Xie Tao, two people, one created the school of landscape poetry and the other created the school of pastoral poetry. After Sima's power was sidelined in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming lived in seclusion, and Xie Lingyun was still an official in the court. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty was replaced by the Southern Dynasty (420 ~479), Xie Lingyun's title was reduced from hereditary Kangle County to Kangle County Hou and became an official of the regime.
Before the Eastern Jin Dynasty, few people wrote landscape poems. Before Xie Lingyun, there was a man named Guo Pu (276 -324) in the Jin Dynasty. This man is the ancestor of Mr. Feng Shui in China. He is famous for writing immortal poems. Guo Pu's poems about immortals serve as a link between the past and the future for Xie Lingyun's landscape poems.
Xie Lingyun is good at traveling. Every time he travels for an official, he will make a splash and cut the road. For convenience, he also invented special shoes for mountaineering? Thank you? . Xie Shi is a school of his own, and is respected by later generations as the originator of landscape poetry. In addition, he also translated a lot of Buddhist scriptures, because phonetic notation was needed in translation, so Xie Lingyun also played a great role in the later development of phonology.
Xie's poems are mainly composed of five words and four words. At that time, people disdained writing seven-character poems. After Bao Zhao (4 14 -466) appeared, he made great efforts to create seven-character poems. If you look at the poems in the early Tang dynasty, you will find that the five words in the early Tang dynasty were still the mainstream, and in the prosperous Tang dynasty, the seven words gradually caught up. Li Bai's seven-character poems are not very good, but there are many excellent five-character poems. In Du Fu's hands, the seven-character poem has really been carried forward.
Let's take a look at the characteristics of his masterpiece:
An island in the river? Xie lingyun
Jiangnan has traveled for a long time, and Jiangbei has opened up the world. Huaixin Road turned around and looked for another kind of scenery without hesitation. Turbulence tends to be isolated islands, and isolated islands flatter zhongchuan. The clouds are sunny and the water is clear. There is no reward for expressing spirituality, and whoever is true is the biography. Imagine the posture of Kunshan, the middle edge of Myanmar. When you begin to believe in the safety period, you will have to stay healthy for many years.
Climb the swimming pool upstairs? Xie Lingyun is subtle and charming, and Hong Fei's voice rings in the distance. Clouds are ashamed of Yunfu, and rivers are deep. It is difficult to enter morality and wisdom, but it is difficult to return to the field. Poor sea, lying empty forest. I was lying on the pillow, ignorant of the season and climate, and I took a temporary peek. Listen to the waves with your ears open, and look at the place with your eyes open. At the beginning of the scene, the wind direction changed, and the new sun became old and cloudy. Spring grass grows in the pond and garden willows become songbirds. Qiqi hurts the song and feels the sound of Chu. It is easier to live forever than to live alone. Holding exercises is not unique to ancient times, and there is no sign of boredom today.
Have you found that these two capitals rhyme side by side, and there are many even sentences, and almost every couplet is antithetical, which has a great influence on the formation of metrical poems later. Later, in the Qi and Liang Dynasties, Yongming style appeared, and four tones began to be distinguished, and the concept of flat tones was introduced, and real metrical poems began to appear.
Look at Xie Lingyun's A Trip to Yin Hui:
Six slow cantatas, three notes in polyphony. All banquets are silent, and those who are salty will sing. This is the beginning of knowing how to sing, so please follow the instructions. Apply the achievements of pots and publish them in Jiangyan. List the stars in astronomy and the geography in the sea. Fight for a thousand miles, and flow back a hundred miles. The pond is filled with japonica rice, and the clouds are light and the wind is warm.
Did you find that Xie Lingyun is one? Fight? Crazy. At that time, he didn't find a level tone in the literary world, otherwise every capital of his was arranged in five characters. It's a pity that Xie Lingyun was killed by Song Wendi on charges of "rebellion" at the age of 49. Otherwise, will it be discovered in advance?