The decomposer is heterotrophs, who decomposes animal and plant residues, feces and various complex organic compounds, absorbs some decomposition products, and finally decomposes organic matter into simple inorganic matter, which can be reused by autotrophs after participating in the material cycle. Decomposers are widely distributed in the ecosystem, which constantly promotes the circulation of natural substances. Mainly bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms.

3. 1 decomposers in terrestrial ecosystems

Small and medium-sized animals in the soil, such as nematodes and small beetles, can attack newly fallen dead leaves, treat and process the feces of large animals, and play a certain role in decomposition.

Large animals in the soil, such as millipedes, snails and earthworms, can eat litter, which is the main force to break plant leaves and turn the soil, thus having an important impact on the decomposition process and belonging to the decomposer in the ecosystem.

It should be noted that termites born with flagella eat plant xylem, and they have flagella in their digestive tract, which can decompose the plant fibers eaten by termites. Therefore, when discussing their components in the ecosystem, termites are usually regarded as consumers, while flagella in their bodies is decomposers. In addition, vultures and other creatures that specialize in eating animal carcasses also belong to decomposers.

3.2 decomposers in aquatic ecosystems

Invertebrates, such as mollusks and worms, crustaceans, such as crabs, can destroy the leaves of aquatic plants, scrape algae and dead organic matter from gravel surfaces, and participate in the decomposition of ecosystems.