Yao He (about 779 ~ 846) was a famous poet in Tang Dynasty in China. Shanzhou (now Shanxian County, Henan Province) people. In the eleventh year of Yuanhe (8 16), he was a scholar and was awarded the master book of martial arts. He worked as a censor, a Jin Hangzhou secretariat, a doctor of punishments, a middle-level clerk, and a secretary lost a supervisor in the end. Yao Wugong is well known all over the world, and his poetry school is called Wugong style. Yao He was famous for his poems at that time. He paid tribute to Liu Yuxi, Li Shen, Zhang Ji, Wang Jian, Juyuan Yang, Ma Dai and others. Make friends with Jia Dao, whose poems are similar, but slightly shallower than Jia's. He is good at five laws, describing natural scenery and depressed officials, and sometimes has good sentences. But the style theme is monotonous and the scenery description is trivial. His poems were studied by Yongjia Siling and Jianghu poets in the Southern Song Dynasty. Today, Yao Shaojian's poem in volume 10 is passed, and the other is Ji.
At that time, Yao He was famous for his poems and made extensive friends. He paid tribute to Liu Yuxi, Li Shen, Zhang Ji, Wang Jian, Juyuan Yang, Ma Dai and Li Qunyu. Friendly with Jia Dao, similar in poetry, but slightly shallower than Jia Dao. The world is called "Yao Jia". He is good at five laws, describing natural scenery and depressed officials, and sometimes has good sentences. But the style theme is monotonous and the scenery description is trivial. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng commented on his poems, saying, "It's clean and straight. It's interesting to be an immortal, but it's aboveboard. " It is based on the origin and superficial construction, but it is flattering and charming. "Counting the children almost at the same time, skillfully pinching the elders. But the body seems to be small and sharp, and the taste is mild. Therefore, the accumulation is in the ear. "(Tang Yin Gui Qian) had a certain influence on later generations, and was taught by the" Yongjia Four Spirits "(see" Four Spirits ") and Jianghu poets in the Southern Song Dynasty. At present, there are Yao Shaojian's poetry anthology 10 volumes, and there are four sets of photocopies of Ji Gu Ge in Ming Dynasty. In addition, there is Ji Xuan Collection included in Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty (Ten Kinds). For the deeds, see Biography of Old and New Books of Tang Dynasty.
He Yao's life
In his later years, Yao He compiled 300 Poems of Tang Poetry, named Ji Xuan Collection, and selected Wang Wei, Zuyong, Li Duan, Geng Yong, Lu Lun, Si Kongshu, Qian Qi, Lang Shiyuan, Chang Dang, Han Han, Huang Fuzeng, Li, Huang Furan,, Liu Changqing and Ling Yi. And said in the preface: "This is a poet's archer, and he also chose the most mysterious one in the crowd." There is neither Li/Du/Yuan/Bai nor Meng/Han/Liu/Liu, which can be seen in Yao He's eyes as "Li/Du/Yuan/Bai/Meng/Han/Liu/Liu" and so on.
The original meaning of the word "Xuan" is mysterious, which comes from the language of "Xuanmiao Xuanmen" in Laozi. Most of Guan Yaohe's candidates are really indifferent to life; Although the selected poems are far-fetched, they are almost temperament and light as water. From this anthology, it seems that we can get a glimpse of Yao He's outlook on life and poetry. As far as poetry is concerned, the evaluation of him in Biography of the Tang Dynasty is reasonable. But in his official career, it is difficult to understand the fact that he is a hermit. Although he has repeatedly revealed in his works that he has never been an official wholeheartedly, and his mind is full of the idea of living in seclusion in the mountains and farming, it is not accidental that he can always be a secretary with three grades.
Yao He and Jia Dao are the same age and were born in the 14th year of Dali (779). Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty says that he is the great-grandson of Yao Chong, the prime minister of Xuanzong, which is wrong. In the late Qing Dynasty, Luo Zhenyu made textual research on the epitaph and postscript of his wife Yao's family, and thought that it was Yuan's, Lu's and He's great-grandson. It can be known that Yao He's great-grandfather was Yao Yuanjing, who worked as a doctor in North Korea/a doctor in Sinong Temple/a Zong Zheng Shao Qing; Grandfather is Yao Shu, who served as Yanling County Magistrate/Ruzhou Sima; His father is Wei Yao, who served as the magistrate of Xiangzhou-He Lin County/as a gift from the son of heaven. Xing Wu recorded in the epitaph is today's Zhejiang/Huzhou, and it should also be Yao He's native place.
How many times did Yao He fall before he was 38? I don't know. He once wrote a poem called "The Last Poem", which expressed his shame and embarrassment when he went back to his hometown to meet his elders and neighbors-"It's all a waste of time to raise friends for the village, shoot for the poor, be ashamed to ask questions when returning home, rent a house in Spring City, stay behind closed doors, study and woo yourself". In the eleventh year of Yuanhe (8 16), he finally got involved, probably under the care of Li, the examiner at that time, and was soon promoted to prime minister. Yao He later wrote a poem to his brother-in-law. There is a sentence in the poem, "Xiang Fu holds the handle/pays attention to the heart/shows that he was Li's protege, and naturally he should give high marks when marking papers." However, Yao He didn't seem to expect that he could win the first prize. Such a surprise is far better than happiness. As the saying goes, "an accident/joy is often less than a surprise."
About two years after Jin Shihe, Yao He was awarded the master book of Shaanxi/Wugong County, which means that Yao He's career began at the age of forty. The bookkeeper, a civilian, is mainly responsible for recording the daily events in the county and various documents of the county government. The "county annals" we see today were handed down after being recorded in the master books of past dynasties. Thanks to these master books, China's local history, though a junior official at the bottom, has shown great value through accumulation. Of course, in a county, it is impossible to have big events every day, so the main book is relatively idle, and there is plenty of time to write poems, drink wine, grow flowers, grow small vegetable gardens ... or you can wander around as long as you don't leave the county. State and county officials in the Tang Dynasty, if they did not go to other counties for business, were regarded as "private bans", and even if they were secretariat officials or county decrees, they would be punished with "one hundred sticks".
From the beginning, Yao He became an official, and he was half-hearted and adopted a reclusive attitude. In the poem Thirty Poems of Wugong County, the first sentence of the first poem shows the idea of "the county is far away from the imperial city/hiding for the official"; In the second song, it is said that "Fang Zhuoyi is a natural/official thing ... fitness is a good thing/besides, it is more empty"; The ninth song says, "There is nothing else to do when you get to the official/you can plant a lot of flowers"; The seventeenth song says "I often take ten days off/look for money every other month" (I don't even bother to pay my salary every month); The twenty-second song is "keeping in good health and being a good officer." The third poem, I think, is the representative of his group of poems, and it also fully shows his carefree outlook on life at the age of 40-
Micro-officials are like horseshoes, only in mud and dust. Follow me wherever you are poor and always take advantage of others.
A book sells your eyesight, and a glass of wine consumes your mind. Early retirement, hidden deep in this body. He retired as soon as he became an official. Such people are really rare. Therefore, Mr. Wen Yiduo said that he was "writing gloomy five-character poems in a small office", unlike Bai Juyi who was "crying to the society about their morbid tragedies in all walks of life under the great burden of improving society". But I think this is just a poem. Yao He's real life course is different from poetry. Let's take a look at his career!
In Wugong County, Yao He stayed for three years. The so-called "the main seal for three years, the mountain stays in Pepsi", and it will be temporarily abolished after the rank is full. In the poem "Wugong County Will Enter the City", his joy of being overweight without an official is vividly on the paper. I don't know if he is telling others or really doesn't want to do anything, because he hasn't been an officer in the Webb shogunate for long. At that time, the era was Tian, and there were many titles, such as Dr. Guanglu/Proofreading Stuart/Zhong Shuling/Shang Zhuguo/Yi Guogong. It can be seen from Yao He's poem "Appreciating the Six Rhymes of Guanglu and Tianqing" that he was invited by Tian to go to the shogunate. Although Tian writes poems, he is not a poet. After all, he holds the title of our time, and his main business is to lead and defend the country and put down the rebellion. In the days when he was in contact with a group of soldiers, Yao He's performance in his poems was still half-hearted-"Looking for soldiers every day/not being a drinker after a year/not suffering from chronic eye diseases/still suffering from lung diseases/being a servant with narrow clothes/feeling rough about home and country/going home/still being a mountain man" ... Tian dipped in a pile of sugar on his date that had not arrived for a year. Less than a year later, Li Su was replaced by Tian Bu, who was killed by his teeth. As for our poet Yao, the court saw that it was too messy, so it transferred him from the ninth grade to Fuping County as the county captain. Soon after, he was transferred from Bapin to Wannian County, which is directly under the control of the capital, as the county captain.
At the age of about 48, Yao He was transferred back to Chang 'an, where he was appointed as the censor. At the age of 50, he rose from Qipin to Yushi. At the age of 52, he was appointed Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Housing since the sixth grade. At the age of 53, he was transferred to the capital, and Ren Zhengsi was promoted to the golden state secretariat. At the age of 54 to 55, he returned to Chang 'an and served as a doctor of punishments and a doctor of households. At the age of 56, he was transferred from Beijing and went to Zhejiang as the secretariat of Hangzhou. Three years later, he returned to Chang 'an three times, and Ren Zhengsi was the next-level right doctor. Another year, another thing. Another year later, I became a four-year-old Samby observer. At the age of 62, his last official position was the director-general and supervisor from Sanpin. Looking at his official history, although he started after the age of forty, he walked steadily, getting promoted almost every two years on average and never being demoted. There must be a secret.
Look up more than five kinds of court officials he has made, including Cui Fuma, Li Taiwei (Li Deyu), Yang Shangshu (Juyuan Yang), Zheng Shangshu (Zheng Yuqing), Pei Prime Minister (Pei Du), Prime Minister (Ling Huchu), Minister Tanaka (Tian), Bai Shaofu, (Bai Juyi), Liu Langzhong (Liu Yuxi) and Han Ji. Of course, judging from another angle, Yao may have a good temper, and he doesn't intend to make enemies, but he should be aggressive. It is recorded in the Book of Tao written by Li Shangyin in the whole Tang Dynasty that Li Shangyin was appointed as the magistrate of Hongnong County, offended his boss Sun Jian (then the observer of Shanbi) and wanted to resign and leave. Yao He just succeeded to Sun Jian, and when he heard about it, he immediately called Li Shangyin back, showing his kindness (perhaps mixed with his love for Li Shangyin's poetic talent).
Yao and Shi are really good at five laws. In the late Tang Dynasty, Zhang Wei also called "Yao/Jia" for the first time in the poet's subject-object diagram, and put him and Jia Dao together in the "elegant" poetic style. Liu song kezhuang also said that Yao he's poems won du fu's "elegance"; Zhao Zizhi also compiled Yao and Jia's poems into "Ermiao Collection". Xin, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, saw a "grand view of talented people" from Yao He's poems, which was not empty talk. I like Yao and Shi very much. I think he is very different from Jia Dao. At least his writing style is "not hard/not carved/not complaining/not bitter", which is reassuring. Yes, in fact, everyone in the world has their own suffering, and it is always uncomfortable to say it. Therefore, Yao He understands that he wants to "have fun" himself. As the saying goes, "No one in the world is sick/the happiness between people is Zen" (see Yao He's poem "Send the Silent Master").
I think he writes poems mostly for fun, finding feelings in nature and being clever in words; When I became an official, I was idle anyway. If I write with such a mentality, I will be very philosophical. Looking at the five laws, I think the most important and enjoyable thing is to look at the couplets of "jaw/neck". Yao He writes beautifully. Let me list a few words. People you like can write it down by hand and hang it at home as couplets, which is the best application-
"There is less poetry in the world/more wine in the forest"; "The home mountain is far from the city/the sun and the moon are in the boat."
"Let the horse only drink/not defend itself"; "I'm beginning to understand/I'm not there yet."
"The more books, the heavier/the less sleep and the more pillows are always new"; "Aishan has been lying idle for a long time/I have a thin heart here."
"Autumn rolls are better/the name is fatter"; "The mountain is quiet and the clouds are white at the beginning/the branches are high and the fruits are thin."
"Sleepless dream/no number to avoid people calling"; "I want to work with Lin in the next issue/* * What is labor?"
"It is difficult to return to the sea/everything in the world is empty"; "Seeing the moon is too loose/loving the water"
"I feel old when I go up the mountain/I forget my sorrow when I pass the temple"; "Too shallow a cup is not suitable for drinking/too thick a word is not suitable for reading"
"Poetry is born in wine/thought is on the hillside"; "If you have land, you can only grow bamboo/if you have no home, you can only raise geese."
Yao He died in the post of secretary supervisor, and after his death, the court posthumously awarded him as the minister of rites. His disciple Fang Gan wrote a poem "Crying for", which was quoted by later generations as an evaluation of his life-a star fell on this cold night, and the star fell in the text, leaving an eternal name. A few people become disciples as soon as they enter the room, because Confucianism is a crying gentleman. There is no suggestion at home. Every time in the Ming Dynasty, the state-owned legacy continued to be correct. Chen mourned in Xiaoxiang Plain, and hated Taiwan for blowing rain and getting wet.