I always wanted to translate Zhuangzi, but I kept dragging my feet until I finished translating The Pipe. Why? I was fooled by those so-called experts, scholars and professors. They say that Zhuangzi's Taoist theory is mysterious, which refers to the noumenon of all things in the universe and the spiritual realm of human beings. Sima Qian said: "His writings are more than 100,000 words, which are generally allegorical." Therefore, many experts, scholars and professors commented: its narrative is clear, the story is strong, it is good at depicting characters, and the characters are vivid and intriguing. Secondly, the momentum is magnificent and the imagination is strange. Thirdly, the brushwork is changeable, good at metaphor and endless changes. There is the beauty of the hidden moon, like the clouds in the gorge, and the illusion of Haicheng, which has never been compared. It seems that Zhuangzi is just telling a story, not a story. Plus, when I translated the Analects of Confucius, I took the Zhuangzi exam? Stealing chickens and not eating rice, I was not satisfied with Zhuangzi's description of Confucius, so I didn't start Zhuangzi after translating Laozi. In February this year, after translating Guanzi, I began to interpret Zhuangzi and found that this was not the case. Zhuangzi discussed the way of life and the way of everything. Zhuangzi believes that kindness is not the most important thing. The key to a person is to follow his own life path, and good behavior is only an external thing. Only by sticking to your own life path can you have a successful life. If we adhere to the eight external so-called virtues of filial piety, benevolence, loyalty and modesty, we may not have a successful life. For example, in Xiaoyao, Xiaoyao means that people roam freely in the ocean of knowledge without any constraints. In fact, it means that people's spirit and thoughts roam freely in the ocean of knowledge, without any constraints, and can have unlimited imagination. Then, Zhuangzi turned from imagination to reality. People are real people. If they can recognize real people, real people can face the real world and solve the problems they face. People can't face the real world just by imagination. This is the world. Imagination can't solve anything. Human society is just like nature. There are mountains, rivers, mountains and valleys. When you step into society, it's like stepping into nature. There is no such thing as flatness and fairness. You must face the real society and admit the real society, in order to find a way to overcome the obstacles on the road. Therefore, learning knowledge, learning to imagine, learning to think and learning to face is the first priority in life. The theory of everything is about learning and understanding everything, followed by "Happy Travel". Everything is equal. When we know everything, we should treat everything equally, not because of our own likes and dislikes. Therefore, we should establish our own world outlook, outlook on life and values, so as to understand things, grasp the key points of things and adapt to endless development and changes. Moreover, when we know things, we should know the universality of things, don't cling to the specificity of individuals, and look at things from different positions in order to have a comprehensive understanding of their functions. Furthermore, our understanding of everything depends on whether it is meaningful and valuable to the living. If it is meaningless and worthless, what else do we need to study? Even if it is meaningful and valuable, we can't delve into it, but enough is enough. Therefore, to understand things and solve problems, we must see the present situation clearly and act according to the law of development of things. This is the key. To understand things, you must first learn to observe, then use analogy or inverse ratio, and don't ask others and everything with your own subjective ideas, especially on the issue of interests. When you know things, you can't stick to your own opinions and cling to the old ideas of the past, because everything is relative and there is no standard of right or wrong. Zhuangzi is actually talking about the key to learning and understanding everything. The key is that only by understanding these things can we begin to learn and learn. Otherwise, we have studied for several years, even more than ten years, just wasting our years and youth. The so-called "health care" in "health care" is to support life, and the Lord is there. If you want life to last forever in this world, you must have knowledge. Only by mastering the knowledge of life support can we live better. And how to learn knowledge is the key thing. Zhuangzi first proposed that learning knowledge must be honest and not opportunistic. Then Zhuangzi gave an example of an expert who knows cows, to show that just like specialized knowledge, you can also become an expert in a certain field. No matter what we learn, as long as our minds are not incomplete, we can learn anything. In addition, there must be no constraints in learning. If you have constraints, you must break them, break the cage and let your thoughts soar freely. Because only people with free thoughts can explore the root of things. The World on Earth is about how people should know the society and the world we live in. Yan Hui's newborn calf was not afraid of tigers, and only when he dared to go to Guo Wei to correct Wei Jun's mistakes did he learn the achievements taught by Confucius. The reason is that he simply doesn't understand the complexity of society and the impetuousness of people's hearts. So how can we understand society and people? If you want to understand society and people, you must first understand society and people. If you want to know the society and people, you must first exclude yourself, don't let family and interests lead you, and don't consider your own gains and losses, so that you can know the society and people clearly. If our own interests are involved, we will judge people according to the needs of interests, which will cause prejudice. If you have prejudice, you will act according to it, so you will go further and further and eventually deviate from your own life path. Therefore, when we know everything, we must treat everything equally, not because of our own likes and dislikes. To understand things, you must first learn to observe, then use analogy or inverse ratio, and don't ask others and everything with your own subjective ideas, especially on the issue of interests. When you know things, you can't stick to your own opinions and cling to the old ideas of the past, because everything is relative and there is no standard of right or wrong. Therefore, we should establish our own world outlook, outlook on life and values, so as to understand things, grasp the key points of things and adapt to the endless development and changes of society. "DeChongFu", that is, the law is full of heart, follow the nature. Zhuangzi first cited the example of Wang Qian to show that whether a person is smart, intelligent and talented depends on whether he can understand the laws of the development and change of all things. If he breaks the law, no matter how clever he is, he is a stupid person. The law of development and change of all things is independent of human will. No matter how strong human will is, it can't change the life-giving objects endowed by nature. These objects will change the law of birth, aging, illness and death. Finally, Zhuangzi told Keiko not to judge the ways and laws of everything by his own feelings, but to put aside his feelings, conform to nature and add nothing. This final summary is the most important. Most of us judge things by our own likes and dislikes, and always think that things should develop and change according to our own imagination, regardless of how the real path and laws of things develop and change, which leads to our disconnection and opposition with things, and of course leads to our ultimate failure. "Master" means greatness, religion means reverence, and teacher means imitation. What do you respect and imitate? Worship heaven and imitate heaven. Zhuangzi was talking about real people from the beginning. Who is a real person? Is a person who truly follows and obeys the laws of nature. Real people are happy-go-lucky and always happy. What do you mean, let it go? It is to be able to adapt and feel satisfied in any environment and at any time. This is not to say that people in reality don't have their own way. On the contrary, because they have their own way, they can be carefree and safe at any time. No matter what the environment, when, stick to your own path. Then Zhuangzi discussed the methods of studying and reading. Heaven doesn't care about life and death, and of course it doesn't care about money, wealth and reputation. People should respect and imitate heaven. Why should they care about life and death, money and fame? Is it just to gain fame, find money to study, read books, and worship heaven? Of course not! Learning, reading, and respecting the Heaven are actually to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life, and values, ignoring life and death, money and wealth, and reputation, and taking this life as a leisurely life path. "Ying Di" is about following the heaven and prospering. Zhuang Zi first gave an example of Tai Jia, which showed that he was a man who could prosper in heaven. Then he refuted the wrong view that Japan and China promulgated their own laws and regulations with crazy words, and then cited the examples of Tiangen and nobody to show that following the heaven, we must get rid of selfish distractions. Through the dialogue between Yang Ziju and Lao Dan, Zhuangzi explained that we should conform to the path and laws of heaven, people's hearts and the times. Then, through Ji Xian's fortune-telling story, Zhuangzi explained that we should not only look at superficial phenomena, but also focus on the essence of laws. Failure to grasp the essence of Tao and law is the carrier of fame, the treasure house of strategy, the guarantee of things and the master of ingenuity. Finally, Zhuangzi expressed his attitude towards Heaven and Heaven through three virtual people. The whole article goes in one go, telling us that only by conforming to heaven and justice, we can't distinguish judgments by selfish distractions, and we can't just look at superficial phenomena, but we must grasp the essence in order to truly prosper. Zhuangzi's adaptation is not resigned to fate, but to arrange our own paths and laws according to the paths and laws of heaven. In "Green Thumb", Zhuangzi deliberately discusses the issues of naturalness and unnaturalness. Zhuangzi first put forward that benevolence and righteousness are as unnatural as the sixth hand, foot and finger, and then he went on to discuss that benevolence and righteousness are as unnatural as excessive eyesight and hearing. Zhuangzi believes that human nature depends on guidance, not coercion. Immediately, Zhuangzi thought negatively that man was doomed. Finally, he concluded that people's change of nature is subordinate to benevolence and righteousness. Is benevolence and righteousness really imposed on others? Of course not! In fact, when you embark on your own life path, you will have the concept of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom. People's wisdom comes from people's values, and people's values are strongly influenced by customs. People have been influenced by various customs and habits around them since childhood, thus forming their own unique values and world outlook, which determine people's wisdom. Through learning, people can change the old and original values and world outlook, thus establishing new values and world outlook and increasing their wisdom. With the growth of wisdom, people can have more behavior choices, so they can have good, good and different social behavior norms. Is this all imposed? In horseshoe, Zhuangzi is still discussing the issues of naturalness and unnaturalness. Because the followers of saints and rulers blindly follow, abandoning the most fundamental core of saints-legal issues, and turning to the issue of benevolence, righteousness and morality, more and more social behavior norms have become rules and regulations that bind people, etiquette and ethics that oppress people, making people more and more hypocritical and false. Everything, including human beings, has its own path. Where there is a path, there is its development law, and different paths have different development laws. We complete our journey along the road of life, not along the road of benevolence and morality, nor along the social code of conduct, nor along people's wishes, and the development and evolution of law is not carried out in accordance with the rules of benevolence and morality. Our life path is developed and decided according to our life concept. What kind of life concept, there is what kind of life path, with chaotic life concept, there is only chaotic life path. The appearance and implementation of an idea will change our behavior, which will lead to a change in the direction of life. In fact, benevolence and morality are just billboards on both sides of the road, not the foundation of the road of life. What's the meaning of our life, abandoning the roots, holding up billboards and walking into the confused barren hills? How does it help? In the chapter "Return", Zhuangzi emphatically criticized the saints. He believes that the so-called "saints" have promoted the development of human wisdom and private ownership, and the development of private ownership has led to rampant thieves and chaos in the world. In fact, the development of human wisdom is the inevitable result of human development, and we can't blame the saints for it. The so-called "saints" are just smarter than ordinary people. Private ownership is also the inevitable result of human development. The key to the problem is not whether to eliminate private ownership and implement public ownership, but how to balance the relationship between private ownership and public ownership. Modern socialism advocates public ownership and retains private ownership, while modern capitalism advocates private ownership and retains public ownership. The future of human society will surely realize the balance between private ownership and public ownership, thus making human society more prosperous and strong. Then, we should have more public ideas under private ownership now. After all, human society is a society of the whole people, not a society of one person. "Re-opening" means observing blessing, observing the situation in the world, observing the modality of people in the world, and blessing after observation. Zhuangzi put forward the idea of "blessing" instead of "governance" because governance will bind people's natural nature, and governance is man-made management rather than natural law. Since it is not a natural law, it can't last long. The fable of the Yellow Emperor also shows that it is the only way for the Yellow Emperor to return to nature by disturbing people's hearts with righteousness and spreading the so-called sincere way. Then Zhuangzi borrowed the fable of HarmonyOS's system, hoping that people would completely abandon their private consciousness, listen to the education of "adults" and ask people to return to the state of natural existence from conscious existence. In Zhuangzi's thought, it is precisely because of the awakening of self-consciousness that people developed private ownership, and the development of private ownership led to the confusion of people's thoughts and society. Zhuangzi believes that there is no effect in dealing with this kind of chaos. It is better to give up private ownership and guide people to return to the state of natural existence and live according to heaven and law. According to Zhuangzi's idea, people are like other animals and plants. They unconsciously live or die, and heaven and earth return to normal. Since we live and die unconsciously, people have no concept of pain and happiness. Zhuangzi believes that if people do not have the concepts of pain and happiness, they will truly bless the people. In the article "Heaven and Earth", Zhuangzi asked people to understand the way and method of heaven and earth, and to adapt to it and create their own way and method of heaven and earth. What is the way of heaven and earth and the method of heaven and earth? Just let nature take its course, do nothing, ignore anything, want nothing, want nothing. When people were born, they kept asking for, doing, treating and getting, and finally, they lost their humanity. Zhuangzi believes that such people are short-lived because they don't know the way and method of heaven and earth, violate the way and method of heaven and earth, and don't create their own way and method of heaven and earth. If people want to live a long life, they must imitate and learn the laws of heaven and earth, so as to govern by doing nothing, ask questions by doing nothing, and gain by doing nothing. In the chapter of "Heaven", Zhuangzi focuses on Heaven and Heaven Law. Heaven is endless according to its own path and laws. It is empty, static, selfless and inaction, but it promotes the growth and survival of all things. And we human beings, not only lazy, but also like privacy, enrichment, noisy and unruly. Zhuangzi's so-called "inaction" is not doing nothing, but doing it according to his social role. Then Zhuangzi used the story of Yao and Shun to illustrate that the ancients were very advocating heaven and earth and could be as quiet as heaven and earth. Then, by borrowing the stories of Laozi and Confucius, it is explained that instead of holding high benevolence and righteousness, it is better to follow heaven and heaven and advocate people to recognize Taoism. If people can clearly understand their own life path, they can understand that benevolence and righteousness are very important to themselves and others. Then Zhuangzi turned to the issue of self-cultivation, explaining that people should also follow the laws of heaven and earth, not do anything deliberately, but calm down and respond at any time. Then Zhuangzi emphasized that reading alone is useless. Only by understanding with your heart can you truly understand the path and laws of everything in the world. Finally, Zhuangzi took Qi Huangong's reading as an example to show that the language in books and articles has many hidden meanings. If you don't understand with your heart, what you read is dross! Zhuangzi explained with seven stories in Destiny that the way of the sky is fundamental, the rain and wind in the sun and the moon are only superficial phenomena, and everything has its own way. What about people's way? In my heart. Man's road is invisible, and what we see is only the superficial behavior of man. So can you judge a person by his behavior? Can't! When we look at problems, people and things, we should not only look at superficial forms and phenomena, but also look at their internal paths. Only by grasping the fundamental road problem can we make a final decision on the road problem. We modern people seem to be talents when we go to college, talents when we have some skills, and talents when we have money. In fact, what we see is only their external and superficial behavior. These so-called talents will violate the law and discipline at any time, leading to the confusion of modern people. What exactly is talent? ! Judge a problem not by superficial behavior, but by the fundamental path. In other words, a person must have his own opinions, his own ideas, his own life path and his own skills in order to become a talent. Otherwise, at most, it is a crooked talent, a partial talent, or even a fool. Zhuangzi focused on the differences between superficial phenomena, superficial forms and internal roads, and pointed out the so-called benevolence, resentment, love, taking, giving, remonstrating, teaching, making it alive and doing. In fact, it's not the trajectory of life, but just behavior. Therefore, both rulers and educators should not stick to superficial phenomena and forms, but should strengthen the education on the road of life and the road of knowing everything, so that people can embark on the correct road of life. Deliberate thinking is to be strict with yourself. Zhuangzi focuses on people who are strict with themselves. In fact, they worship the behavior of saints, benevolent people and good people. They just want to imitate the behavior of others, without their own beliefs, their own value judgments, and their own life path. They will only make high-profile comments, ridicule, ridicule and curse secular and secular behaviors. In other words, such people don't have their own ideas, they just follow other people's advice. Isn't such a person stupid? If we worship a person, then we should examine his views, beliefs, ideas and his life path, not just imitate his behavior. So what are the paths and laws of saints? It is indifferent and nihilistic, and can stand loneliness. A person who can stand loneliness is a pure person. The so-called purity is a vegetarian, and a real person is a person who does not make him lack of spirit. Zhuangzi is very opposed to those who imitate other people's behavior. We should learn and imitate others' roads and laws, sum up experience from others' roads and laws, and draw our own roads and laws. In other words, we should not only learn and imitate superficial phenomena and forms, but also learn and imitate essence.