Ximing Temple is a famous temple in the Tang Dynasty, imitating the architectural style of Tianzhu Garden. The weather is spectacular. Su Xiang's "Tang Chang 'an Ximing Temple Tower Monument" wrote: "He Yi Tang Di was born in the sky. His great scholarship has been spread for hundreds of millions of years, and he has been in its heyday for three generations. He respects Ming Zhuo Zhe and even ordered the emperor Gao Zong Yuan Shao to guide the road. When filial piety to the emperor, the deputy governor of the store clearly showed illness, one thing was good, and people were good. I am both happy and afraid. When I hear the words of the prince, I will be great, and I will win innocence with a promising foundation. In the Mid-Autumn Festival in Qingyuan, Guangdong, Ximing Temple was set up in Yankangli, Jingzhao. First of all, Xuanzang, the master of Sanzang, should have been a real achievement. His first life was to prolong his life, make a fortune and follow the rope, but it was also smooth sailing. The second life is to supervise the production of Lieutenant Shen, to pour hidden water into the balance, cut the version, hang the cave, hook the north hill and cut the gold in Nanshan. At the beginning of the calendar, the star fell, suddenly the dome was full of clouds, saved some arches, and turned and slapped. A candle shines on the topic, and the glass is full of holes and flowers, hidden in the daytime, and neon lights unfold for it. Sometimes there are two places, sometimes there is a breeze, guns and sounds come and go, full of richness, grandeur and enthusiasm.
On the day of the completion of Ximing Temple, Tang Gaozong personally attended the ceremony. Su Xiang's "Tang Chang 'an Ximing Temple Tower Monument" said: "I will give you 100 hectares of countryside, 100 clean rooms, 520 cars and 2,000 silks, and recruit eminent monks all over the country, including Piluo, Jingnian, Manhao, Guangshuo, Peng Yi, Debate and Xunzi, and notify all 50 people. In the fourth volume of Daoxuan's Collection of Balance between Ancient and Modern Buddhism and Taoism, at Ximing Temple in Shanghai, I called monks and Taoists to discuss talk things over an excellent course. The second article also said: "On June 12, the second year of Xianqing, Ximing Temple was completed, and Taoism and custom were integrated. Yan Hua, the floor, wants to enter the temple tomorrow morning, and the flute and drum vibrate, causing chaos in Xianghua. From the north city to the south temple, the streets are winding for more than ten miles. By the 13th day of Qing Dynasty, the emperor was at the gate of Anfu. The list of county assistants is as follows. When I went in and out of Xiu Xiang, Gao Guang was shocked by the sight and hearing. I walked south from the street along the road, and I enjoyed it all. " On this day, 150 young men who had been tried in advance also "built a temple and became monks". Master Xuanzang personally presided over the tonsure. According to Su Xianghe and Daoxuan, the inauguration ceremony of Ximing Temple was a great success. Later, Wu Zetian gave green mud beads, and Li Xian, the prince of Zhang Huai, cast ten thousand Jin bronze bells. According to the preface to the inscription "Exorcist" by Huaiyun, the owner of the actual temple in the Tang Dynasty, Huaiyun once "shaved in Ximing Temple" when he lived in Gaozong. Huichang destroyed the Buddha, and Ximing Temple was spared because of its national temple nature. In July of the fifth year of Huichang (845), Wu Zong ordered the temple to be abolished, and Chang 'an "left two temples in every street, with thirty monks in the temple. The left street of Shangdu is full of goodwill and blessings, and the right street is bright and solemn. " After Emperor Xuanzong ascended the throne, Ximing Temple was renamed Fushou Temple.
Ximing Temple is beautifully decorated. Tang Yan Qian's "Ximing Temple Gong Wei Basin New Rice" says: "The lotus pond is small and the algae well is thin." Yuan Zhen's Peony in Ximing Temple: "Flowers grow on the glazed ground, and the light and wind dazzle Chinese milk vetch." The poem is about the algae wells and glazed tiles in the building of Ximing Temple. At that time, the inscriptions, murals, inscriptions and calligraphy books owned by temples were all excellent art treasures. For example, "the forehead of the temple is written by Liu Suo, a bachelor of Xuanzong Temple, facing south and entering the south wall of Ximen. Yang Tingguang painted two god shops. The first preacher in the east of the East Gallery was Tuzan, Chu Suiliang wrote books, the third was Li Fang, the fourth was Tan Kejialuo, and Ouyang Tong wrote books. " There is also Liu Gongquan's book "Diamond Sutra Monument", and Dunhuang suicide note P4503 is the rubbings of this monument. Wen Tingyun's "Ximing Monastery" said: "I once went to the temple to look for famous paintings, but I had to watch chess because I visited idle people. When the new geese are jagged and the sea of clouds is blue, the leaves of Liao in western Western jackdaw are red. I know that Zhang Huashi will eventually, and I don't care about Cangzhou fishing line. " "Cangzhou" in the poem means "Cangzhou is full of murals" in Du Fu's "Xuanwu Zen Master Wall". The peony in the temple is also famous. Besides Yuan Zhen's Peony in Ximing Temple mentioned above, Bai Juyi also has Peony in Ximing Temple and Peony in Jiangling.
"Tai Ping Guang Ji" Volume 180 Song Ji quoted "Lu Jia Zaji": "Visit Ximing Temple in midsummer. Song Ji spent the summer in a monastery. Suddenly, he walked into the workhouse. He was under the window, with his calf nose up and a towel in his hand, copying books. The host said, "A bowl of tea, please." Ji said, "Boil it in water." . It tastes like tea. Please pour it yourself. "Then he asked," What occupation? " Ask the last name, too. Ji Yun said,' The fifth surname is Song, and it should be promoted by a scholar.' He said,' What do you do?' Say,' Write a poem.' He also said:' I heard that today is a good poem. "How?" Song Jiyun: "Unforeseen things will happen ..." Unfinished. Suddenly get out of the chariot. Yue' butler, butler'. Fear of sin. The master said,' The Fifth Congress of the Song Dynasty will be honest.' After the list was released by the Ministry of Ritual, I was ordered to check if there were any good names. In order to keep Zou Hui unknown, he said, "Wu Song is also very frank." "I can see you, it's time for the exam, swim here. Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty was the cultural center of the East at that time. It can be said that almost every monk in the Tang Dynasty had a karma with Chang 'an, and Ximing Temple is not only the Buddhist cultural center of Chang 'an, but also one of the Buddhist cultural centers in East Asia. It has more than 4,000 houses, and it also undertakes the ritual and prayer activities of the royal family every day. There are many monks in the temple. At that time, there were Huaiyun, Xuanzang, Daoxuan, Daoshi, Huilin, Yuance, Liang Xiu, Chengen, Fu Lin, Conscious and Shunzhen. Among them, Xuanzang (602-664), one of the founders of only knowing Sect, was the first building of Ximing Temple, whose real name was Chen. Zhenguan first went to Tianzhu to study and learn from the scriptures. After returning to China in nineteen years, Zhenguan translated 75 Buddhist scriptures and treatises, which were called new translations, and became the three major translators of Buddhism in China together with Kumarajiva and Zhen Zhen. Daoxuan (596-667) was the founder of Legalism, whose real name was Qian, and he was a Dantu. He became a monk at the age of fifteen and studied law from Zhishou (567-635). In October of the 4th year of Emperor Xianqing (659), Master Xuanzang and some disciples moved to Yuhua Palace to translate the Prajna Sutra. Daoxuan succeeded to the throne, assisted Xuanzang in translating the scriptures and was responsible for polishing the scriptures. He wrote the four-point law, deleted the complexity and filled the blank. Taoist priest (? 1683, in the third year of Xianqing, he stayed in Ximing Temple as one of the 50 greatest virtues and wrote Fayuan Zhu Lin. (737 ~ 820) surnamed Pei, a native of Shule (now Kashgar, Xinjiang). She was once called "the study of endorsement" by Bachelor Anxi, "the secret of learning inside" and "Confucianism outside". She was particularly good at calligraphy and later became a monk. She taught Sanzang in Daxing Shan Temple, and later wrote everything in Ximing Temple.
Chang 'an was also the center of Buddhism gathering and communication in Tang Dynasty. Monks and nuns from all over the world heard that Chang 'an Buddhism flourished, and they all came here. There are monks from India, the birthplace of Buddhism, and also from Japan and South Korea. Famous Buddhist temples in Chang 'an, such as Xingshan, Ci 'en, Mingxi and Qinglong, are often inhabited by monks from India, Japan and other countries. According to Zong Yi's Catalogue of Invited Practitioners and Right Miscellaneous Books, etc. Although illegal, it is what the world needs. In Xian Tong, Datong for six years, from June to October, I asked for a catalogue of miscellaneous laws in Ximing Temple, Right Street, Chang 'an. "The most famous Indian monks who lived in Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty were the sum of Bodhi and King Kong, and they were known as the' Kaiyuan Three Masters' in history. Shen Yun, Yuan Ce and Sheng Zhuang, the eminent monks of North Korea, also assisted Xuanzang and Yijing in translating the scriptures. Among them, Yuan Ce was the pioneer of Fa Xiang Zong Ming Xi School and one of the fifty virtues of Ximing Temple. Among the foreign monks in Chang 'an, the largest number are Japanese monks. Konghai, the most influential Buddhist master, arrived in Chang 'an in the 20th year of Zhenyuan (804), lived in Ximing Temple, visited famous temples in Chang 'an, and then studied tantric Buddhism from returning monks in Qingyuan Temple. In August of the first year of Yuanhe (806), he sent a Tang boat back to China. Huiguo not only gave secret dharma, but also brought Buddhist scriptures, Buddha statues, relics and secret rides back to Japan. After Konghai's return to China, Hong Sheng's Tantric Sect, which was respected by the ruling and opposition parties, established the Jingangfeng Temple in Gao Yanei and founded Tantric Sect. Japanese scholars living in Chang 'an returned to China for the second time, which not only gradually formed various sects of Japanese Buddhism, but also imported Buddhist rituals, images, cultural relics and architectural styles from the Tang Dynasty into Japan. Tian Ping was built in Nara for four years (729), imitating Ximing Temple in Chang 'an. According to the biography of Taoist priest in the Japanese dynasty: "In the ninth year of Tianping in Emperor Shengwu (727), the emperor sent a letter to the new Daguan Temple, looking for the Galand system, but he didn't know. Tao Ci said,' When I was in China, I saw Ximing Temple, and I was happy when I thought of going back to China another day. When I do this, I will write down the rules of the hall and attack them. Your Majesty asked me today, and the real minister monk praised me first. "Make progress. ..... calendar 14 years, awarded to Daan, Chairman Ci. "
Ximing Temple is an important translation place in the Tang Dynasty, and many Buddhist scriptures in Buddhist books are translated in Ximing Temple. For example, after the first volume S4268, S37 12 and S3870 of Jin Guangming's best king classic music, there is an inscription translated by Chang 'an Sanzang Yi Jingfeng in Xixian Temple. Chang 'an is the year number after Tang Wu. According to the title of Heart Sutra in Volume 11 of Hui Lin's The Sound and Meaning of the Classics, the Buddha said Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra was translated by Prajna, a guest monk in Ximing Temple. "Another example is the Catalogue of Newly Defined Buddhism in Zhenyuan, which has been published for thirteen years. During the Chang 'an period, there were Jin Guangming's best King Sutra, the Prajna Paramita Sutra that could break King Kong, the mantra of King Sutra, the theory of palm, the theory of taking cause hypothesis, and the academic conclusions of six professors. Fundamentally, everything has a part, and fundamentally, everything has a part. According to Tang Xianzong's Preface to Mahayana Six Paramitas, "The Samoan Prajna of the old guest was passed down by the order, and the Samoans of Guangzhai Temple translated it in words. At that time, Dade had Taoist teachings from the Holy Temple, enlightenment from Liquan Temple, mantra from Qiong Temple, round photos from Zhuang Yan Temple, round photos from Guangzhai Temple, round photos from Ximing Temple, argument from Zhangjing Temple, and good show from Ximing Temple, as well as the leaders and people of Dharma Institute. Zanning's Biography of Eminent Monks (Volume 14) and Tang Jingzhao's Xuanzang of Ximing Temple also said: "At the beginning of Ximing Temple, Sanzang was called as a teacher and translated. He is the author of more than 220 volumes, including Famen Wen Ji, Hong Guangming Ji, Continued Biography of Monks, Sambo Lu, and Shu Jie Qian Qianyi, who gave up ink. "Volume 4, Taoist Biography of Ximing Temple in the Tang Dynasty, said:" Because Ximing Temple was built for the Crown Prince, it can be called in with Yingbo. At that time, Daoxuan's lawyers had to obey the law and apply it to the whole world, with five cars driving together and three riding on the rails. People are out of my reach, and the road is fragrant. Having said that, I am still deeply impressed, thinking that there have been many people in the Mian Dynasty in ancient and modern times, although the words are not elegant enough for biographies. Therefore, it is the essence of literature and the foresight of Wen Yi. It is classified and catalogued, with the number of "Fayuan Zhu Lin", with a total of 100 articles, making it ten. "Ximing Temple was a famous temple that studied Buddhism at that time, and it was rich in Tibetan scriptures. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, Ximing Temple was ordered to write a scripture, which was collected in the East Pavilion of Bodhi Institute of Ximing Temple, and was called "Wanjing". According to Shi Jingtai's Preface to the Classics of Dajing 'ai Temple in Datang Tokyo, "In the fourth year of Xianqing, Ximing Temple specially wrote scriptures and recorded them." It is also "the celebration of Ximing Temple's imperial collection of Tibetan scriptures, which makes it even more secluded and exhausted." The lawyer preached and recorded the order. The Tibetan Scriptures of Ximing Temple are called "Mingxi Tibetan Scriptures" in Volume X of Datang The biography of Master Sanzang and Chronicle of the Sound and Meaning of Newly Carved Buddhist Scriptures by Japanese monk Yun Tan. This collection is the earliest and richest Buddhist classics in the Tang Dynasty. Since then, the new scriptures that have been translated one after another will be added to the Mingxi Tibetan scriptures after they are officially promulgated. For example, the Records of Kaiyuan Buddhism has been published for nine years: "... this new translation is handwritten, and all the classics in the East Pavilion of Bodhi Institute of Ximing Temple have been added". Accordingly, Zhao Yuan was written into the Catalogue of Newly Defined Buddhism in Ximing Temple Zhenyuan, namely Lu Zhenyuan. Hui Lin's "The Sound and Meaning of the Classics" were all written on this basis, and the fifth volume of the Biography of Monks in Suining and the Biography of Hui Lin in the Jingxi Temple of Tang Dynasty called it "a miscellaneous history of the classics of Linzi, Zitong, Sheng Lei, Sancang, Qieyun and Pian Yu, and a detailed investigation of right and wrong with the Buddha's meaning. From the fourth year of Zhenyuan (788) to the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10), I finally started writing. It was originally stored in the west of Ming Dynasty. Between Beijing and Chongqing, one is admiration. "
Hui Lin recorded 1300 Buddhist scriptures with more than 5,700 volumes in The Sounds and Meanings of the Classics, which started with Tang Xuanzang's translation of the Great Prajna Paramita Sutra, and went to the Tang Yijing's Method of Protecting the Life, which can be said to be a microcosm of the Buddhist scriptures that entered Tibet at that time. The text of a Buddhist scripture it interprets can provide a glimpse of this Buddhist scripture. According to Zhenyuan's record of entering Tibet, the book is roughly organized into 100 volumes, which is a round photo. It depends on the number of Buddhist scriptures collected and the number of words that need to be explained. One volume explains a Buddhist sutra, such as 7 1 volume only explains 80 volumes of Abida Mohan Shun Zheng Lun; One volume explains several Buddhist scriptures, such as the explanation of the Shurangama Sutra Abago-Dharma Collection 3 1 0, the explanation of the Shurangama Sutra 10, the explanation of the Mahayana Sutra 7, the explanation of the Bodhisattva Avatar Realm 3 and the explanation of the qianzi Sutra 7. There are also several volumes that explain a Buddhist sutra, such as one to eight volumes that explain 600 volumes of the Mahayana Sutra. Before each volume, list the names of the notes in this volume. Under each Buddhist sutra, the translator and author are generally indicated, and the number of Buddhist sutras in this volume and the number of volumes are also indicated. The names of the classic works marked before the volume are different from the text, just as the names of a classic work are different or the names and abbreviations are different. The selected texts in each volume are arranged in the order in which they appear in the scriptures. If you don't want to comment on a volume of the Book of Changes, just mark this volume and explain the next volume, such as the second volume (the first volume) of the Paramita Sutra. Or mark one volume as "Not Explained" and then release the next volume. Such as the fifth, sixth and seventh volumes, Xia Yun "has been in the last three volumes without explanation" (Volume I). Another example is the cloud with volume 12 to volume 35, which says, "Since volume 12, we have finished 35 volumes, and it is easy to read without sound training" (1 volume). Although some Sanskrit mantras are wrong, it is difficult to find the original Sanskrit, so it can't be reinterpreted. Huilin also marked them. For example, in the tenth volume of Dabao Jing, it said: "Since then, there have been 25 mantras in the heavens, which have been translated into Chinese by the ancients, losing their sacred meaning and making the sentences obscure and difficult to read. Now I want to turn it over again, because it is difficult to make a detailed decision, and it is based on the scriptures, so as to wait for the later sages. " (Volume 1 1)
* * * Thirteen. In contrast, the tenth volume of Huilin Yi Yin has increased by six volumes compared with Kaiyuan Record, and the order has changed. The sixteenth volume of Huilin Yi Yin is also two more than Kaiyuan Record, and the order has changed. Similar sequence substitution phenomenon has also appeared in other volumes, which will not be described here. When Kao Huilin compiled all the classics, sounds and meanings, Yuan Zhao had compiled Zhenyuan Record on the basis of Kaiyuan Record in the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), which was 182 more Buddhist scriptures than Kaiyuan Tibetan Record. Lu Zhenyuan is the official history at that time, compiled according to the royal official collection at that time, and has certain authority and demonstration function. Because Huilin wants to compile sounds and meanings for everything, she naturally relies on this newly compiled record. According to the comparison of Fang Guangchang's article Huilin Yi Yin with the Tripitaka Sutra, Mahayana Sutra Prajna and Kaiyuan Tibetan Sutra, Zhenyuan Tibetan Sutra and Huilin Yi Yin, Huilin Yi Yin collected less than Zhenyuan Tibetan Sutra. The 16 classics added by Hui Lin Yi Yin are as follows:
Shijiashu, Lijiashu, Sanjiao Shushu, Chongzheng Shushu, Huichao Shushu, Wuxing Magician Shushu, Zhao Lun Shushu, Guanmen Shushu, and Hedo Shushu. It seems that these Sixteen Classics were often read at that time, and should also be included in Ximing Collection, so Huilin will make sense.
The arrangement order of the classics in Kaiyuan Zangzhi, Zhenyuan Zangzhi and Huilin Yi Yin is not only inherited, but also very different. Generally speaking, Huilin did compile all the classics, sounds and meanings on the basis of Zhenyuan's entry into Tibet, but she did not rely entirely on Zhenyuan's entry into Tibet. Instead, she made some choices, omitting some Buddhist scriptures that she didn't think it was necessary to write sounds and meanings, and supplementing some Buddhist scriptures that she thought people often read at that time and it was necessary to write sounds and meanings.
The first catalogue of Buddhist scriptures with definite compilation time in China is the Comprehensive Catalogue of Buddhist Scriptures compiled by Emperor Xiaowu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (372), the Sanzang Collection compiled by eminent monks in the Southern Dynasties, the Three Treasures of Past Dynasties compiled by Fei Changfang in the Sui Dynasty, the Neidian Record compiled by Daoxuan in the Tang Dynasty and the Kaiyuan Record compiled by Zhisheng. Daoxuan's "The Story of Ximing Temple" is a royal catalogue of Tibetan scriptures, which was written in the reign of Xianqing (656-66 1). Yuan Zhao's "Continued Kaiyuan Record" contains three volumes of "Records of Shijing Ximing Temple". Tang Yongtong's Draft of Buddhist History in Sui and Tang Dynasties pointed out that Daoxuan wrote the Records of Ximing Temple, followed by the Records of the Inner Canon of Datang.
According to the records in Fang Guangchang's History of Buddhist Tripitaka P3432, P30 10 and P4664, it is inferred that the Dunhuang Temple is based on the Internal Records, [1 1] and points out that "at this time, there is no unification between Han and Tibetan in China, but the official records are kept by the royal government. [12] thinks that "Xuan Ying Yi Yin, Guangpin Zhangli, Huilin Yi Yin and Kehong Yi Yin are actually the catalogues of Tibetan scriptures before now, and a case study of the above four materials can outline the whole picture of Tibetan scriptures written at that time". [13] The Yi Yin in Hui Lin may be compiled according to the Catalogue of Tibetan Classics in Ximing Temple, and the 1,300 Buddhist scriptures interpreted generally reflect the general situation of Buddhist scriptures entering Tibet in the middle Tang Dynasty. [14] Huilin Yi Yin added some new Buddhist scriptures after compiling Kaiyuan Record and Zhenyuan Record. For example, Shilu can't be found in Kaiyuan Annals, and Lun Heng of Tao Designated Triangle can't be found in Zhenyuan Annals. These Buddhist scriptures can be found in Mingxi Tibetan. Another example is the fifty-fourth volume of Hui Lin's Sound and Meaning, which transcribes three volumes of secret scriptures and one volume of secret methods for treating Zen diseases. Hui Lin noted before these four volumes: "There are four volumes of ancient classics in Xuanyingsheng's instructions, but there is no such classics in Kaiyuan catalogue, so I will not leave them behind. "A cloud is added after the sound and meaning of these four volumes:" Four volumes of Kaiyuan Catalogue have no such classics ". "According to Hui Lin's notes, the secret sutra for the treatment of Zen disease and the secret method for the treatment of Zen disease are not recorded in the Records of Buddhism and Education of Kaiyuan, but in the Catalogue of Tibetan Scriptures according to Xuan Ying. A Textual Research on the Similarities and Differences between Xuan Ying and Huilin's Catalogue of Tibetan Classics and Dunhuang Manuscripts Inner Temple Record, Kaiyuan Record and Zhenyuan Record. The discussion on the Buddhist scriptures supplemented by Huilin Yi Yin and its related sequences can also be used to outline the Tibetan scriptures in the Western Ming and Tang Dynasties. Among Chang 'an temples in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Ximing Temple and Qingyuan Temple have been partially excavated. A temple site with a width of 5 1.5m and a depth of 33m was found at the easternmost end of Ximing Temple. This is a hall with nine rooms wide and six rooms deep. This hall is not the main hall, and with such a scale, it can be inferred that the main hall should be more magnificent. Seiryuji occupies a quarter of Xinchang Square, covering an area of 13.3 hectares. The foundation site of the West Tower Courtyard has been found, which is 98m wide and nearly140m long. There are cloisters around, and there are doors in the north and south direction. The front of the courtyard is the tower foundation, 15 meters square. The back of the hall is 45 meters apart, with a width of 13 and a depth of 5 rooms, with a width of 52 meters and a depth of 20.5 meters. The scale is similar to that of the Hanyuan Hall in Daming Palace in Tang Dynasty.