Wutai refers to the jade platform. In the Han dynasty, there were many crows on the cypress trees outside the jade platform, so it was called Wutai, which also meant that the jade platform was a crow's mouth.
During the period of Northern Song Shenzong, Su Shi expressed his dissatisfaction with the New Deal because he opposed the new law. Because he was the leader of the literary world at that time, allowing Su Shi's poems to spread in the society was very unfavorable to the implementation of the New Deal. So, with Zongshen's acquiescence, Su Shi was arrested in Wutai, and one pass was four months. Due to the practice of not killing literati in Song Dynasty, Su Shi survived his death, but was demoted to Huangzhou League.
In March of the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Dongpo was transferred from Xuzhou to Huzhou, which is on the coast of Taihu Lake. He wrote "Huzhou worships the table", which is actually just a routine. He briefly said that I had no achievements in the past, and then said that the emperor was grateful, but later he made a few complaints:
"Your majesty knows that he is stupid and it is difficult to pursue new progress; See if he's still noisy when he's old, or feed him to the king. " The official gazette of the imperial court is published regularly, which is equivalent to the current official newspaper. As usual, Su Shi's ci is eye-catching. This time, the gratitude table made those "newcomers" a laughing stock in the readers' minds. And they become angry from embarrassment, which is bound to retaliate against Su Shi, and it is also a move to use the new law to seek personal gain and crack down on dissidents. But a word or two from Huzhou Xie Shangbiao is not enough. Coincidentally, Su Zizhan's "Yuanfeng Bachelor Qiantang Collection" was published at that time, which provided an opportunity for newcomers in Yushitai to collect materials. Supervising the trip of Yushi Shushu (reading d m: n) After studying hard in April, I found several poems by Su Shi, and then I played impeachment:
"As for the ulterior motives, I look at resentment and abuse, and there is no scholar's festival at all. Your Majesty Gai gave money (referring to young crops) to the poor in the industry, and then he said,' Winning children's pronunciation is better than half that in the city every year'; Your majesty knows the law and judges the county magistrate with lessons, then he says,' Read thousands of books without reading the law, so that you know nothing'; Your Majesty built water conservancy projects and said,' If the East China Sea is clear, brine (saline-alkali land) will be turned into mulberry fields'; If your majesty wants to ban salt, he says,' Did Wen Shao forget the taste and eat without salt in March'; Other things that touch things are what they should say, and they are all based on slander. "
The examples he cited, "Win" and "Be It" came from Five Mussels in the Mountain Village; The word "East China Sea" comes from tide watching in August 15. The word "reading" comes from "actor's career". But after being taken out of context, every sentence is on the line.
Immediately, Dr. Li Yizhi, the country's prince, and Li Ding, an imperial adviser, were killed with their front and back feet. They listed Su Shi's crimes and claimed that they must be beheaded for being rude to the imperial court. Li Ding listed four reasons why Su Shi should be executed. He said: "Su Shi was notorious for his lack of academic knowledge at the beginning. He occasionally studies different subjects, so he went to the Confucian Museum. " Then he said that Su Shi was eager to get a high position, and under his dissatisfaction, he was contemptuous of power. Third, the emperor tolerated him for a long time and hoped that he would turn over a new leaf, but Su Shi refused. Finally, although the poems written by Su Shi are absurd and shallow, they have great influence on the whole country. "I want to enforce the law in advance, and my duty is to picket. How dare I stop? " I hope your majesty will break away from his natural desires, make special efforts to abide by the constitution, not be particularly embarrassed and obedient, but also restrain his loyalty and kindness. His likes and dislikes will be clear, and his customs will be reformed. "This Ding Li was called" worse than an animal "by Sima Guang for concealing his mother's funeral, and Su Shi also mocked him for being" unfilial ". Although everyone wanted Su Shi to die, Zongshen didn't want to kill him, but agreed to arrest him instead of putting Su Shi in prison for the night on his way to Beijing.
At this time, Wang Shen, a good friend of Su Shi, printed Su Shi's poems. When he heard the news, he quickly sent someone to deliver a letter to Su Zhe in the south. Su Zhe immediately sent someone to tell Su Shi that the imperial court also sent Huangfu Zun to start, but Su Zhe's people arrived first. When Su Shi learned the news, he immediately asked for leave. Zutong sentenced him to be the satrap.
When Huangfu Zun arrived, the people in the prefect's office panicked and didn't know what would happen. Su Shi dared not come out, so he consulted with the judge. The judge said it was useless to avoid the imperial envoys. You'd better greet him politely, and you should appear as an official. So Su Shi put on official clothes and boots and went to see your official Huang Fuzun.
Su Shi first spoke: "I know that if I offend the court in many ways, it will definitely be a capital crime." It's not a pity to die, but please let me go back to my family. "
Huangfu Zun said indifferently, "It's not that serious." Ordered the soldiers to open the official document. At first glance, it turned out to be just an ordinary official document, exempting Su Shi from being called to Beijing as a satrap, and demanding that Su Shi leave immediately. When Su Shi went back to visit her family, the whole family cried. Su Shi smiled and told them a story to comfort them:
"In the era of Song Zhenzong, the emperor wanted to visit the real scholars between nymphs. Someone recommended Yang Pu to come out. Although Yang didn't want to, he sent someone to escort him to the capital to see the emperor. The emperor asked, "I heard that you can write poetry?" Yang Pu replied,' I won't. He tried to hide his talent and refused to be an official. The emperor asked again, "Did your friend give you some poems when he gave them to you?" Yang Pu replied, "No, only my humble Jing wrote one." The emperor asked again, "What poem is this?" Can you tell me? So Yang Pu read out the poem written by his wife when she left: Don't be depressed and greedy for wine glasses, and don't be infatuated with poetry. I'm going to the general's office today, and this time I'm going to ruin my old scalp. "
Hearing this story, the family breathed a little sigh of relief.
All the prefects were scared to death and all hid. Only the Wang brothers and Chen held a farewell party. But the people came out to see the satrap leave, and the county annals recorded that the people were in tears. Su Shi tried to commit suicide by diving while passing through Yangzhou River and Taihu Lake. He doesn't know what to sentence, and he is afraid that his case will involve many friends. On second thought, if I really jump into the water, it will bring trouble to my brother. Otherwise, future generations will not see "Red Cliff Nostalgia" and "Red Wall Fu". Most of the letters and manuscripts of him and his friends were burned at home. When his family arrived in Suxian County, Anhui Province, Yu Shitai sent someone to look for Su Shi's poems, letters and other documents in their luggage. Later, Su Shi found that only one-third of his manuscript survived.
Su Shi was arrested on July 28th and taken to Yushitai prison on August18th. On the 20th, he was formally arraigned.
Su Shi first reported his age, lineage, native place and year of imperial examination, and then described his previous official position and the people who recommended him as an official. He said that since he became an official, he has recorded two major mistakes. On one occasion, Ren Fengxiang was sentenced to eight catties of bronze for failing to attend the Qiu Guan ceremony because of disagreement with Shangguan. Another time, when he was in Hangzhou, he was fined eight pounds for misappropriating public funds. In addition, don't have bad records.
At first, Su Shi wrote in Five Wonders of Mountain Villages when he visited a village near Hangzhou that "winning children's pronunciation is good, and they have been in town for a year and a half" is a satire on the young seedling method. "I didn't forget the taste after listening to Shao's words, but I didn't eat salt in recent March" is a satire on the salt method. Other than that, the rest has nothing to do with current affairs.
On the 22nd, Yushitai questioned him about the meaning of the sentence "If there is a clear mind in the East China Sea, it is time to teach brine to become a mulberry field" in "Watching Tides" in August 15. He was forced to press the tone of Shu Qi on 24th, saying it was "the irony of imperial water conservancy". As for the poem "Actor by", it was not until 28th that it was interpreted as violating the theme of "emerging laws in the imperial court".
By September, Yushitai had copied a large number of poems sent by Su Shi from all directions. During the interrogation, he read more than 100 songs, involving 39 people, among whom Sima Guang was the highest official. The year after Wang Anshi's strike (1077), Su Shi gave Sima Guang a poem "Paradise Alone": "What does a gentleman do alone? You can cultivate yourself from all directions. Children recite the way of the monarch, and a single soldier knows Sima. Mr. Fu Zhangxiao has been dumb for several years. " In fact, Sima Guang re-entered the phase and created public opinion. Yushitai said that this poem satirizes the new law. Su Shi admits: "This poem is full of hope that Sima Guang will be in power and edify the world. It is ridiculous to see him in power. He also said that children's chess pieces all know their surnames and should eventually be put into use ... He also said that he is dumb and hopes to attack the new law according to his previous words. "
Although "the charge was established", the new law was abolished at that time and it could not be severely punished for this crime, so Yushitai looked for it again. I found two poems that answered Huang Tingjian in harmony, which denounced the "newcomers", and a poem that Tang Village opened a canal and supervised the service in the rain, which criticized the "troublemakers". The former was sung by Huang Tingjian, while the latter was presented to his friend Wang Shen.
The poem "Harmony" says: "Oracle bones lie in the wind and rain, and treat me well. The abbot is in front of the battle, and the jade food is miserable. " Su Shi himself explained that in the first four sentences, the villain despised the gentleman, for example, bitter vegetables robbed the beautiful valley, followed by the fact that the gentleman and the villain each had their own time, for example, Xia Yue mosquitoes flew freely, and autumn came, and Huang Tingjian was like a "flat peach", which was too late to use; It is useless to compare yourself with "Kumei". Take the Book of Songs as a cloud: "Worry is quiet, and the group is small." Are mocking the people who are being used today as villains. Su Shi skillfully used the words "quietly" and "embarrassed" to cover up the meaning of "small group". But not many people know the mystery of the author's explanation.
The poem "Tang Village" said: "If you don't do it for an official, you will be envious of your long Qing. Hu didn't come back and left, but he was embarrassed to understand. Salt is urgent, who can sympathize with farming? Qiu Xiao encouraged, ten thousand fingers. Rain helps politics, and clothes are soaked. People are like ducks and pigs, throwing mud and splashing water. Get on and off the barren embankment and look around the lake. There is not enough thread to compete with cattle and sheep. Although back in the game is humiliated, is this a loss that is mired in mud? If you send a message to an old friend in the mountains, be careful not to get tired of soup. " Su Shi also admitted that he was really dissatisfied with the salt officials opening the salt river in Tangcun, such as "the fields are not full, which hinders farming", "there are sand and stones spewing for miles in the middle of the river" and "it is as hard as ducks and pigs for agriculture and non-agriculture. * It is also a crime to speak out under accusation.
These poems presented to Huang Tingjian, Wang Shen and others became sensational news for a while. Shu Chu and others took the opportunity to hit people when they were down, encouraging the Deputy Prime Minister to report Su Shi's poem "Wang Fuxiu lives in Shuangbi". As the poem says, "It is not surprising that the noble spirit dares to deceive, and it goes straight into the sky. The root is in the grave, there is no bend, only the dragon knows. " Wang (Tugui) falsely said, "Your Majesty's flying dragon is in the sky, but I thought I didn't know his friends and wanted to stab the dragon underground. Why not be a minister? " Zong Shen calmly replied: "The poet's words are encore? He is singing to himself. Why do you expect me? " Soon, the jailer asked Su Shi about chanting, and Su Shi cleverly replied: "Wang Anshi's poem' Watching the rain in the world, I don't know the dragon circling around it', this dragon is also." The jailer smiled knowingly. Those who claimed to support Wang Anshi's political reform even forgot Wang Anshi's Panlong.
The accusation against Su Shi is far-fetched, and the poem just recited is an example. In addition, Su Shi mentioned the bitter seeds of eating and living together in the Preface to Post-life when he was the magistrate of Mizhou. The proposal holds that the author is directly satirizing the poverty of the people of the whole country, especially the meager salary paid by the court to officials. "Born blind and ignorant of grandchildren" is a satire on the superficial ignorance of imperial examination candidates, who only know Wang Anshi's comments on classics in Three Classics and New Meanings.
Su Shi confessed to most of the accusations and criticized the New Deal in his poems.
In a poem to Wang Shen, there is a line of "flogging and groaning". He said that "there is no way to save the country" and he also mentioned that "it is difficult for a tiger to rub its hands" is a symbol of political greed. In a poem to Chang Li, he really said that in Mizhou, he "shed tears and picked up abandoned children with the city" and saw the bodies of men, women and infants starved to death by the roadside. In a poem for Sun Jue, there is a line that they don't talk about politics when they meet. It is really agreed at a banquet that whoever talks about politics will be fined a glass of wine. The poem written to Ceng Gong said that he hated those small politicians who were "deaf as cicadas". In his poem to Zhang, he compared the imperial court to "the chaos of the barren forest" and "the chaos of the wild frog", and he said that he "wanted to cover his ears". In his poem to Fan Zhen, he bluntly said "villain" and gave it to Zhouyi.
(b: n)' s poem compares the person in power to a "shark". When his friend Liu Shu left Beijing, Su Shi wrote two poems for him:
"If you dare to tell on qing, it is intolerable. You can talk to Dong Jun directly. Sitting and talking is enough to make Gu Huainan afraid. When you return to the northern sky, you don't have to be surprised by the crane alone, and the birds can't tell the difference. "
"Righteousness is a shortcut, and poetry is a pavilion. Praise each other, or you will recite wheat and green. Why is the rotten mouse so scared? Gao Hong is a ghost. You don't need to shout crazy, you have to wake up after drinking. "
The last sentence of the last song is taken from the Book of Songs, which means that there are only a group of crows in the court, and it is difficult to tell good from bad. The latter song expresses disdain for the villain's struggle for power and position. These will undoubtedly anger the small Yushitai Group, who came to persecute Su Shi, so the latter's prison life will not be easy.
Su Shi wrote "Sending a Son to Prison", saying that "the dream is like a cloud mountain around a deer, and the soul is like a chicken flying to the fire of life", which is terrible. Interrogators often abuse him all night. Under great mental pressure, Su Shi wrote a solemn and stirring poem, "Being brothers with you for generations, and then coming without cause". After Su Shi went to prison, his life and death were uncertain, and he was frightened several times a day. While waiting for the final verdict, his son Mai Su went to the prison to bring him meals every day. Because the father and son can't meet, they make an appointment in the dark: they usually only send vegetables and meat, and if there is bad news about the death penalty, they will send fish instead, so that they can make preparations early. One day, because Mai Su ran out of money, he needed to borrow it, so he entrusted a friend to deliver food for Su Shi, but forgot to tell his friend the secret agreement. It happened that that friend sent a smoked fish to Su Shi when he was delivering dinner that day. Su Shi was shocked and thought that he was ill-fated, so he wrote two farewell poems for his brother Su Zhe with extreme sadness. One of them is: "the Lord is like the sky, and everything is spring, and the little minister is stupid and dies secretly." It's even more tiring to pay off debts after a hundred years. Buried bones are green hills, and rain alone hurts the body. It is more important to be a lifelong brother with the military adviser. " Second: "The white frost is sad at night, and the wind is low on the moon. The dream is like a deer around Yunshan, and the soul is like a chicken. The rhinoceros horn on the forehead is really a gentleman, and the cows behind him are ashamed of their old age. Where is the centenarian wandering? Tongxiang should be in western Zhejiang. " After the poem was written, the jailer gave it to Emperor Zongshen according to the regulations. Song Shenzong admired Su Shi's talent and didn't mean to kill him. He just wanted to dissuade Su Shi. After reading these two poems by Su Shi, I was very moved, but I couldn't help being impressed by such talent. In addition, many people in the dynasty pleaded for Su Shi, and Wang Anshi also advised Zongshen that it was inappropriate for the Holy Dynasty to punish celebrities, so Zongshen ordered Su Shi to be lenient and demoted to assistant minister of Yong Lian in Huangzhoutuan. The sensational Wutai Poetry Case ended, and Su Shi's two "Desperate Poems" were widely circulated.
result
10 15, Yushitai reported the trial of Su Shi's poetry case, collected tens of thousands of words of Su Shi's confession materials, and found out the list of people who collected Su Shi's satirical words, including Sima Guang, Fan Zhen, Zhang, Su Zhe, Huang Tingjian and other 29 ministers and celebrities. Shu Qi, Wang (terrapin) and others tried to kill Su Shi, but the gods hesitated for a moment, and Mao had already vowed not to kill the minister except for the crime of rebellion.
At the same time, honest people also help each other. Wu Chong, the Prime Minister, bluntly said, "Your Majesty takes Yao and Shun as the law, but Wei Wu has doubts about this, but he can tolerate Mi Fei. Why can't your majesty tolerate Su Shi? " Wang Anshi, who has retired to Jinling, wrote: "With the holy world, what about killing talents?" Even Queen Cao, who was seriously ill, intervened: "In those days, Renzong was very happy to be virtuous and returned, saying,' Now he has got two Taiping prime ministers for his children'. Can I kill Gai Shi and Zhe Ye? " Su Shi was not convicted of a felony, and these people who were rescued by the parts made great contributions. Otherwise, China will lose an artistic genius who shines through the ages and is a poet, painter and calligrapher.
However, the people of Yushitai are also acting wildly, and they are ready to eliminate those who oppose the new law. Li Ding wrote a letter asking the Queen Mother not to pardon those who participated in the national mourning. Shu and Chu are more cruel. He demanded the execution of Sima Guang, Fan Zhen, Zhang, Chang Li and five other friends of Su Shi.
1Feb. 29th, the imperial edict was issued, and Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou and served as the deputy envoy of Yongtuan, but he was not allowed to leave here without permission and had no right to sign official documents. As a result, Li Ding and others were naturally disappointed.
In February of the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) as an assistant ambassador because of Wutai poetry case, and his position was equivalent to that of today's deputy minister of the county armed forces. He had no right to sign bills, and he was lonely and poor. In April of the third year, Su Shi wrote a poem and a book "Cold Food Sticker", which made people cry, wrote desolate feelings and expressed melancholy and loneliness. The whole calligraphy is full of ups and downs, brilliant and unrestrained, and there is no shortage of pens. Known as the "third running script in the world", it is now in the Palace Museum in Taiwan.
victim
Among the people involved, three were severely punished. Xu was deprived of all official titles because he leaked secrets to Su Shi and had frequent contacts with him, and did not hand over Su Shi's poems in time during the investigation. Secondly, Wang Gong, possessed by the suggestion, was sent to the northwest. The third is Ziyou. He once wrote to the court to pardon his brother, and he was willing to repay all his official positions to atone for his brother. He didn't receive any serious slanderous poems, but he was demoted because of his family relationship and transferred to Gao 'an and Renyun State Wine Supervisor.
Others, Zhang and other officials were fined 30 Jin of copper coins, while Sima Guang, Fan Zhen, Su Shi and other friends of 18 were each fined 20 Jin of copper coins.
The poetry case is finally over. On the day of his release from prison, Su Shi wrote two more poems, one of which was: "I was tired after writing all my life, and my reputation was not lost." The horse went to another day, and there was no war in the east of the city. "If it is checked by the imperial history, he has committed the crime of disrespecting the emperor again." Chicken "refers to Jia Chang. When Jia Chang was old, he told people that when he was a teenager, he was favored by the emperor of the Tang Dynasty because of cockfighting, and he served as a court jester and actor. This can be extended to the fact that the villains in power in the court are court jesters and actors, which is also slander!