Question 2: What are the manifestations of cor pulmonale? Pulmonary heart disease is a heart disease caused by chronic bronchitis, obstructive emphysema, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma and pneumoconiosis, which leads to right ventricular hypertrophy and even develops into right heart failure. Due to the slow development of the disease, it often takes years or decades to develop into cor pulmonale, so it is more common in the elderly and is a systemic disease caused by cardiopulmonary dysfunction. The main clinical symptoms of cor pulmonale are different degrees of long-term cough, expectoration and dyspnea, especially after exercise or in cold season. During the compensatory period of cardiopulmonary function, patients may have no symptoms when they are quiet, and once they are slightly active, they will have symptoms such as shortness of breath, shortness of breath, palpitation, precordial pain, fatigue and chest tightness. Clinical manifestations (1) Main symptoms of respiratory tract: Chronic tracheitis and emphysema are the main causes of pulmonary heart disease. Cough, expectoration and shortness of breath are the main symptoms in the early stage of cor pulmonale. Every cold season, the disease is prone to acute attack, cough intensifies, sputum increases and turns yellow. After the control of acute attack turned to remission, the cough was relieved, the amount of sputum was reduced, and the sputum turned from yellow to white and became thinner. When the disease continues to progress, the degree of emphysema is aggravated, and the symptoms of shortness of breath gradually appear in clinic. At first, I felt short of breath when I was active, and my endurance decreased at work. Gradually, I feel short of breath with a little activity in my daily life. In severe cases, I feel short of breath even when I lie on my back. In severe dyspnea, the patient is forced to sit up, which is called sitting breathing. (2) Symptoms of respiratory failure: Respiratory failure is mainly caused by severe hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention, which is the late manifestation of pulmonary insufficiency. Generally speaking, pulmonary heart disease has hypoxia first, then carbon dioxide retention, and the symptoms of the two often cross each other, and finally the two merge. The main symptoms of chronic hypoxia are shortness of breath, chest tightness, palpitation, loss of appetite, fatigue and cyanosis; There are no symptoms in the early stage of carbon dioxide retention, but when the partial pressure of carbon dioxide exceeds 60 mm Hg, most of them first have symptoms such as head swelling, headache, hyperhidrosis, and then nervous system symptoms, such as insomnia at night, drowsiness during the day, hallucinations, trance and other precursor symptoms of pulmonary encephalopathy. (3) Symptoms of heart failure: The main symptom is right heart failure, and the early symptoms are cough, shortness of breath, palpitation and mild edema of lower limbs and ankles. When the right heart failure is aggravated, there are obvious digestive tract symptoms such as dyspnea, oliguria, epigastric pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Heart rate continues to accelerate, cyanosis, hepatomegaly and edema are aggravated, and ascites can be seen. (4) Complications: Gastrointestinal mucosal erosion, necrosis, oozing blood caused by hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention or ulcer induced by long-term use of hormones can cause hematemesis, bloody stool and pulmonary encephalopathy, which is often a sign of poor prognosis. Shock and blood pressure drop may occur due to severe infection or heart failure. It can also be caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation, leading to bleeding of skin and mucosa and bleeding in other parts. Renal insufficiency can further aggravate the original oliguria and edema. Acid-base imbalance can cause thirst, oliguria, neurological and digestive symptoms, and some may have arrhythmia. The diagnosis (1) begins with the history and clinical manifestations of primary diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema or other lung and chest diseases. Such as long-term or intermittent cough, expectoration, wheezing, fever and other symptoms. (2) In the primary disease, the ventilation function and/or ventilation function are seriously damaged, leading to hypoxia and/or carbon dioxide retention, leading to pulmonary insufficiency or respiratory failure. (3) Patients with pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular enlargement or cardiac insufficiency confirmed by physical examination, electrocardiogram, X-ray and echocardiography (one of which is enough) have been excluded from similar manifestations caused by other diseases (such as rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease).
Question 3: What food does cor pulmonale eat? It is a good method to prevent and treat pulmonary heart disease from diet. The ancients said that food can nourish people and cause diseases, and reasonable diet therapy can play a role in harmonizing qi and blood, strengthening the body resistance and preventing and treating various diseases; On the contrary, improper diet can cause many diseases, so diet should follow certain principles. So, what food should I eat if I have cor pulmonale? What kind of eating habits should patients with cor pulmonale pay attention to? I'll introduce you today! The basic principles that patients with cor pulmonale should pay attention to: (1) Pay attention to the harmony of five flavors and avoid spicy. Diet can be divided into five flavors: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty. Patients must understand some dietary taboos. For example, people with dyspnea and cough should avoid spicy food, people with cardiac insufficiency should eat a low-salt diet, and patients with hypertension and arteriosclerosis should eat a low-fat diet. Then reconcile the five flavors and cook your favorite dishes to increase your appetite. (2) Diet should be moderate. Because of the long course of cor pulmonale, the consumption is high, and the right heart failure leads to gastrointestinal congestion (3) The diet should be light vegetarian. There is a proverb: fish makes a fire, meat produces phlegm, and radish keeps you safe. Talking about the way of keeping in good health, patients with cor pulmonale should also pay attention to eating more light food. Because patients with cor pulmonale have poor physical strength and little activity, they are prone to constipation, and because of digestive dysfunction, eating meat is not easy to digest. Patients with cor pulmonale must pay attention to diet. A good and reasonable diet is good for everyone. Believe that my introduction today will also benefit you a lot. I wish patients with cor pulmonale a speedy recovery!
Question 4: What are the physiological factors of cor pulmonale (30%)?
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the obstruction of small airways leads to ventilation disorder. Pulmonary infection, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and emphysema can destroy the blood gas barrier structure of the lung, reduce the gas exchange area, and lead to ventilation dysfunction. The partial pressure of alveolar gas and oxygen decreases (hypoxia), and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases, causing pulmonary arteriole spasm (hypoxia can interfere with the exchange of potassium and sodium ions in vascular smooth muscle cell membrane, promote mast cells to release vasoactive substances, and cause pulmonary arteriole spasm).
Disease factors (30%):
Restrictive lung diseases, such as thoracic lesions, spinal curvature, pleural fibrosis, thoracoplasty, etc., can not only cause restrictive ventilation disorders, but also compress larger pulmonary vessels and distort them, resulting in increased pulmonary circulation resistance and pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary vascular diseases, such as repeated pulmonary embolism and primary pulmonary vascular diseases, will also reduce the area of pulmonary vascular bed, leading to increased pulmonary circulation resistance and pulmonary hypertension.
Physical factors (30%):
Hypoxia can also lead to the change of pulmonary vascular configuration, make pulmonary arteriole media hypertrophy and muscular arteriole, thus leading to the increase of pulmonary circulation resistance and pulmonary hypertension.
The pulmonary circulation resistance increases, the smooth muscle of pulmonary arteriole wall increases, and the right ventricular myocytes become adaptive hypertrophy, but the adaptive ability of right ventricular myocytes is limited. When the right ventricular load increases by 2 ~ 3.5 times, it is easy to dilate the heart cavity. Therefore, cor pulmonale can be regarded as the adaptive response of pulmonary arterioles and right ventricle to the increase of pulmonary circulation resistance and pressure caused by chronic lung disease, and it belongs to a special heart disease.
Question 5: What is the best way to treat cor pulmonale? Since the vast majority of cor pulmonale is the result of chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma complicated with emphysema, active prevention of these diseases is the fundamental measure to avoid cor pulmonale. Patients with cor pulmonale should be treated separately in remission and acute stage. Respiratory failure is a common cause of respiratory tract infection and should be actively controlled. Introduction: Treatment in remission stage is the key to prevent the development of cor pulmonale. In the acute stage, we should pay attention to controlling the disease and relieving the symptoms of patients. Because of the long course of disease, treatment also requires special patience and care. At present, there is no particularly new treatment.
Question 6: What is the root cause of cor pulmonale? Lung disease, emphysema
Question 7: Pulmonary heart disease depends on respiratory medicine. Pulmonary heart disease is a heart disease caused by bad lungs, which means that lung disease is the main disease, so you can't stay in cardiology, because there are many things about oxygen consumption and medication, which may cause more serious accidents. For example, the flow requirements of pulmonary heart disease when inhaling oxygen are quite strict, and it is best to stay in respiratory medicine.
Question 8: What is cor pulmonale? Pulmonary heart disease is also called pulmonary heart disease. Patients with cor pulmonale are usually elderly. Pulmonary heart disease is mainly pulmonary hypertension caused by bronchial-lung tissue or pulmonary vascular disease. According to domestic statistics in recent years, the average prevalence rate of cor pulmonale is 0.4 1%-0.47%, and the proportion of this disease in hospitalized heart disease is 38.5%~46%. Most of the patients are over 40 years old, and there is no significant difference between men and women. The prevalence rate is higher in cold areas, plateau areas, humid areas and rural areas, and it increases with age. Acute attacks are more common in winter and spring, and common diseases are respiratory infections. Acute respiratory infection is often the inducement of acute attack, which often leads to lung and heart failure and high mortality. After years of research and development, the in-hospital mortality rate of cor pulmonale has obviously decreased. Pulmonary heart disease can be divided into acute and chronic according to the severity and course of disease, and chronic is more common in clinic. Chronic pulmonary heart disease develops slowly. In addition to the original symptoms and signs of lung and chest diseases, there are mainly signs of organ damage such as lung and heart failure. Acute cor pulmonale is mainly caused by embolus of venous system or right heart entering pulmonary circulation, which causes extensive embolism of pulmonary trunk or its branches. At the same time, it is complicated with extensive pulmonary arteriole spasm, which hinders pulmonary circulation, causes pulmonary artery pressure to rise rapidly, and leads to right ventricular dilatation and right heart failure. There are some complications of cor pulmonale, the most common ones are acid-base imbalance and electrolyte disorder, including gastrointestinal bleeding and shock, liver and kidney dysfunction and pulmonary encephalopathy, as well as some rare complications such as spontaneous pneumothorax and disseminated intravascular coagulation, with high mortality. When the patient goes to the hospital for examination, the doctor can make a diagnosis through ECG, X-ray examination, vectorcardiogram examination, echocardiography examination, pulmonary impedance rheogram and its differential diagram examination, blood gas analysis, blood examination and other examinations. Pulmonary heart disease is often repeated and gradually aggravated with the damage of lung function. Most of them have poor prognosis, and the mortality rate is about 10%- 15%. However, active treatment can prolong the survival time of patients and improve their quality of life. If the diagnosis of cor pulmonale is found and the condition is acute, it must be actively rescued. Stay in bed and take oxygen; Severe chest pain can be subcutaneously injected with pethidine 50- 100mg or papaverine 30-60mg. Anti-shock therapy for patients with shock. Vasodilators, such as benzoxazoline, isoproterenol, dopamine and m-hydroxylamine, can be selected appropriately. If pulmonary hypertension is obvious and blood pressure does not drop, sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin or other calcium antagonists can be used. In the case of right heart failure, lanatoside C or toxin lanatoside K can be used for intravenous injection. The above briefly introduces cor pulmonale, and I believe everyone has a certain understanding.
Question 9: What are the manifestations of cor pulmonale? Pulmonary heart disease is a heart disease caused by chronic bronchitis, obstructive emphysema, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma and pneumoconiosis, which leads to right ventricular hypertrophy and even develops into right heart failure. Due to the slow development of the disease, it often takes years or decades to develop into cor pulmonale, so it is more common in the elderly and is a systemic disease caused by cardiopulmonary dysfunction. The main clinical symptoms of cor pulmonale are different degrees of long-term cough, expectoration and dyspnea, especially after exercise or in cold season. During the compensatory period of cardiopulmonary function, patients may have no symptoms when they are quiet, and once they are slightly active, they will have symptoms such as shortness of breath, shortness of breath, palpitation, precordial pain, fatigue and chest tightness. Clinical manifestations (1) Main symptoms of respiratory tract: Chronic tracheitis and emphysema are the main causes of pulmonary heart disease. Cough, expectoration and shortness of breath are the main symptoms in the early stage of cor pulmonale. Every cold season, the disease is prone to acute attack, cough intensifies, sputum increases and turns yellow. After the control of acute attack turned to remission, the cough was relieved, the amount of sputum was reduced, and the sputum turned from yellow to white and became thinner. When the disease continues to progress, the degree of emphysema is aggravated, and the symptoms of shortness of breath gradually appear in clinic. At first, I felt short of breath when I was active, and my endurance decreased at work. Gradually, I feel short of breath with a little activity in my daily life. In severe cases, I feel short of breath even when I lie on my back. In severe dyspnea, the patient is forced to sit up, which is called sitting breathing. (2) Symptoms of respiratory failure: Respiratory failure is mainly caused by severe hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention, which is the late manifestation of pulmonary insufficiency. Generally speaking, pulmonary heart disease has hypoxia first, then carbon dioxide retention, and the symptoms of the two often cross each other, and finally the two merge. The main symptoms of chronic hypoxia are shortness of breath, chest tightness, palpitation, loss of appetite, fatigue and cyanosis; There are no symptoms in the early stage of carbon dioxide retention, but when the partial pressure of carbon dioxide exceeds 60 mm Hg, most of them first have symptoms such as head swelling, headache, hyperhidrosis, and then nervous system symptoms, such as insomnia at night, drowsiness during the day, hallucinations, trance and other precursor symptoms of pulmonary encephalopathy. (3) Symptoms of heart failure: The main symptom is right heart failure, and the early symptoms are cough, shortness of breath, palpitation and mild edema of lower limbs and ankles. When the right heart failure is aggravated, there are obvious digestive tract symptoms such as dyspnea, oliguria, epigastric pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Heart rate continues to accelerate, cyanosis, hepatomegaly and edema are aggravated, and ascites can be seen. (4) Complications: Gastrointestinal mucosal erosion, necrosis, oozing blood caused by hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention or ulcer induced by long-term use of hormones can cause hematemesis, bloody stool and pulmonary encephalopathy, which is often a sign of poor prognosis. Shock and blood pressure drop may occur due to severe infection or heart failure. It can also be caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation, leading to bleeding of skin and mucosa and bleeding in other parts. Renal insufficiency can further aggravate the original oliguria and edema. Acid-base imbalance can cause thirst, oliguria, neurological and digestive symptoms, and some may have arrhythmia. The diagnosis (1) begins with the history and clinical manifestations of primary diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema or other lung and chest diseases. Such as long-term or intermittent cough, expectoration, wheezing, fever and other symptoms. (2) In the primary disease, the ventilation function and/or ventilation function are seriously damaged, leading to hypoxia and/or carbon dioxide retention, leading to pulmonary insufficiency or respiratory failure. (3) Patients with pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular enlargement or cardiac insufficiency confirmed by physical examination, electrocardiogram, X-ray and echocardiography (one of which is enough) have been excluded from similar manifestations caused by other diseases (such as rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease).
Question 10: What is the disease of cor pulmonale? Heart disease caused by lung disease can be treated with Chinese medicine. Is the patient yourself? How long have you been ill?