On the surface, calligraphy refers to the statutes of writing. In life, the word calligraphy has the following meanings: first, it is synonymous with a written work or the floorboard of all written works; Second, an art category generally refers to the art of writing Chinese characters. Kang Youwei said in Guang Yi and Zhou Shuang: "Tang Yan is a structure, and Song and Shang Yi Qu", from which we can see that calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty pursued the highest and most rigorous statutes, and its calligraphy achievements were also the highest in the history of calligraphy.
Calligraphy is a unique traditional art in China. Chinese characters in China were created by working people and began to be recorded by pictures. After thousands of years of development, it has evolved into today's writing. Because our ancestors invented the brush, calligraphy came into being. Throughout the ages, Chinese characters were mainly written with a brush. As for other writing forms, such as hard pen and finger calligraphy, their writing rules are basically the same, but they are not completely different from China's calligraphy.
Appreciating the art of calligraphy is not easy. The difficulty in appreciating it is that it is too abstract. Abstraction itself lies in that the art of distinguishing reproduction can intuitively capture a picture and a scene of life, so that viewers can comment on works of art with reference to their own life experience (of course, this also requires viewers to have certain aesthetic ability), such as painting, film and television, opera, sketch and so on. The appreciation of calligraphy requires the appreciator to have a certain cultural and artistic accomplishment, especially the aesthetic education of calligraphy, to be able to recognize or perceive the beauty of different lines, to have a common sense understanding of ancient calligraphy posts, and to reach a certain level of calligraphy appreciation after long-term accumulation.
The abstraction of calligraphy art should be equal to music and dance. The ups and downs of music melody, the length and speed of rhythm, the relaxation or smoothness of rhythm, the brightness of tone, etc. Are closely related to calligraphy. Its similarity depends on the author's ability to control music sounds or calligraphy lines, focusing on life and abstract art, and creating imagination space by applying abstract language symbols. This imaginary space is abstract, unfixed and does not reflect life concretely, but art itself has strong regularity. For abstraction, different people have different feelings about different works and draw completely different conclusions. Therefore, it is also unstable for the viewer. However, to appreciate music, we must master the law of music appreciation. Mastering this law is also the basic musical accomplishment of the appreciator. To appreciate calligraphy, we should also master the language of calligraphy, and have an exact aesthetic ability to the aesthetic feeling of calligraphy lines, that is, just like mastering the law of music appreciation.
The traditional aesthetics of China's calligraphy has always been combined with nature, compared with natural landscapes, clouds, storms and lightning; Or compared with dragons, snakes, birds and beasts; Or compared with the humanities, Jin people are wild and elegant, advocating speaking freely and advocating "charm" for the calligraphy atmosphere; People in the Tang Dynasty were loyal, so the calligraphy style of the Tang Dynasty reached the "statute"; Song people inherited the legacy of the Jin Dynasty and advocated the "artistic conception" of calligraphy. People in Yuan and Ming Dynasties paid more attention to appearance and etiquette, and the book style advocated the "gesture" of words. In other words, no matter which calligrapher, it is difficult to run counter to the background of the times, but everyone has personality differences. This is what Sun Guoting meant when he said that "when he was naughty in the past, now he has different shortcomings". For example, describe Wang Sengqian's calligraphy: "Xie Jia's son is not straight, then he is also a romantic figure"; The word "Ruowu Flower Arrangement" used to describe Mrs. Wei is used to describe the beauty of calligraphy. Describe Wang Xizhi's calligraphy as "vigorous and free-spirited, like a dragon leaping into the sky, a tiger lying in a phoenix pavilion …" and "every' dot' is like a stone falling from a mountain"; "Every' horizontal' is like a thousand miles of clouds"; "Every time' skimming' is like a broken rhinoceros"; "Every time you make a' vertical', you will live as long as a dead vine" ... In fact, different lines give people different feelings, and "straight line" gives people a straight feeling; "Deviation" gives people a thrilling feeling; "Arc" gives people a sense of vitality; "Curve" gives people a sense of movement; "Round lines" give people a soft feeling; The "square broken line" gives people a tough feeling, as well as thick thick lines, dexterous thin lines, thick mottled lines and boundless flying white lines. The ancients also compared the natural, dynamic, vigorous and dignified lines in calligraphy to "leakage mark", "broken wall", "broken hairpin", "conical sand" and "Yin Yinni".
Therefore, whether it is true, cursive script, official script, seal script or running script, it has its own different styles, which are all formed under the combination and function of these different lines. Ou Yangxun's regular script is rigorous and precipitous, and his pen is extremely dangerous, thus saving the day. It is a combination of simplicity, toughness, internal aversion and straight oblique lines, forming such a style; Yan-style regular script is broad, graceful and generous, and the strokes are vigorous and outward, and the beginning and end turn, mostly round strokes. Liu Gongquan's regular script and facial structure are generally similar, while Liu's style is more inclined to be tall and vigorous. Zhao Meng's regular script is meaningful, charming and quiet. This pen adopts a coherent, light and dynamic line style. Then other fonts, such as official script, seal script, north tablet and running script, all have the same lines to combine, for example, the European style corresponds to Cao Quanbei; Yan style corresponds to Shimen Ming, and Zhao Ti and Wang Xizhi come down in one continuous line. As for the use of cursive lines, it is even more colorful.
Chinese characters from Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Jinwen, Shi Guwen, Dazhuan, Xiaozhuan, Lishu, regular script, running script to cursive script, every font change is accompanied by the strengthening process of artistic beauty.
Someone! You can only write in Chinese calligraphy! Chinese calligraphy and calligraphy are completely different concepts! Because everyone can write calligraphy! Maybe some people write neatly in calligraphy! At most, a book writer! Calligraphy is different! Calligraphy can become an art because it is creative. Calligraphers tap personal temperament, academic support and other resources to form a personal style, which is creation. There is only one life, and calligraphy is a lifelong creation made by calligraphers!
So what is the real art of calligraphy?
1, the writing method of China's aesthetic principle;
2. Explain the ins and outs of strokes clearly and accurately;
3. Both stippling and lines achieve excellent performance;
4, the font structure is high-grade and the composition is seamless;
5, the pen is full of ink, and the charm is natural and smooth;
6. The stippling lines are rich and varied, and the characters are ecological;
7. One word and one appearance, lightning protection and harmonious temperament;
8. The works echo people's hearts, and the weather is generous and elegant;
9, the traditional * * * sexual fusion personality style, elegant and vulgar * * * reward;
10, the work tries to avoid flaws and highlight the classic effect of the model.
Calligraphy is not only a kind of culture and art, but also an elegant way of keeping in good health. Quiet can cultivate one's morality, while active can strengthen one's bones and muscles. Swinging ink can strengthen bones and muscles and cultivate sentiment. You can copy the plaque every day and immerse yourself in ancient calligraphy. When writing with a pen, the whole body can move, and the waist, arms, wrists and fingertips will all participate in it, so that the breath can be adjusted and the attention can be concentrated. Over time, it is bound to strengthen bones and muscles, delay aging, keep fit and learn calligraphy, which is a good way to prolong life! Throughout the ages, in the art of calligraphy, most accomplished calligraphers have a long life. Since the Han Dynasty, the average life expectancy of famous calligraphers in feudal society is 25 to 40 years old, and the average life expectancy is optimistic. For example, Liu Gongquan, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, was 87 years old, Ou Yangxun was 84 years old and Yu Shinan was 80 years old.
Words, like people, are used by many people to describe the internal and external cultivation and personal charm of calligraphy, because writing well is the most direct way to cultivate personal external culture! Some leaders learned Chinese characters from childhood, went through hardships and became famous in one fell swoop. They not only have a good reputation, but also can write a good hand and impress people. by going up one flight of stairs immediately! For example, Chairman Mao, the leader of the older generation, has excellent calligraphy art. Today, there are many outstanding celebrity calligraphy in the fields of politics, education, literature and art! Such as Yang Jiechi and Tang Guoqiang.
The cultivation of calligraphy art needs perseverance and years of hard work, which cannot be achieved in one day. There is no shortcut to calligraphy art, and practicing calligraphy is a long and boring process. From copying rubbings, reciting rubbings, to creating calligraphy works, we should be careful, draw one stroke at a time, and learn repeatedly. This process is somewhat similar to the charm of "grinding iron bars into needles". Therefore, only by concentrating, devoting wholeheartedly, persevering and meditating can we achieve positive results. Engaging in the art of calligraphy is of great benefit to tempering people's will.
If calligraphy, as an art, can cultivate sentiment and sharpen will, that is understandable! But it's just splashing ink to write a few words, far from calligraphy! If you want to improve the art of calligraphy, you must constantly learn cultural knowledge and understand the doorway of calligraphy. Therefore, the art of calligraphy is also a cultural "symbol" showing personal cultural upbringing. In ancient times, if you want to get ahead, you should not only be familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics, but also take the imperial examinations and strive for fame and fortune. Therefore, most ancient officials were outstanding in calligraphy because of their reading and high cultural accomplishment. This accomplishment of calligraphy culture is also reflected in the connotation of religious culture. For example, China's eminent monks and great virtues are almost all calligraphy masters, such as Huai Su and Fo Yin, as well as modern masters Qi Gong and Mr. Zhao Puchu! Calligraphy ink is everywhere! Plaques inscribed by calligraphers and Mo Bao can be seen everywhere in famous mountains and rivers, Buddhist resorts, temples, schools and other places.
Calligraphy Mo Bao is the medium of ancient cultural exchange. Preface to Lanting Collection and Preface to Huairen Collection are good textbooks for calligraphy lovers. Ancient people communicated by practicing calligraphy, for example, singing and painting together and exchanging their calligraphy experience. Even letters and poems can be used as a form of communication. In the era when the internet is still underdeveloped, good words are still there. In the Internet age, calligraphers come and go more frequently and widely. Ordinary calligraphy art exhibitions and calligraphy competitions provide a platform for many calligraphy lovers to communicate with each other. Many people have found bosom friends in the calligraphy circle!
Calligraphy is the art of writing, and it is also a unique traditional art type of the Chinese nation. Calligraphy art mainly forms an aesthetic realm through the beauty of pen and ink modeling, stippling and composition in the process of writing Chinese characters, thus expressing people's spirit, temperament and character. Calligraphy art uses abstract "points, lines, pens and paintings" to sublimate the original words with practical value to the artistic realm. As Zong Baihua pointed out: "China's calligraphy is a rhythmic nature, expressing a profound artistic conception of life images and becoming an art reflecting life. Therefore, China's calligraphy, unlike that of other nationalities, stays at the stage of being a symbol, but takes the direction of artistic beauty and becomes an expressive nation, which can also be said to be a feature of China's calligraphy. Calligraphy art does contain profound traditional artistic thoughts, which not only embodies the calligrapher's character and mind, but also externalizes the artist's spiritual temperament into his works, making art close to the rhythm of natural life. People often say that "words are like people", which is a summary of the unique artistic expression of calligraphy. For example, Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting, known as "the best running script in the world", embodies the distinctive personality and naturalness under the influence of Wei and Jin Dynasties. The whole work is not only fluent in brushwork, but also implicit, giving people an unpredictable, authoritative, elegant and lively aesthetic experience.
China's calligraphy art began in the generation stage of Chinese characters. "Voice can't spread in different places, but stay in different times, so words were born. Writer, so it is the trace of Italian sound. " (The Book of Lin Zao, edited by Ma Zonghuo) As a result, words were produced. The earliest works of calligraphy art are not words, but some descriptive symbols-hieroglyphics or picture words.
Symbols depicting Chinese characters first appeared on pottery. The primitive depiction symbol only represents a rough concept of chaos and has no exact meaning.
More than 8,000 years ago, magnetic mountain culture and Peiligang cultures appeared in the Yellow River Basin. There are many characters-like symbols on the handmade ceramics unearthed in Pei Ligang, which are the chaotic combination of the communication function, note-taking function and pattern decoration function of our ancestors. Although these are not recognizable Chinese characters, they are indeed the embryonic forms of Chinese characters.
Immediately after the Banpo site of Yangshao culture about 6000 years ago, some painted pottery with similar characters were unearthed. These symbols are distinguished from patterns, which promotes the development of Chinese characters. This can be said to be the origin of China characters.
Then Erlitou culture and Erligang culture. In the archaeological excavation of Erlitou culture, there are 24 kinds of marked pottery pieces, some of which are similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins, and all of them are single independent characters. Erligang culture was found to have a writing system. Three bones with words were found here, two with words and a cross, which seemed to be carved for practicing lettering. This has made civilization take another big step forward.
The origin of primitive characters is an imitation instinct, which is used to visualize a specific thing. Although it is simple and chaotic, it already has a certain aesthetic taste. This simple writing can therefore be called prehistoric calligraphy.
As mentioned above, the art of calligraphy is closely related to Chinese character writing. As early as 3,000 years ago, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, carved on tortoise shells and animal bones, had laid some basic elements of calligraphy. The Qin Dynasty unified the characters, and Xiao Zhuan became the most important calligraphy style. Today, on the stone carvings of Mount Tai, Langya, Obstruction Stone and Huiji, we can still see the traces of calligraphy in this period. Since then, there have been bold official scripts and freely flying cursive scripts in the Han Dynasty. Wei and Jin Dynasties is an important period in the history of calligraphy. Not only the official script, regular script, running script and cursive script were gradually perfected, but also outstanding calligraphers such as Zhong You and Wang Xizhi appeared, which had a far-reaching influence on the artistic style of calligraphy in later generations. The Tang Dynasty is another heyday of calligraphy art, especially the achievement of regular script reached a new peak, and famous regular script writers such as Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and Ou Yangxun appeared. In the Song Dynasty, influenced by the general trend of literary thoughts, calligraphy paid more attention to the expression of calligraphers' emotions and personalities, forming an overall artistic style called "Song people's interest". During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, calligraphy inherited the ancient meaning, and all kinds of basically complete calligraphy styles also got corresponding prosperity and development. In a word, the Chinese calligraphy art has experienced the glory of Qin and Han dynasties, the charm of Wei and Jin dynasties, the respect for law in Sui and Tang dynasties, the respect for ideas in Song and Yuan dynasties, the continuation of Ming and Qing dynasties, and the inheritance and development in modern times. Can be said to have a long history.
Feng Zhiliang, pen name He Zini,No. Bohai Jushi, curator of Yijing Cultural Center in distinguished professor, Peking University, curator of Baijia Surname Museum in China, dean of China Surname Research Institute, curator of Beijing Surname Cultural Center, curator of Beijing Fengshui Museum, and chief cultural consultant of Beijing Tu Hai Painting and Calligraphy Institute. Mr. Feng Zhiliang is a famous brand promoter, surname cultural scholar, jurisprudence expert, music editor, founder and developer of online news marketing, and once put forward the "blue ocean view" of online advertising value exclusion theory. 20 13 Mr. Feng Zhiliang was employed as distinguished professor of Peking University Institute of Private Economy and Philosophy Department. Mr. Feng Zhiliang has a wide range of knowledge, profound attainments in painting and calligraphy, and is obsessed with literature and history. He is also an expert in studying ancient poets and genealogy. Mr. Feng Zhiliang is the author of more than 500 Poems in Bohai Sea, Surnames and Folklore, How to Compile a Family Tree, How to Compile a Family History, How to Write an Autobiography, A New Interpretation of the Book of Changes, A Handbook for People's Roots, and more than 300 Genealogy of Surnames in China.