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Urine, commonly known as "urine" and "urine". It is a liquid, usually yellow or colorless, and it is a metabolic waste and toxin discharged by organisms.

The formation of human urine is that uric acid, urea, water, inorganic salts and glucose in blood enter the renal capsule through glomerular filtration, forming protourine.

Chinese name

urine

belong to

metabolite

suit

Creatures, including humans.

Be popularly named/addressed.

pee

catalogue

1? form

2? raw material

3? use

4? colour

5? smell

form

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When the original urine flows through the renal tubule, all the glucose, most of the water and some inorganic salts useful to the human body in the original urine are reabsorbed by the renal tubule and return to the blood of capillaries around the renal tubule. The original urine is reabsorbed by renal tubules, and the remaining water, inorganic salts, urea and uric acid form urine.

Urine formed by renal tubules reaches the renal medulla through the renal papilla, the renal medulla reaches the bladder through the ureter, and finally is excreted through the urethra.

Nephron → renal pelvis → ureter → bladder → urethra

raw material

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(Unit: 100 ml)

The main components of Shui Yuan urine

Water: 97%

Protein: Trace.

Glucose: 0. 1%

Urea: 0.03%

Uric acid: 0.004%

Inorganic salt: 0.9%

The main components of urine

Water: 95%

Protein: 0%

Glucose? :0%

Urea? : 1.8 %

Uric acid: 0.05%

Inorganic salt: 1. 1%

use

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If you are scratched in the wild, there will be many germs in the wound. If there is no disinfectant, you can use the middle urine to clean the wound and go to the hospital in time, but be careful not to use the urine just discharged to clean the wound or store the urine for later use. (In general, middle urine can basically be considered sterile. When there is no detergent in an emergency, you can use urine to wash the wound for cleaning. But be sure to go to the hospital in time)

colour

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1, the urine is colorless-it may be a signal of diabetes, chronic interstitial nephritis and diabetes insipidus. If it is not because of drinking too much water, we should pay attention to differentiation.

2, white urine-white urine is common in pyuria, chyluria, salt urine.

Purulent urine is caused by severe purulent infection of urinary tract, and the urine is milky white. Pyuria is common in pyelonephritis, cystitis, renal abscess, urethritis or severe renal tuberculosis. Chylouria is one of the main symptoms of filariasis, and the urine is as white as milk. Because the chylous fluid absorbed by the intestine (liquid after saponification of fat) can not be drained from normal lymphatic vessels to the blood circulation, it can only flow back to the lymphatic vessels of the urinary system, causing the internal pressure of the lymphatic vessels of the urinary system to increase, and chylous fluid will overflow into the urine, resulting in chyluria. Chylouria is usually paroxysmal. When there are red blood cells in chyluria, it is called chyluria. Microfilaria can sometimes be found in blood and urine of patients with chyluria.

3, salt urine-mostly occurs in children, common in winter. Urine is rice soup-like, mostly because the original urine contains a lot of phosphate or urine hydrochloric acid, which is easy to precipitate after being placed. If urine is heated in a bottle, it will become clear immediately. Saline urine is a normal physiological phenomenon. The key is to drink more boiled water.

4, urine yellow-refers to the urine is yellow or dark yellow. The reason is:

1 get angry.

② In the process of eating carrots, taking Chinese and western medicines such as riboflavin, furazolidone, mieshuiling, rhubarb, etc., the urine may turn yellow, and once the drug is stopped, it will disappear immediately, so there is no need to worry too much. Ordinary patients with fever or vomiting and diarrhea will concentrate and reduce urine because water is discharged with sweat or feces, but the urine pigment has not changed, so the color of urine appears very yellow.

(3) Another kind of yellow urine, like strong tea, is not due to the above reasons, but the liver or eye bags are diseased. It turns out that bile is usually discharged in two ways: one is from urine and the other is from intestine. When the liver or gallbladder is sick, bile is cut off from the intestine, so it can only be discharged from the urine, which is dark yellow due to the increase of bile content. In the early stage of hepatitis, before jaundice appeared, we can often see urine like strong tea, which is often a signal of hepatitis.

In addition, yellow turbid pyuria is the manifestation of pyuria in urinary organs.

5, blue urine-visible in cholera, typhus, as well as primary hypercalcemia, vitamin D poisoning. However, this urine color is mostly related to medication and has nothing to do with disease. Such as taking diuretic aminopterin, injecting methylene blue injection or taking methylene blue, indigo carmine, creosote, salicylic acid, etc. Stop taking the medicine and it will disappear. This kind of blue urine caused by taking medicine is a normal observation, so don't worry.

6, green urine-when there is Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the urine, or when bilirubin urine is left for too long and oxidized into biliverdin.

(1) light green urine: seen after taking a lot of anti-inflammatory drugs.

② Dark green urine: The reason is the same as blue urine.

③ Urodynia: Urodynia is relatively rare, mostly occurring in patients with acute intravascular hemolysis, such as patients with falciparum malaria. Medically known as black urine fever, it is one of the most serious complications of falciparum malaria. There are a lot of free oxygen, hemoglobin and fixed oxygen hemoglobin in the patient's plasma, which leads to dark red or black urine excretion with urine. A few patients take levodopa, cresol, phenylhydrazine, etc. It can also cause black urine, which will disappear after stopping taking medicine. It has been reported abroad that patients with paroxysmal myoglobinuria will also excrete brown-black urine after exercise, accompanied by muscle weakness, which can gradually develop into paralysis. In addition, black urine can also be seen in phenol poisoning, black cancer and urine melanosis.

④ Brown urine (such as soy sauce color): It can be seen in acute nephritis, acute icteric hepatitis, renal crush injury, extensive burns, hemolytic anemia, improper blood matching, and even after strenuous exercise, the urine can be as soy sauce color. Sometimes the urine is brown after getting up from sleep, which is the characteristic of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. If you have this kind of urine after eating mung beans, you should be alert to broad bean disease. The patient's red blood cells lack a substance called glucose 6- phosphate dehydrogenase, which is hereditary. Therefore, brown urine, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, yellowing of skin and eyes after eating broad beans should be sent to the hospital in time to prevent accidents.

7, red urine-urine turns red, mostly because there are red blood cells in the urine, medically known as hematuria. The cause of hematuria is very complicated. There are hundreds of diseases that cause hematuria. It is not so easy to diagnose correctly.

(1) If hematuria is accompanied by nosebleed, gingival bleeding and skin bleeding, it may be a systemic hemorrhagic disease, such as thrombocytopenia, allergic purpura, hemophilia and even leukemia. , are common, hematuria is only a manifestation of systemic bleeding.

② If hematuria is accompanied by fever, joint swelling and pain, skin damage and multiple organ damage, it may be connective tissue disease (such as systemic lupus erythematosus and arteritis nodosa).

③ If hematuria is accompanied by hypertension, edema and proteinuria, it is mostly glomerulonephritis.

Please click to enter a picture description.

④ If hematuria is accompanied by dull pain and discomfort in the waist and abdomen, the patients with urgency, frequent urination and dysuria are mostly urinary system infection or tuberculosis.

⑤ If hematuria is accompanied by lumbago or abdominal colic, renal and ureteral stones are most likely, especially those who are restless in bed, mostly ureteral stones.

⑥ Middle-aged men should consider urethral stricture, urethral calculi or bladder tumor if hematuria is accompanied by dysuria, dysuria and prostatic hypertrophy in elderly men.