1, Treatise on Febrile Diseases with Xiaochaihu Decoction
(1) Xiaochaihu decoction comes from Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and is mainly used for "cold and heat, fullness in chest and hypochondrium, silence, lack of food, upset and vomiting, bitter taste and dry throat, dizziness;" Pulse string "is a representative prescription of traditional Chinese medicine and law." Inspired by this prescription, Chinese medicine practitioners in past dynasties changed the Chaihu school to take Chaihu as the monarch medicine to treat various diseases, and became the Chaihu school. There are many reasons, but the most important thing is to grasp the base of treating diseases.
(2) After careful analysis of this prescription, we will find that this prescription consists of four groups of drugs:
1 Shugan: Bupleurum;
② Qingdan: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi;
3 and stomach: Pinellia ternata, ginger;
Spleen: ginseng, jujube, licorice.
(2) The corresponding symptoms are also divided into four categories:
1 stagnation of liver-qi: alternating cold and heat, pain in chest and hypochondrium, silent expression and thready pulse;
2 gallbladder stagnation: bitter taste, dry throat, dizziness, upset;
3 stomach qi disharmony: vomiting;
4 weak temper: I don't want to eat.
(3) According to the learning idea of "principle-law-prescription-medicine", retreat from the level of "medicine" to the level of "prescription" and then to the level of "law". On the level of "principle", we will find that Xiaochaihu decoction has such a great opportunity for clinical application because of further thinking about "liver depression, gallbladder heat, stomach depression and spleen deficiency". Chaihu Guizhi decoction is the structure of Xiaochaihu decoction and Guizhi decoction, which takes into account the sun while adjusting the cardinal. The medical sage is actually demonstrating the Dharma to us, and we can learn its methods instead of muddling its medicine. Notopterygium root, divaricate Saposhnikovia root or Mahuang decoction can be selected according to the specific situation for sun decline; Dachaihu decoction is a combination of Xiaochaihu decoction and Xiaochengqi decoction, which takes into account the disharmony of Yangming while adjusting the cardinal, that is, extending from stomach to intestine. Only in this way can we grasp the "opening and closing pivot" of Sanyang, and Sanyang disease can cover many diseases.
(4) Chinese medicine believes that the middle energizer is the largest cardinal of the human body, and the ascending, descending, and entering and exiting of qi are all implemented at this level. What is a cardinal? It is "liver, gallbladder, stomach and spleen", which is an important information revealed to us by the medical sage through Xiaochaihu decoction. At present, the coexistence of cold and heat in clinical diseases is very complicated, and the method of Bupleurum chinense can solve this problem well, and the thinking is clear and not chaotic.
2. Bupleurum chinense specializes in meridian tropism
(1) bitter cold.
Classic: "Bitter and flat."
Don't record: "Slightly cold, non-toxic."
Rihuazi Materia Medica: "Gan."
(2) Meridians enter the liver and gallbladder.
"Pearl Capsule": "The gallbladder of foot shaoyang, liver of foot jueyin, triple energizer of hand shaoyang and pericardium of hand jueyin."
Herbal rejuvenation: "into the heart, liver and spleen."
(3) Its main functions are relieving exterior-interior syndrome, soothing the liver and promoting yang. It can be used for treating cold and heat, chest fullness and hypochondriac pain, bitter taste and deafness, headache and dizziness, malaria, anorexia, irregular menstruation and uterine prolapse.
3. The specificity analysis of Bupleurum DC efficacy.
(1) shaoyang reconciliation
This product is bitter and cold, and enters shaoyang meridian. Shennong's materia medica scripture says, "master the evil spirits of cold and heat." "Pearl Capsule" said: "You can't get rid of gallbladder paralysis unless it is Bupleurum." "Shu Shu of Materia Medica" says: "Bupleurum is the medicine of shaoyang meridian." Half of Shaoyang Meridian is outside and half is inside. Shaoyang is affected by evil, and evil combined with yin is cold, and evil combined with yang is heat. Bupleurum root is a specific medicine for shaoyang, which has a light and clear temperament and the thinnest bitterness. It can release pathogenic factors from the outside to the inside, so that it can be solved from the outside. Therefore, it has the function of reconciliation with Shaoyang. For example, Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases? Treating shaoyang pulse syndrome with Bupleurum root can cure typhoid fever for five or six days, apoplexy, cold and fever, fullness in chest and hypochondrium, nausea and vomiting, bitter mouth and dry throat, and dizziness. The thin and white coating of the tongue and the thready pulse are caused by pathogenic factors in the exterior and interior of shaoyang, unfavorable cardinal, and no distinction between right and wrong. Danqing Chaihu Powder? Draw water through the face, with Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi to clear yang fire, and with ginseng, licorice, ginger and jujube. Thus, "the upper energizer is clear, the body fluid is low, and the sweat is harmonious, and the stomach is comfortable" (Treatise on Febrile Diseases).
(2) soothing the liver and relieving depression
This taste is bitter and cold, and enters the liver meridian. "Four Tones of Materia Medica" said: "The main phlegm is full and the chest is swollen." "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica" said: "Promote the qi of liver meridian, stop the spasm and pain of liver qi on the left side, treat women's blood-heat burning menstruation and regulate menstruation." "Drug Meaning" said: "The taste is slightly bitter, soothing the liver and relieving depression." Therefore, this product can reach liver qi, soothe the liver and relieve depression. Can be used for treating depression, menoxenia, and heat entering blood chamber.
For hypochondriac pain due to stagnation of liver-qi, it can be combined with Cyperus rotundus and Fructus Aurantii, such as Chaihu Shugan Powder. For hypochondriac pain and irregular menstruation caused by liver depression and blood deficiency, it is often used with Danggui and Paeonia lactiflora, such as Xiaoyao San.
(3) Clean up and discharge kindling
This taste is bitter and cold, and it can clear heat and purge fire, enter the triple energizer meridian of liver and gallbladder, and clear fire. Commonly used for headache, dizziness, blurred vision, tinnitus and deafness.
(4) expelling wind and removing arthralgia
This product is a wind medicine, and the wind is the length of all diseases, and it will be wet when it is removed. "Records of Famous Doctors" contains: "Eliminating dampness and stopping spasm." So it has the effect of expelling wind and removing arthralgia. If the symptoms are heavy limbs, stubborn skin, or pain in limbs, pain is fixed, and it is rainy, this is the most serious arthralgia syndrome in which wind-cold-dampness evil invades the meridians of limbs. Bupleurum can dispel wind, remove dampness and relieve arthralgia.
(5) Bitter and bitter powder, evacuation and fever reduction.
For cold and fever, it can be combined with licorice, namely Chaihu powder. This product is especially good at eliminating the evil of half exterior and half interior, and is an important drug for treating shaoyang syndrome. It is often used to treat typhoid pathogens such as shaoyang, cold and heat, fullness in chest and hypochondrium, bitter taste, dry throat, dizziness, etc. It is often combined with Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Pinellia ternata, such as Xiaochaihu Decoction.
(6) Soothing the liver and regulating the stomach
This taste is bitter, bitter and cold, and enters the triple energizer meridian of liver and gallbladder. The objective of Shennong Materia Medica is: "The master and confidant stagnate in the stomach and accumulate food." Gao Li said: "Chaihu purges liver fire." Therefore, it has the effect of soothing the liver and regulating the stomach, and is often used for stagnation of heart-qi, food retention, innovation, hypochondriac pain and abdominal distension.
(7) Promoting yang to relieve depression
This product is light and clear, mainly ascending and dispersing. Compendium of Materia Medica says: "Treat yang qi depression." "Materia Medica Justice" also said: "About words, Bupleurum is the attending; One is that the yang is insufficient, and the other is that the qi is trapped in the yang. Therefore, it has the effect of rising yang and relieving depression. It is often combined with drugs such as Radix Astragali, Ginseng, etc., and is used to treat symptoms such as stagnation of middle qi, diarrhea, proctoptosis, uterine prolapse, etc., such as Buzhong Yiqi Decoction.
4. The special efficacy of 4.DC Bupleurum.
(1) antipyretic and anti-inflammatory
Bupleurum has obvious central antipyretic and cooling effects, and its effective components are related to saponins and volatile oil. Saikosaponin and its volatile oil, crude saikosaponin, saikosapogenin A and kaempferol have obvious inhibitory effects on experimental foot swelling in mice and vascular permeability.
(2) Sedation, analgesia and antiepileptic.
Total saponins of Bupleurum and sapogenin A have obvious sedative effect and can prolong the sleep time of mice. It also has obvious analgesic effect on experimental pain in mice.
(3) Protect the liver and gallbladder
Bupleurum preparation has a significant antagonistic effect on experimental liver injury in animals, which can reduce the degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, make most of the contents of glycogen and ribonucleic acid accumulated in hepatocytes return to normal or close to normal, and significantly reduce the activity of serum transaminase. It can also inhibit fibrosis of damaged liver, promote fiber absorption and reduce the occurrence of cirrhosis. Among them, dry wood mixture has the best effect. Bupleurum chinense can increase the total bile output and bile salt composition in dogs. Its effective component is flavone.
(4) regulation of gastrointestinal tract
The crude saponin of Bupleurum chinense has obvious effects of inhibiting gastric juice secretion, reducing pepsin activity and ulcer coefficient. If 100 mg/kg is increased to 50 ~ 100 mg/kg, the ulcer tends to get worse. This may be caused by the stimulation of saponin on gastric mucosa. When the concentration of saikosaponin is small, it can excite the isolated intestine and improve the intestinal muscle tension. When the concentration increases, the intestinal contraction induced by acetylcholine can be enhanced by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase in plasma. On the other hand, Chaihu Kaempferoside has spasmolytic effect on isolated intestine. Bupleurum extract has obvious inhibitory effect on trypsin.
(5) blood pressure lowering and anticoagulation
The crude saponin of Bupleurum chinense has the effects of lowering blood pressure and slowing heart rate in rats. It is more effective when injected intravenously. The crude saikosaponin can obviously inhibit platelet aggregation, has obvious anticoagulant effect and can cause hemolysis.
(6) enhancing immune function
Bupleurum extract and Bupleurum polysaccharide have immune enhancement effect. Bupleurum DC can obviously promote the formation of goat erythrocyte antibody after secondary immunization in mice. Bupleurum polysaccharide can significantly enhance the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes induced by ConA and PHA, suggesting that Bupleurum can enhance both T and B lymphocytes. Bupleurum chinense can enhance the phagocytic function of kupffer cells; It can enhance the phagocytic function of mononuclear macrophages. Xiaochaihu decoction can activate macrophages to induce IL- 1 in vitro.
(7) Metabolism of blood lipid, sugar and protein.
Saikosaponin and sapogenin can reduce serum cholesterol and triglyceride. α-Spinach sterol can reduce blood cholesterol. Saikosaponin can obviously increase the synthesis of protein in rat liver. Radix Bupleuri Mishima can obviously increase blood sugar and liver glycogen in rats. Bupleurum promotes the synthesis of glycogen and protein, which is another function of traditional Chinese medicine to protect the liver.
(8) Antibacterial and antiviral
Antibacterial: hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leptospira.
Antivirus: influenza virus, hepatitis virus, vaccinia virus, poliovirus type I, herpes virus.
It can inhibit ankle swelling and connective tissue proliferative inflammation caused by various inflammatory factors.
(9) Other renal protective effects
Saikosaponin has protective effect on kidney diseases. Small dose can inhibit diuresis, while large dose can promote diuresis. Bupleurum has a certain inhibitory effect on bacteria, viruses and plasmodium. Saikosaponin also has anticancer and anti-liver injury effects.