Scholars, as leaders of social customs and trends, are sometimes more appealing than imperial edicts. At that time, a large number of literary works reflected the life of masculinity in detail, and masculinity was no longer the so-called tolerance, but returned to the pre-Wei and Jin dynasties and became a normal state accepted by the public. One of the important factors is that the ideology of the Ming Dynasty was completely based on Confucian ethics with Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism as the main body, and the government even launched an abstinence movement. After Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty, official prostitutes were laid off and the ban was very strict. No matter officials or scholars, those who stay for prostitution or engage in minor misdeeds will be demoted, and those who are severely punished will never be hired. When the abstinence movement reached its peak, scholars had to find new ways to vent. Good masculinity would not lead to childbirth and disturb the clan family order, so masculinity flourished again.
In the notes of the Ming Dynasty, it is often seen that in addition to wives and concubines, there are young and handsome extremely at home. They call their sexual life with wives "infighting" and their sexual relationship with the same sex "diplomacy". "Five Miscellaneous Notes" concludes: "Dressed in the network of literature, the prohibition of Longyang is wider than narrow evil, scholars are trapped in congestion, the cost of sleeve-breaking is killed by head-binding, and the roar of Hedong is reduced to our promise, so it is difficult to rely on jade. This is why Toy Boy is thriving. " But this summary ignores a very important point, that is, the enthusiasm of Ming people for indoor surgery. The core of ancient sexology theory is the theory of "collecting yin to replenish yang", which holds that when the opposite sex * *, if it is controlled to replenish the brain, plus the yin collected from women, it will be beneficial to the health of the man; But if you can't control it, you will consume your spirit. However, men of the same sex can indulge freely, because the lost yang will be compensated from each other's bodies.
The prevalence of male chauvinism will inevitably promote the development of male prostitute industry. According to people's records, when Zheng Deshi arrived, there was a andrology hospital in Beijing with a plaque of "Changchun Hospital". The prostitute's residence is called "The Palace that Never Sleeps"-based on Su Dongpo's poem: "The wind and flowers compete in Changchun Courtyard, and the lights and candles shine on the city that never sleeps." Beautiful prostitutes and prostitutes compete with each other to show off their customers. Prostitutes' names are all prefixed with the word "Shao", while Ming Xizong tries to wander among them. Let's take a look at the summary of the male style at that time by the Ming Dynasty novelist Natural Sou in Shi Nod:
Ironically, there are first-class people who prefer the taste of flowers. Isn't it two different things to have sex with a man as a woman and have fun? That's it. That's one thing. It never happened. Scholar's general title is "Hanlin Yue Feng", but if the local dialect is different: northerners call it "fried Ru Ru"; Southerners call it "playing bitter fleabane"; Huizhou people call it "collapsed tofu"; Jiangxi people call it "casting brazier"; Ningbo people are called "goodness"; Longyou people call it "becoming like an onion"; Cixi people are called "playing frogs"; Suzhou people are called "Mr. Tired"; The Ming legalists called it "an erotic drama in which the penis is inserted into other people's feces." Although the words are different, the situation is one to one. If there are several places in Fujian where people's children are handsome, they will be hired on the 12th and 13th. Nine times out of ten, the Ci litigation in Zhangzhou is directed at * * *, isn't it a big joke? It can be said that * * * flowers taste both in the north and the south, but the atmosphere of Fujian people is more refreshing. This is because the maritime trade in the Ming Dynasty was dominated by Fujian, and it often sailed to the Philippines, Japan and other places, with long distances and many taboos, especially for women on board. In the Ming Dynasty, Shen Defu wrote in My Broom Zhaiyutan:
Some people who like male colors often spend a lot of money to buy beautiful teenagers, pretend to be their fathers, and call male colors "children", which is the most irrelevant. It is said that when Fujian pirates make an insurrection, it is said that only women on the pirate ship will bring misfortune and often sink the ship. So let's use Toy Boy. Over time, the coolness of Fujian people and the ethos that men are superior to women, whether noble or not, are related to their class. The older one is called "Brother Qi" and the younger one is called "Brother Qi". Brother Qi came to his house, and they regarded him as a son-in-law. After the relationship is determined, the future livelihood of "Qi Ge" and various expenses such as marrying a wife will become the responsibility of "Qi Ge". Their "love" is sincere, and they often live together as husband and wife in their thirties. They even have a special term to blame someone who feels the same way, but this word was invented by Fujian people and can't be found in the dictionary. For various reasons, they will meet and throw water when "love" is not satisfactory. This kind of love tragedy can be said to happen every year.
It can be seen from Shen Defu's records that Fujian's masculinity has completely shrunk, and it has been recognized by morality, law and customs, and even established a stable family accepted by the family. This ethos soon spread to the south of the Yangtze River and gradually spread throughout the Central Plains. Even prisoners must stand guard. If a person sits in prison for too long, as long as family conditions permit, someone will intervene and ask his family to find him a man outside, buy off the jailer and send him to his cell to eat and live.
Regarding such an ethos, Xie said in his Five Miscellanies: "Today, people who say that men are masculine use Fujian and Guangdong as an excuse, but there is no one who does not know this from Yanyun. Today, the capital has a "little singing" for the gentry to feast on, but the official prostitutes are forbidden and have to use it. Originally from Ningbo, Zhejiang, it has recently become a part of Linqing. So there is a difference between singing in the north and singing in the south, but few people are good with the group. Occasionally, there are romantic gentry, so we must try our best to invite them and make the whole country crazy. This is also a joke. There are doors waiting outside the official, so it is also replaced. The confusion of officials is often simple and beautiful, and the north and south are enemies of the southeast. "