trampling will weaken the tree, shorten its life, and even lead to rotten roots and death. [4]
decrease
Pruning is mainly to cut off dead branches, long branches, overlapping branches and pests and diseases. In addition, when many branches grow on the trunk of the big cherry tree, some robust branches should be kept and the rest should be cut off from the base to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. The pruned branches should be disinfected with drugs in time to prevent bacteria from invading after rain and causing rot. After a long period of sun exposure, the bark of cherry blossoms is easy to age and damage, causing rot, so it should be removed and disinfected in time. After that, the rotten part was wrapped with humus and carbon powder to promote its normal physiological function.
Bao Hua
July-August is the concentrated period of flower bud differentiation of cherry blossoms. Through reasonable tree structure, ventilation and light transmission are increased, and the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves is improved. Through technical measures such as pulling branches and opening corners, pinching, twisting tips and moderate drought, the balance of growth and reproduction is adjusted to provide sufficient nutrition for flower bud differentiation. The main harm of flowering period is late frost, and measures such as smoking, water spraying and flower protection agent are taken to reduce the harm. Pay close attention to weather forecast and field temperature changes during flowering. [4]
You Guo
Cultivate high-quality flowers, increase the application of organic fertilizer, thin and stabilize the fruit, spray foliar fertilizer during the fruit growth period, and increase the field water capacity during the young fruit period to prevent fruit cracking and abnormal fruit. [4]
lawn
The advantages of planting grass in orchard are: improving soil, increasing organic matter, improving fertility, regulating ground temperature, keeping moisture, improving micro-ecological environment of orchard, increasing temperature difference and improving fruit quality. Planting grass in orchards generally adopts the mode of planting grass between rows and covering between plants. White clover is the main grass species, and natural grass can also be selected. Cut it 2-3 times a year. [4]
Pest control editor
Tumor aphid
Adult aphids and young aphids collect leaves and buds to suck juice, and the edges of the damaged leaves are longitudinally rolled into a tube and backward. It occurs for many generations a year, and overwinters with eggs in the annual branches, scissors and sawed buds. In early April of the following year, the overwintering eggs hatch, parthenogenesis occurs from spring to autumn, and the damage peak occurs in the middle and late June. Sexual aphids appeared in June 10- 1 1. After mating, they lay eggs and overwinter as eggs.
Prevention and control methods: According to Spiraea aphids, water washing and cloth spraying are used to ensure that the branches and leaves are fully coated with drugs, and strive to eliminate them and leave no future trouble. [4]
red spider
The harmful way is to puncture the leaves with mouthparts to absorb juice, so that chlorophyll is destroyed, and the leaves are grayish yellow spots or patches, and the leaves are orange, falling off or even shining.
Prevention and control methods: individual leaves are damaged, and insect leaves can be removed; When there are many leaves, it should be sprayed as soon as possible. Commonly used pesticides include propargite, dicofol, dimethoate, Chinese insect net, metoclopramide and so on. [4]
scale insect
Harm leaves, branches and fruits. Scale insects are often male, have wings and can fly. Once female insects and larvae emerge, they feed on branches and leaves or fruits all their lives, resulting in yellowing of leaves, withering of branches and leaves, and decline of tree potential, which is easy to induce soot disease.
Control method: 40-50 times of oil emulsion can be sprayed in winter to kill overwintering female insects. At the peak of nymph hatching, 40% omethoate EC, 40% chlorpyrifos EC or 40.7% dichlorvos EC and 80% dichlorvos EC were mixed in the ratio of 1: 1 to form 1000-65433 insecticide. [4]
hemorrhagic disease
Gummosis is mainly caused by freezing injury, freezing injury, pests and diseases, hail disaster, excessive or insufficient water, improper fertilization, excessive pruning, excessive fruits, heavy soil viscosity or high soil acidity. If moths burrow into tree trunks to lay eggs, they can be dug out with sharp knives to improve soil and strengthen water and fertilizer management. [4]
meloidogynosis
Nodular nodule disease will cause the roots of diseased trees to fail to grow normally, and the trees are still not strong no matter how fertilized. It is necessary to remove the tumor in time, disinfect the soil and improve the soil with humus, charcoal powder and microorganisms. [4]
brown spot
May-June, the leaves appear purple-brown spots, and then gradually expand into a circle, and the diseased spots become pores after drying and shrinking. Most bacteria overwinter on diseased leaves, and the optimum development temperature is 25 ~ 28℃. The rainy season is conducive to infection, and it is serious when the tree is weak, the drainage is poor, and the ventilation and light transmission are poor.
Control methods: (1) Strengthen cultivation management, prune reasonably, pay attention to pruning diseased branches, clean diseased leaves in time and burn them to create clean growth conditions for plants. (2) The sulfur mixture with Baume degree of 3-5 times can be sprayed before new buds germinate, and Bordeaux mixture with Bordeaux solution of 0/6 times or 50% Bernoulli wettable powder with 0/000-2000 times of 15% zineb solution can be sprayed during the onset period. [4]
leaf blight
In summer, yellow-green circular spots appeared on the leaves, then turned brown and scattered in small black spots. The diseased leaves died but did not fall off.
Control method: During the growing season, spraying 1 time every 10 day from the early onset in late June to 10 month can effectively control the disease. Commonly used drugs are 1: 1: 100 times bordeaux mixture, 50% tobrazine solution, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times (or 600-800 times of 40% colloidal suspension) and 50% phenethylpiperidine 6500 times. [4]
The main value of Prunus tomentosa
eat
This kind of fruit is slightly sweet and sour, edible and can be used for wine making; The oil content of seed kernel is about 43%, which can be used to make soap and lubricating oil. Seed kernel is also used as medicine, with the trade name of Dameiren, which has the effect of moistening intestines and benefiting water. Cherry is large in shape and delicious, and can be eaten raw or canned. Cherry juice can be used to make syrup, sugar gum and fruit wine. Nuts can be pressed with oil, such as almond oil. [4]
garden
Gardens in China, Hebei, Xinjiang, Jiangsu and other cities are usually cultivated for ornamental purposes. The ornamental Prunus tomentosa variety has beautiful tree shape, petite flowers and gorgeous fruits, and flowers, leaves, fruits and shapes can be viewed. It is a garden ornamental plant integrating flower viewing, fruit viewing and shape viewing. In parks, courtyards, residential areas and other places, it can be planted in the form of solitary plants, or combined with other flowers, ornamental grasses, small shrubs and so on. Create colorful, vivid and natural landscape. [3]
Ornamental Prunus tomentosa varieties can be combined with a variety of plants to make the landscape layered and dynamic. It can be combined with flowers, shrubs and trees in parks and squares to form a multi-layer plant community landscape, which can add pastoral charm. In courtyards, residential quarters and villas, ornamental Prunus mume varieties can be planted with a variety of plants or other plants to achieve the effect of point scenery and play the role of finishing touch. But be careful not to overuse it. To avoid the clutter of the overall landscape. [3]
medical science
Hairy cherry is sweet and warm, and enters the spleen meridian; Has the effects of invigorating middle energizer, invigorating spleen and eliminating dampness; Can be used for treating asthenia, listlessness, anorexia, rheumatic lumbago, limb dysfunction, anemia, etc. Can be used externally to treat chilblain and sweat spots.
Seeds (Prunus humilis): Xin and Ping. Moisten dryness and smooth intestines, reduce qi and promote diuresis. Can be used for relieving dry stool, food stagnation, abdominal distension, constipation, edema, beriberi and urinary stranguria. [5]
Plant culture editor
Flower language: homesickness
The flower diameter is less than 1 cm, which is white. Compared with cherry blossoms, peach blossoms and plum blossoms, the flowers are small and plain. Although the flowers are not bright, they contain a strong local flavor, which makes people miss their hometown. The consequences of flowers are like cherries, and the fruit is sweet and sour. Children used to like them very much.