The meaning of "I met God instead of looking at it"-when I killed the cow, I got the information with my heart and didn't need to look with my eyes.

but

pronounce

ér？

detailed description

noun

1. hieroglyphs. Small seal script, like a beard. The "one" above represents the nose, and the "|" represents the person; The bottom part has two layers, the outer layer is like a beard with two cheeks, and the inner layer is like a beard born under the mouth. "Er" is one of the radicals of Chinese characters. Original meaning: cheek hair.

Also, so is the cheek hair. -"Shuo Wen"

2.？ Conjunctions inherited from ancient times can connect words, phrases and clauses to express various relationships.

3.？ Express a parallel relationship

There are different snakes in Yongzhou wild, some are black and some are white. -Liu Tang Zongyuan's Snake Catcher

4.？ Represents a progressive relationship

A gentleman is knowledgeable, but he can help himself. -"Xunzi, Encourage Learning"

5.？ Express inheritance relationship

Yu Fang was eager to return, but loudly put it on the water. Song? Su Shi's Biography of Shi Zhongshan

6.？ Represents a turning point

Green comes from blue, and green is blue. -"Xunzi, Encourage Learning"

7.？ Represents a hypothetical relationship

Gentlemen and (if) interested; It's okay to expect a horse. -Qing Xu ke "Qing paper money and war"

8.？ Express a modified relationship, connect adverbials.

I got up. -Liu Tang Zongyuan's Snake Catcher

pronoun

1.？ You; your

Don't you know? -"Poetry, Elegance and Sang Rou"

I know, but I am not guilty. -"Twenty Years of Zuo Gong"

The child came back, but the parents died. -"Mandarin Wu Yu"

It's all in wine and meat, and it's all in your mouth and nose, but how do you know where it comes from? -"Zhuangzi Xu has no ghosts"

And Weng GUI, I will reply with you. -"Strange Stories from a Lonely Studio, Promoting Weaving"

Another example is Weng (your father)

2.？ So, this

The same is persecution, and so is your princess. -"Yutai Xinyi, ancient poetry is Jiao Zhongqing's wife"

Another example is the husband (this person; This person)

auxiliary word

1.？ It means a partial positive relationship, which is equivalent to "zhi" and "de"

Danger and danger are interdependent. -"Huainanzi Ren Jian"

2.？ Used together with Shang, Xia, Qian, Hou, Lai and Xiang, it is equivalent to Yi.

Metaphysical refers to the Tao, while physical refers to the device. -"Yi copula"

3.？ Used in sentences to express rhetorical questions, equivalent to "don't" and "don't"

You are benevolent, but others are benevolent? -"The Analects of Confucius Yan Yuan"

4.？ Used at the end of a sentence, equivalent to "ear" and "where"

It's just that politicians today are in danger. -The Analects of Confucius

verb

1.？ As if, as if

More than 1000 people were drowned, and the army was shocked. -Lv Chunqiu

Source of works

A health care master from Zhuangzi. The Lord of Health Preservation is a famous article in Zhuangzi, which has been praised by people from generation to generation, and it has set up a banner to safeguard human life.

original work

My life is limited, but so is my knowledge. With restrictions, there is no restriction, and it is almost there! It's almost enough for people who already know! Good has no near name, and evil has no near punishment. The Governor thinks that classics can preserve our health, nurture our life, support our loved ones and last for several years.

My skillful hands, shoulders, feet, knees, knives and tenors are all in harmony with the dance of Sanglin, which is a chance for longevity.

Wen said, "Hey, good! So much for technical coverage? "

My master put a knife on him and said, "I am good at what I do, and my technology is advanced." When the first minister solved the cow, he saw nothing but the cow. I haven't seen all the cows for three years. At this time, I saw God instead of looking at him. Zhi Zhi was an official and wanted to do something. Heaven naturally criticizes and guides the big. What's the big deal? A good man is a better cutter; There are many knives and many folds in the family month. Today, I killed thousands of cows with my sword for nineteen years, but if the blade is new. There are gaps on both sides, but the blade is not thick. Without thickness, there will be room for recovery, so 19 years, the blade is still new. Although, whenever it comes to clan, I see its difficulties, but I dare not take it as a warning. I acted late and had a small knife, but it has been solved. For example, I have stood up with a knife, looked around for it, and hid it with great ambition. "

Wen said, "Good! I listened to my master and I have to stay healthy. "

Wen Wenxuan looked at the right teacher in surprise and said, "Who is also a bad appointment?" Heaven and peace? who is it? "

"Heaven is not human. Heaven is born unique, and people's appearance is both. Therefore, it is known that it is also inhuman. "

Zepheasant pecks every ten steps and drinks every hundred steps, leaving no livestock in the van. Although God is king, he is not good.

Dead, Qin hung up and came out in three days.

Disciple said, "Is it evil not to be friends with Master?"

Said, "Of course."

"But, you hang up, what can you do?"

Said, "Nature. At first I thought he was a man, but now he is not. Hanging to me, there are old people crying, such as crying their sons; Crying less is like crying mom. If he knew, someone would have cried without saying anything. It is a punishment to escape from heaven and forget what you have suffered. At the right time, so is the master; Appropriate, the master is also suitable. In times of peace, sorrow and joy cannot enter. The ancients said it was the emperor's county solution. "

It means that poverty is the wage, fire is spreading, and I don't know what to do.

Translation of works

My life is limited, but my knowledge is infinite. It is really dangerous to pursue infinite knowledge with limited life! There is danger, but also the persistent pursuit of knowledge, then there is nothing but danger. You don't need fame to do good, and you don't need punishment to do bad. With the aim of following the nihility of nature, you can protect your life, preserve your nature, save the opportunity of new life and enjoy all your years.

My skilled man is Wen Zai Niu, and he also touches the top of his shoulder and steps on his knees. The creaking sound when the cattle were separated from their flesh and blood, and the swishing sound when he plunged into the knife to solve the cattle, all accord with the rhythm of music, which is different from the rhythm of dance, and the rhythm of songs is harmonious.

Wen Huijun said, "Oh, great! How can your skills be so superb?

My master put down the butcher knife and replied, "I like Tao, which is beyond the scope of technology." When I first slaughtered the cow, all I saw was the whole cow. Three years later, I have never seen the whole cow again. Now when I slaughter cattle, I get information with my heart, and I don't need to look with my eyes. The function of vision has stopped, but the mind is still working. According to the physiological structure of cattle, chop the knife into the big gap between bones and muscles, and then introduce the knife into the gap between joints. Because the knife is used completely according to the original structure of the cow body, even the places where the meridians are connected and the bones are staggered will not touch, let alone the big bones! Good chefs change a knife every year, because they cut with a knife; Generally, chefs change knives once a month, because they cut with knives. My knife has been used for 19 years, killing thousands of cows, but the blade is as good as ever. There are gaps between the joints of cattle, but the blade is so thin that there is no thickness. If you use a blade with no thickness to cut a seam with a gap, it should be wide and have enough space for the blade to move. So this knife has been used for 19 years, just like when it was first opened. Even so, every time I touch the place where the bones and muscles are knotted and see that it is difficult to start, I am still afraid of vigilance, staring at it and slowing down. Although the knife was light, the whole cow immediately disintegrated with a clash, just as the soil was dumped on the ground. I stood up with a knife, looked around, carefree and satisfied, then cleaned the knife and collected it. "

Wen Huijun said, "Well, after listening to me, I know the truth of keeping in good health."

The official document announced that he was surprised to see the right teacher and said, "Who is this? Why only one foot? Is this natural or man-made? " Then he said, "This is natural, not man-made. When nature created him, he had only one foot. The human form is naturally endowed, indicating that it is naturally generated, not man-made. "

The pheasant in the grass can only take ten steps to get a bite of food and one hundred steps to get a sip of water, but it doesn't want to be locked in a cage. Although it is proud in the cage, it is not happy.

When he died, Qin lost his mourning, cried three times and left.

The disciple asked, "Isn't he a friend of the teacher?"

The answer is: "Yes."

"So, how about this mourning?"

Qin Shi said, "Yes. I thought Lao Dan was the man I imagined, but now I know he isn't. I went in to offer my condolences just now. An old man is crying for him, just like crying for his son. There are young people crying for him, just like crying for their mother. He invited such mourners because he didn't have to mourn or cry himself. This kind of situation is to abandon nature, add fuel to the flames to secular feelings, and forget that human life is subject to nature. In ancient times, this practice was called punishment for violating nature. When a person comes into this world by accident, it means that he was born by accident and left by accident, which means that he died by accident. Be content with the times, conform to nature, and all sorrows and joys can't enter the heart. In ancient times, this was called liberating nature. "

The ointment burns out when the candle burns. The fire continues without end.

Creation background

This article is taken from Zhuangzi. The health master is the third.

The meaning of "health master" is the main key to health. This article aims to explain the way of keeping in good health. The author believes that human society is complex and human life is limited. Living in such a complicated society, we should conform to the way of nature and regard it as a normal law of life. Don't pursue fame for good, don't be punished and humiliated for evil. He is good at avoiding all contradictions and right and wrong, "entering a room without thickness" and living his life in the cracks between right and wrong. Only in this way can you "protect yourself", "live a good life", "raise your loved ones" and "do your best". In fact, this way of keeping in good health is developed from Lao Zi's thought of "knowing enough, not humiliating, being content with risks and lasting", which embodies Zhuangzi's thought of avoiding contradictions as much as possible and is a negative philosophy of life.

This negative philosophy of life gives spiritual comfort to people in dangerous and chaotic times or people who are pessimistic and frustrated in the future, which is undoubtedly a negative psychotherapy. However, the story of "an expert knows the cow" itself has positive materialistic thought, and it also gives profound enlightenment to future generations, which also produces popular idioms such as "comfortable" and "full of ambition", which are still in use today. Wang Yang's articles are arbitrary, and his stories are rational and imaginative, which are loved by generations. It is of great philosophical and literary research value. There have always been many annotations, including those of Xiang Jinguo and Guo Qingfan of Wang Xianqian in the late Qing Dynasty.

works appreciation

This article contains reasoning in the story, which is very interesting and enlightening. After putting forward the argument, the article then quotes the story of "My Skillful Hand Helps Cows" to illustrate the truth through the story. This can not only explain the abstract truth clearly, but also avoid boring reasoning and enhance the vividness and image of the article. The article describes vivid images, nuanced details and intriguing.

In Zhuangzi's view, all kinds of contradictions in human society are like tendons and bones in cattle. If it is not handled properly, the damage to the blade is just like the bones touching the blade, so is the damage to people themselves. Therefore, in order to save lives from damage, people should "rely on nature" and "because of nature" and learn to survive in the contradiction. It's like solving a cow. As long as the blade walks along the gap between the tendon and the bone, it will remain sharp and will not be dulled by injury. This is the way of keeping in good health and philosophy of life advocated by Zhuangzi. Obviously, this kind of thinking is negative, but the story of "being an expert in understanding cows" itself has positive materialistic significance. Why can I reach the state of "comfort"? The reason lies in "good Tao", and Tao is the regularity of things. Cattle's body has its natural structure, and I have learned and mastered its structure from long-term practice. Therefore, when I am trying to solve the problem, I can "meet God but not see him, and be willing to do it with Zhi Zhi as an official", which is orderly and rhythmic. Doesn't this mean that to master things skillfully, we must first master the regularity of things! At the beginning of my understanding of cows, I saw nothing but cows. Three years later, I "haven't seen all the cows" and have mastered the structure of cows. 19 years of practice has finally reached the realm of "freedom". This development process fully shows that to understand and master the laws of things, we must go through a long-term and serious practice process. After being extremely skilled, I still dare not take it lightly when solving cattle. He "sees the difficulties of family as soon as it comes to it", "takes a warning, looks at it, acts late and rarely uses a knife". The reason is profound.

For example, skilled people write about how to understand cows, express different movements of hands, shoulders, feet and knees by touching, leaning, walking and squatting, and express the subtle differences of different sounds by "tu", "tu" and "tu", with accurate words and descriptions. Others, such as The Voice of the Cow, are alto, which is suitable for dancing. However, in Hui, the expression of "standing with a knife" and "full of ambition" after writing my understanding of cows is even more elegant and charming, reaching a high artistic level. The structure of the article is also commendable and consists of six paragraphs. The first paragraph is the outline of the full text, which generally discusses the way of keeping in good health. The following four paragraphs tell four fables respectively. The last paragraph is the metaphor of the exhaustion of salary and fire, which summarizes the full text and further explains that the way of conforming to nature is the center of health preservation. This unique serial structure is unique to Zhuangzi.

Brief introduction of the author

Zhuangzi (about 369 BC-286 BC) was born in Song Guomeng (now the northeast of Shangqiu County, Henan Province) during the Warring States Period. He used to be a painter, living in the same era as Mencius or later. Zhuangzi, the main representative of Taoism in the Warring States Period, praised Laozi's theory and opposed Confucianism and Mohism. Later generations called him and Lao Zi "Lao Zi". Zhuangzi studied under Laozi, developed Laozi's theory and became a Taoist master.

Zhuangzi passively escapes from real politics and pursues the absolute freedom of individual spirit, which is different from Qu Yuan's Zhuang Sao and together constitutes the source of romanticism in China literature. His writing is "deeper than metaphor" and "deeper than taking images", and he is good at using image reasoning. It is Fable 19, which is brilliant in literary talent, beautiful in Wang Yang and graceful. With its peculiar imagination, extraordinary discussion, wanton writing and novel metaphor, it is unique in the prose of pre-Qin philosophers, and has had a great influence on the development of China's prose art.

Zhuangzi is a compilation of articles written by Zhuangzi and his disciples. It is generally believed that among the 32 existing Zhuangzi, 7 Inner Chapters were written by Zhuang Zhou, and 15 and 1 1 were mixed with Zhuangzi's later works. But on the whole, the basic viewpoints of Waipian and Zapian are consistent with Neipian, which generally reflect Zhuangzi's thoughts.