1. Rosa in China is only distributed in Xinjiang. The spatial distribution range of Rosa rugosa is 43 53 ′ 94 ″ ~ 46 43 ′15 ″ north latitude and 83 07 ′ 53 ″ ~ 87 33 ′ 37 ″ east longitude. Vertical distribution is 430-748 meters above sea level. Ardisia uniflora is distributed in small and fragmented special habitats, with small population size and relatively narrow distribution range. Soil and microclimate factors play an important role in its natural distribution. The phenological period of Rosa rugosa is divided into six main phenological periods: germination period, vegetative branch expansion period, flowering period, fruit growth and development period, defoliation period and dormancy period. The morphological characteristics of each period are described in detail. The unique biological characteristics and ecological adaptability of Chinese rose adapted to the growth in desert and arid areas were analyzed. 2. From late March to late April, the terminal flower bud differentiation of Rosa lasted for more than 30 days, and the process can be divided into pre-morphological differentiation, bract differentiation, calyx primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation, stamen primordium differentiation and pistil primordium differentiation. Among them, the differentiation of petal primordium only happens once, which is the reason for the formation of single round petals. During the development of reproductive growth cone, two layers of primordia can be clearly observed, and the primordia of each flower organ mainly come from the cells in the edge area of flower meristem. The growth of reproductive growth cone diameter and cell number is higher in the growth cone expansion stage and carpel differentiation stage.