Pang Pu, words are like wood. China's contemporary famous historian, cultural historian, philosophy historian and Fang Yizhi research expert. Committed to the history of China's philosophy, thought, culture and unearthed bamboo slips. He put forward that China people's thought is unity of three parts rather than binary opposition, which is his most influential theory of one part divided into three parts.
His main works include Research on Dialectics of Confucianism, Collection of Weeds, Nationality and Times of Culture, Debate on China's Thought, and Textual Research on China's Traditional Thought.
Pang Pu believes that we should protect our culture and traditions. If you lose your own culture, you lose the whole nation.
The third World Congress of Confucianism awarded him the highest award in the field of Confucian studies-the Confucius Cultural Award.
"Mr. Pang Pu has a strong cultural awareness. He has warm feelings and respect for the traditional culture of China all his life. " The executive vice president of the Institute of Advanced Studies in Confucianism of Shandong University said that Mr. Pang was the main promoter and leader of the revival of Confucianism in the past 30 years.
Wang Xuedian said that the death of Mr. Pang Pu was a great loss to the study of Confucianism, the history of thought and the traditional culture in China, leaving a gap that would be difficult to fill for a long time.
Observing the world and dealing with problems according to the true trisection of the world is the trisection. -Pang Pu's Trigonometry
..... So, fundamentally, four points can only be said to be three points. -Pang Pu's "Four Saints, Two Emperors and Three Points"
"Four forms and three points":
(1) Three realities, that is, all three are entities. (The three are mutually restrictive or complementary. )
(2) Two realities and one deficiency, that is, two realities and one deficiency. (Mr. Pang Pu cited examples such as "invisible hand", "chicken with three feet" and "Yao and Shun with three eyes")
(3) Two deficiency and one reality.
(4) "head and tail".
[The editor thinks that the first three "three points" are simple three points, and the final "positive and negative combination" is the real three-point method)
"Four forms of the golden mean":
(1)A and b;
(2) replace b with a;
(3) No A, no B;
(4) Both parties.
[Editor's thinking: (1) emphasizes the "identity" of contradiction AB (from the internal "one"), while (2) emphasizes the "unity" of contradiction AB (from the external "one")]
"Three basic ways of unity of opposites":
Bao: The two opposing aspects, A and B, are interrelated in a positive way, forming the unity of A and B. ..
Transcendence: two opposing aspects A and B are related to each other in a negative way, forming a unity of non-A and non-B. (Beyond the opposing sides. )
Introduction: Due to the special nature of opposites, its unitarians mainly control the two aspects of opposites, forming the style of A series ab. For example, good and evil, you can not be unified in the form of "package", which is also good and evil; Nor can it be unified into a "super" form, which is neither good nor evil. Instead, we can only judge by value, control and dominate good and evil by perfection, and form a unified style that is both inclusive and super-style. )
[Editor's note: "Bao" and "Chao" can also be understood as one thing; The final "guidance" can be understood as the "dominant" type of qualitative content. Another example is truth and falsehood, which cannot be unified in the form of "package" or "transcendence", but can be controlled by "absolute truth" according to value judgment; Matter and spirit, or so-called "thinking and existence", can also be dominated by "existence"-here "value judgment" is the concept of "existential world"-which combines matter and spirit into one, thus eliminating the division between materialism and idealism (of course, this division cannot be stopped)]
-China's ancient numbers began with one and ended with ten, and became three. Say from the beginning, not from zero, because it is too late to know that zero is a number; The last ten, of course, is determined by the decimal system. The most interesting and noteworthy is Zheng Yusan. Why did it become three? How to become a three?
The so-called number three means that both the objective world itself and the subjective world begin to understand things, or start from chaos. Then it reveals the opposite ends, or it first notices the two ends in understanding. It is two. Then, because there is a middle between the two ends, we know that the evolution of things in this middle is complete or completely recognized, which is called three. Abstract numbers, that is, from one to two to three, to three, come to an end. Laozi said: Tao gives birth to one, two, three and everything, which means the same thing. He who gives birth to all things, three embodies all things, and all things are one and three.
The fact is that the world is divided into three parts. The middle and the two ends, which originally existed through comparison, were named after identification. People will have a sequence of understanding, and the existence of things is often different, but the fact that one is divided into three is objective and ubiquitous.
However, due to the preconceived dichotomy, people are used to calling it an intermediary, and only regard it as an intermediary link between the two poles or an intermediate stage in the process of things changing; I like to emphasize that all the differences are integrated in the middle stage, and all the opposites are transited through the middle stage; Wait a minute. In other words, China seems to exist only for the sake of two poles, and its position and function are based on its intermediary, ignoring its intermediary foundation and its self-existence. Therefore, they denied the truth of the three points. As we all know, the middle is the middle, just like the left and right. From its relationship, solids are relative; From its existence, it is absolute. The integration of Chinese and Chinese is the expression of its independence from the left and right, and it is by no means the result of its subordination to and dependence on the left and right.
It is precisely because of the preconceived dichotomy that people are used to thinking that the intermediate link is temporary, polarized and eventually comes down to a binary world. Well-known sayings, such as the theory that petty bourgeoisie is divided into bourgeoisie and proletariat on a large scale, continuously and daily, are the most classic. This view is very valuable, because it can observe the world from the change of movement and point out that the boundary of the three points is not dead, but changing, which is undoubtedly very correct; It just forgets that the flow between the middle and the two ends can never be just one-way. Since there can be polarization between the intermediary and the two poles, there will inevitably be convergence between the two poles; Of course, the petty bourgeoisie is divided into the bourgeoisie and the proletariat all the time, and the bourgeoisie and the proletariat are secreting the petty bourgeoisie all the time; Its motives are exactly the same. You know, because of the movement change, the intermediate state, as the intermediate state, must be in a relative relationship with both ends, and form a three-stage whole with * * *; If a paragraph disappears, it means that the whole has completely changed and no longer exists, and it is impossible for any paragraph to exit alone.
There is also a dichotomy that the middle way is evil and must be removed first and then quickly. That is the most dangerous theory of centrism in political theory, and it is also the theory of anti-centrism in literature. This is a standard left-wing infantile disease. We know that children can distinguish simple good from bad, which is a gratifying progress from chaos to order, but children can't distinguish the intermediate connection between good and bad; Although in most cases, the middle is often the majority. From children to adults, we need to go through a difficult growth process. Willing to admit the rationality of the existence of the centrist between the two factions also needs a process.