Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine has always insisted on drinking for the sky and eating for the earth. "Diet" provides the human body with material basis and energy source, taking into account the balance of Yin and Yang. However, God's creation changes in four seasons, so diet, as the first need of human body, should be adjusted according to the ups and downs of Yin and Yang in the four seasons and the changes of cold and heat, combined with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to maintain the body and prolong life. Su Wenliu and Jacky Ji Da Lun said: "Use warm distance, use hot distance, use cool distance, use cold distance, and eat with the same method." Avoid taking warm food and medicine in warm spring and summer; Cold food and medicine should not be eaten in the cold season of autumn and winter. According to the climate change law of spring temperature, hot summer, humid summer, dry autumn and cold winter, the principles of diet and health preservation in spring, long summer, long summer, autumn harvest and winter storage are summarized. Spring is prone to wind evil, and the five elements belong to wood. Tears in the wind hurt the eyes, and sour taste and irritability hurt the liver and gallbladder. (1) First, it should clear up in spring-in spring, the earth is full of vitality, the human body is full of qi and blood, and the functions of organs and tissues are easy to recover. It is appropriate to help people's health and remove the redundant substances that the human body has contained in a winter. The traditional diet pays attention to "five grains are suitable for nutrition, but beans are not good", which means that five grains are nutritious, but without beans, they will lose their balance. Spring is the season when Yang is born. If you eat high-calorie foods such as beans in moderation, you can nourish your body by nourishing yang through diet. There are many varieties of beans, mainly soybeans, broad beans, mung beans, peas and red beans. ② We should increase the intake of some foods and drugs with the functions of soothing liver and regulating qi, such as jujube, carrot, spinach, Malantou, shepherd's purse, celery, water chestnut, chrysanthemum brain, medlar, chrysanthemum, codonopsis pilosula, astragalus root and so on. (3) In spring, due to excessive liver qi and blocked spleen, it is advisable to choose sweet food and medicine to strengthen the spleen and stomach and ensure the body's absorption of nutrients. As Sun Simiao said in Qian Jin Yao Fang: "Preserve acid and sweeten it to nourish temper." Appropriately reduce acidic food and increase sweet food. Adjusting summer in summer is very easy to damage body fluid and consume gas, which will be discharged with body fluid, resulting in deficiency of body fluid and qi. Its yang deficiency is characterized by sweating, cold limbs, listlessness, loss of appetite, thin stool, pale tongue and weak pulse; Yin-blood deficiency is characterized by five annoyances, hot flashes in the afternoon, palpitation, insomnia, dizziness, thready pulse and little moss. ① Relieve summer heat, promote fluid production to quench thirst, and relieve summer poison. Light foods and medicines with heat-clearing function should be selected, such as raw lotus leaves, raw coix seed and lentils. ② Strengthening the spleen and nourishing the stomach to promote digestion and absorption. Foods include corn, coix seed, mung bean, watermelon, cucumber, towel gourd, wax gourd, eggplant and so on. ③ Summer is especially suitable for porridge supplement. For example, lotus seed porridge has the effects of tonifying kidney, strengthening spleen, astringing intestines, nourishing heart and calming nerves, benefiting qi and resisting aging, and is suitable for kidney deficiency, palpitation, loose stool, insomnia, nocturnal polyuria and other diseases. Hawthorn porridge can strengthen the spleen, promote digestion and dissipate blood stasis, and can treat hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, angina pectoris, abdominal pain, dyspepsia and diarrhea in the elderly. Auricularia auricula porridge can moisten lung, promote fluid production, invigorate qi, stop bleeding, tonify deficiency and strengthen heart, and is suitable for lung-qi deficiency, body weakness, hyperhidrosis, dry throat, dry stool, chronic hematochezia and hemorrhoid bleeding. Coix seed porridge is suitable for senile edema, diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, rheumatalgia and excessive leucorrhea. In addition, there are lily porridge, astragalus porridge, grape porridge, tomato porridge, red jujube porridge, beef porridge and so on. Each has its own characteristics, and the elderly can choose to eat according to their own specific conditions. In autumn, the temperature is getting colder and the climate is dry. Autumn dryness is easy to hurt people's lungs, consume lung yin, and make people have symptoms such as dry mouth and throat, cough and phlegm, constipation and so on. Choose foods and drugs that nourish yin, moisten dryness and nourish lung qi. ① From the theory of TCM dietotherapy, it is considered that autumn is dry and "hemp should be eaten to moisten dryness". How to do this? First of all, we should eat less pungent and spicy foods, such as peppers and peppers, and eat more fruits and vegetables, such as wax gourd, radish, zucchini, eggplant, green leafy vegetables, apples and bananas. In addition, Chinese medicine also believes that autumn belongs to harmony and everything converges, so it advocates "eating spicy food to disperse". Is to avoid the accumulation of all kinds of damp and hot gas. Because all spicy foods have the function of emitting, it is recommended to eat some spicy foods such as celery. 3 "Autumn should be warm", that is to say, avoid eating cold and cold food in autumn, and eat more warm food. In autumn, the weather is getting colder and colder, and people's mouth, nose, skin and other parts often appear different degrees of dryness. Therefore, we should eat some foods that produce saliva and moisten dryness, and eat less spicy and fried foods. Suitable foods for autumn are: lily, which has the functions of clearing away the heart, calming the nerves, eliminating fatigue, moistening dryness and relieving cough; Yam is characterized by being neither hot nor dry, and it is suitable for men, women, children, healthy and weak. Lotus root, raw lotus root can clear away heat, promote fluid production and quench thirst, and cooked lotus root can strengthen the spleen and stimulate appetite. Therefore, there is a saying that "lotus root should be cooked in summer and autumn, raw food should be fresh and tender, and cooked food should be old and strong"; Chestnuts have the functions of invigorating spleen, nourishing stomach, tonifying kidney and strengthening bones; Walnuts can warm the lungs and relieve asthma, but also benefit qi and nourish blood, moisten dryness and moisten intestines; Peanuts, peanuts mature after late autumn, should be raw with flowers or ground into soup or fried in water, not fried; Jujube, eaten in autumn, is beneficial to lung and qi. If it can be stewed with tremella, lily and yam, the effect will be better. In addition, pears, water chestnuts, jellyfish, carrots, shepherd's purse, Pleurotus ostreatus, kelp, tomatoes and rabbit meat are also suitable for autumn consumption, while Astragalus, Ginseng, Adenophora adenophora, Lycium barbarum and Polygonum Multiflori are suitable for tonic. Winter is the season of collection. At the same time, the temperature in winter is low, and the skin and blood vessels are tight, which is prone to yin cold and yang deficiency. It is advisable to choose foods and drugs with the function of warming yang and tonifying kidney. Tonifying in winter makes it easier for nutrients to be absorbed and stored, so as to play a better role. Therefore, there is a saying among the people that "make up this winter and kill the tiger in March next year". Therefore, we should follow the principle of warming yang and tonifying kidney, warming but not dispersing. ① Foods suitable for tonifying kidney and strengthening yang generally include venison, deer penis, dog meat, dog penis, mutton, sheep kidney, ox penis, sparrow, pig kidney, eel, dace, silver carp, shrimp, mussel, garlic, leek, pepper, walnut kernel and walnut meat. ② Foods for nourishing yin and tonifying kidney and replenishing essence and marrow include sea cucumber, abalone, nail fish, soft-shelled turtle, ham, pig (sheep and cattle) bone marrow, auricularia auricula, black dates, sesame seeds and black beans. (3) In winter, keep healthy and fast cold diet, and avoid eating cold food. Such as jellyfish, snail, snail, clam, crab, frog meat, water snake, clam meat, snakehead, duck egg, goose meat, rabbit meat, kelp, watermelon, wax gourd, cucumber and so on. (4) Healthy diet in winter: rice, flour products, porridge, etc. Made of all kinds of warm food. Common ones are sea cucumber porridge, mutton porridge, mutton noodles, walnut porridge, ginger porridge, dog meat porridge, sparrow porridge, leek porridge, lean meat porridge, walnut porridge, beef wonton and so on. There is a famous way to keep in good health: "The health of the wise will also be suitable for cold and summer." In short, the dietary supplements of the four seasons should vary from time to time, from place to place and from person to person. According to the actual situation of different seasons, different regions and different constitutions, we should correctly grasp the principles and methods of food supplement in order to achieve good tonic effect. According to the climate change law of spring temperature, hot summer, wet summer, dry autumn and cold winter, the principles of diet and health preservation in spring, long summer, long summer harvest and winter storage are summarized. This column is jointly launched by Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Youth Socialization and Science Store.