My life is limited, but so is my knowledge. With the limit, there is no limit, and it is almost there; Knowing what you already know is almost enough. Good has no near name, and evil has no near punishment. The Governor thinks that classics can preserve our health, nurture our life, support our loved ones and last for several years.
My skilled hands, my shoulders, my feet, my knees and my knife are all in harmony. Mulberry dance is a classic first encounter.
Wen said, "Hey, good! Is this the end of skills? My master put a knife to me and said, "I am a good minister and my way is advanced." "When the first minister solved the cow, all he saw was the whole cow. I haven't seen all the cows for three years.
At this time, I saw God instead of looking at him. Zhi Zhi was an official and wanted to do something. Heaven naturally criticizes and guides the big. Technology and experience are not bad, but the situation is very bad! A good man is a better cutter; There are many knives and many folds in the family month.
Today, I killed thousands of cows with my sword for nineteen years, but if the blade is new. There is a gap between people for a while, but the blade is not thick; Without thickness, there will be space, and there will be room for recovery. So, if the blade was newly developed in 19.
Although, as for the competition, I think it is difficult, it is a warning that it is too late to act now. The knife is very small and easy to solve, such as the soil commission. Stand with a knife, look around, be ambitious about it, and hide it with a good knife. Wen said, "Good! I have listened to my master, so I must keep healthy. 」
Wen Wenxuan was surprised to see the right teacher and said, "Who is it?" Is it evil? Heaven and man? Said: "Heaven is not human. Heaven is born unique, and people's appearance is both.
Therefore, it is inhuman to know its nature. "Ze pheasant pecks ten steps, drinks a hundred steps, and leaves no livestock in the fan. Although God is king, he is not good.
Dead, Qin hung up and came out in three days. Disciple said, "It is evil not to be friends with Master." Said, "Of course." "But, you hang up, what can you do?" Said, "Of course. At first I thought he was a man, but now he is not. Hanging to me, there are old people crying, such as crying their sons; Crying less is like crying mom.
Needless to say, he will do it. If you don't cry, you cry. This is to escape from heaven and forget your punishment. At the right time, so is the master; Appropriate, the master is also suitable. Peace sometimes goes smoothly, but joys and sorrows cannot enter. The ancients said it was the emperor's solution to the county. 」
It means that poverty is the wage, fire is spreading, and I don't know what to do.
My life is limited, but my knowledge is infinite. It is really dangerous to pursue infinite knowledge with limited life! There is danger, but also the persistent pursuit of knowledge, then there is nothing but danger.
Do what the world calls good without coveting fame and fortune, and do what the world calls evil without facing the humiliation of punishment. For the purpose of following the nihility of nature, protect life, preserve nature, save opportunities for new life and enjoy the rest of your life.
My master is Wen Zai Niu, and all kinds of movements, such as touching his shoulders and stepping on his knees, creaking the separation of cattle's flesh and blood, and rushing into the knife to solve the cow's problem, are in line with the rhythm of music and coordinated with the rhythm of the dance of mulberry trees and the song of the capital.
Wen Huijun said, "Oh, great! How can your skills be so superb? 」
I put down the butcher knife and replied, "I like pottery, which is beyond the scope of technology." When I first slaughtered the cow, all I saw was the whole cow. Three years later, I have never seen the whole cow again.
Now when I slaughter cattle, I get information with my heart, and I don't need to look with my eyes. The function of vision has stopped, but the mind is still working. According to the physiological structure of cattle, chop the knife into the big gap between bones and muscles, and then introduce the knife into the gap between joints.
Because the knife is used completely according to the original structure of the cow body, even the places where the meridians are connected and the bones are staggered will not touch, let alone the big bones!
Good chefs change a knife every year, because they cut with a knife; Generally, chefs change knives once a month, because they cut with knives. My knife has been used for 19 years, killing thousands of cows, but the blade is still as good as when I first opened it.
There are gaps between the joints of cattle, but the blade is so thin that there is no thickness. If you use a blade with no thickness to cut a seam with a gap, it should be wide and have enough space for the blade to move.
So this knife has been used for 19 years, just like when it was first opened. Even so, every time I touch the place where the bones and muscles are knotted and see that it is difficult to start, I am still afraid of vigilance, staring at it and slowing down.
Although the knife was light, the whole cow immediately disintegrated with a clash, just like the earth piled up. I stood up with a knife, looked around, carefree and satisfied, then wiped it clean and put it away. 」
Wen Huijun said, "Well, after listening to me, I know the truth of keeping in good health. 」
The official document announced that he was surprised to see the right teacher and said, "Who is this? Why only one foot? Is this natural or artificial? Then he said, "This is natural, not man-made. When nature created him, he had only one foot. People's looks are endowed by nature, which means they are naturally generated, not man-made. 」
The pheasant in the grass can only take ten steps to get a bite of food and one hundred steps to get a sip of water, but it doesn't want to be locked in a cage. Although it is proud in the cage, it is not happy.
When he died, Qin lost his mourning, cried three times and left.
The disciple asked, "Isn't he a friend of the teacher? 」
The answer is: "Yes. 」
"So, so mourning? 」
Qin Shi said, "Yes. I thought Lao Dan was the man I imagined, but now I know he isn't. I went in to offer my condolences just now. An old man is crying for him, just like crying for his son.
There are young people crying for him, just like crying for their mother. He invited such mourners because he didn't have to mourn or cry himself.
This kind of situation is to abandon nature, add fuel to the flames to secular feelings, and forget that human life is subject to nature. In ancient times, this practice was called punishment for violating nature.
When a person comes into this world by accident, it means that he was born by accident and left by accident, which means that he died by accident. Be content with fortune, conform to nature, and all sorrows and joys can't enter your heart. In ancient times, it was called the liberation of nature. 」
The ointment burns out when the candle burns. The fire continues without end.
In Zhuangzi's view, all kinds of contradictions in human society are just like the tendons and bones of cattle. If it is not handled properly, it will do harm to people themselves, just as the bones and muscles touch the blade.
Therefore, in order to save lives from damage, people should "rely on nature" and "rely on nature" and learn to survive in contradictions.
It's like solving a cow. As long as the blade walks along the gap between the tendon and the bone, it will remain sharp and will not be dulled by injury.
Why can an expert understand that a cow is "useful"? The reason lies in "good Tao", and Tao is the regularity of things.
Cattle's body has its natural structure, and I have learned and mastered its structure from long-term practice. Therefore, when solving the problem of cattle, I can "meet God without seeing him, but want to do something as an official in Zhi Zhi", which is orderly and rhythmic.
Doesn't this mean that to master things skillfully, we must first master the regularity of things!
At the beginning of my understanding of cows, I've never seen anything but cows. Three years later, I've never seen all cows. I've mastered the structure of cows.
After practicing for 19 years, I finally reached the realm of "comfortable".
This development process fully shows that to understand and master the laws of things, we must go through a long-term and serious practice process.
After being extremely skilled, I still dare not take it lightly when solving cattle. He "sees difficulties for every family" and "takes this as a warning, watches its changes, acts late and uses his knife". The reason is profound.
For example, when writing how a skilled person understands a cow, he uses touching, leaning, walking and squatting to express the different movements of different parts of his hands, shoulders, feet and knees, and uses "tu", "tu" and "tu" to express the subtle differences of different sounds. Accurate words and descriptions. Others, such as "The Voice of Xie Niu", are in harmony with the dance of mulberry trees and are the first meeting in Beijing. After Xie Niu wrote it, the expression of "standing with a knife" and "full of ambition" was more elegant and fascinating, and reached a high level in art.
The structure of the article is also commendable, which consists of six paragraphs. The first paragraph is the outline of the full text, which generally discusses the way of keeping in good health.
The following four paragraphs tell four fables respectively. The last paragraph is the metaphor of the exhaustion of salary and fire, which summarizes the full text and further explains that the way of conforming to nature is the center of health preservation. This unique serial structure is unique to Zhuangzi.
This is an article about keeping in good health. "Health Master" is the key to health.
Zhuangzi believes that the way to keep fit is to conform to nature, forget your feelings and not be trapped by foreign things.
The full text is divided into three parts. The first part is the general outline of the whole article, pointing out that the most important thing of health preservation is to "supervise and think about classics", that is, to inherit the emptiness in things and adapt to the changes and development of nature.
In the second part, How to Keep Healthy, the chef decomposes the cow body to compare people's health, indicating that life and life should be "nature-oriented" and "sky-oriented", and only by taking empty space can we be "comfortable", thus avoiding the entanglement between right and wrong and contradiction.
The rest is the third part, which further illustrates the sage's attitude towards life, that is, he does not stick to things, keeps pace with the times, travels with the heart, conforms to nature, keeps pace with the times, is poor in benevolence, righteousness and morality, and even drags out an ignoble existence. This is basically understood by Wen. However, Zhuangzi wanted to express much more than that.
The center of Zhuangzi's thought is, on the one hand, helpless freedom, and on the other hand, opposing letting nature take its course. Although this article talks about keeping in good health between the lines, it actually reflects the author's philosophy and life purport.
Zhuangzi was written in the pre-Qin period. A total of 52 articles were recorded in Art History and Literature, and there are 33 articles in this edition. Among them, there are seven internal chapters, fifteen external chapters and eleven miscellaneous chapters.
The book takes fable, tautology and nonsense as its main forms, inherits Laozi's theory and advocates relativism, despises etiquette and power and advocates freedom and freedom. The inner chapters On Everything, Wandering around and The Master all embody this philosophical thought.
Wang Yang's writing style is unrestrained, magnificent and mysterious, which is a typical work of pre-Qin philosophers.
There are different opinions about the age of Zhuangzi's life, which is generally believed to be 369-286 years ago. By the time Zhuangzi died, the State of Song had already perished. In Zhuangzi, there is "the old country and the old capital, so please browse it". Obviously, it was called "the old country and the old capital" after the death of the Song Dynasty.
Zhuangzi belongs to Taoism, and it is easy to draw this conclusion from Zhuangzi. Sima Qian commented: "Zhuangzi wrote more than 100,000 words". Today's Zhuangzi has only 33 chapters and more than 65,000 words, which are divided into three parts: internal, external and miscellaneous.
There are 52 pieces of Zhuangzi in Records of Han Art and Documents, which may have been deleted by Guo Xiang's Notes on Zhuangzi in Jin Dynasty. It is generally believed that Zhuangzi was written by Zhuangzi.
Every article is basically written by Taoism in the pre-Qin period, and Qin bamboo slips can also prove it. Since the song dynasty, it has become a problem. It is believed that the inner chapter was written by Zhuangzi himself, while the outer chapters and essays were used by later generations.
Generally speaking, Zhuangzi's thoughts are unified. Zhuangzi's writing style is unique. He claims to write with an eclectic fable (miscellaneous fable).
Zhuangzi's articles are rich in imagination, changeable in style, full of romanticism, humorous and satirical in the form of fables, which have a great influence on the literary language of later generations.
His extraordinary imagination and unpredictable fables constitute a unique and peculiar imaginary world in Zhuangzi. (Liu Xizai's A Brief Introduction to Art and Literature) Zhuang Zhou, his disciples and later scholars wrote Zhuangzi, one of the Taoist classics (regarded as a southern classic by Taoism).
There are 52 Zhuangzi articles recorded in the Records of Han Shu Literature and Art, and only 33 exist. Zhuangzi is of great philosophical and literary research value.
Mr. Lu Xun once said, "His writing style is Wang Yang's and his manners are ten thousand square meters. The works of philosophers in the late Zhou Dynasty cannot be done first. Famous articles (Outline of the History of Chinese Literature) include Free Travel, On Wuqi, Master of Health Care, etc. , and the "clever solution of cattle" in "Master of Health" is particularly popular in later generations.