Li Jinshun (1892— 1952), female, from Wangqingtuo, Wuqing County. Born in poverty, 14 years old went to Tianjin with his mother to make a living. At the beginning, he studied Hebei Bangzi with Xiao Yuan and Yuan Hongxue. Later, Bai Zhuge studied drums from Jing Yun. /kloc-When he was 0/6 years old, he learned to sing Lotus Seed with Dongfanghong (Sun Fengming). After that, he switched to multi-division, and integrated many talents, forming the "Li School" singing art with Fengtian Luozi as the main representative. Li Jinshun, the founder of the four schools, studied Hebei Bangzi and Jingyun Drum in his early years. After joining the Pingju team, he was determined to reform the singing of Pingju, which not only enriched the expressive force of Pingju, but also reformed the musical instruments and accompaniment methods of the band. However, her innovation was not accepted by the audience who were used to listening to the old Pingju at first. Another year I went to Yingkou to perform, and some viewers even threw cushions on the stage to bombard her to step down. Later, her novel singing method was gradually accepted by the audience and became all the rage. Wherever she goes, the theatre is very active. It is widely circulated that the audience put a cup full of hot tea to their lips and forgot to drink it for her singing. It was not until she finished singing that the tea was cold that she remembered to drink it, that is, the story of Singing Herbal Tea Water. She was enthusiastic about drama reform. In addition to the original four musical instruments, sheng, wind, flute, pipa, sanxian, erhu and sixian are added. To set off the music atmosphere. Carefully designed vocals, the script is covered with all kinds of traces. The performance is also unique, with both singing and doing. The art of Li School has trained famous actors such as Bai, Xi Caichun and Xi Cilian. 1928 performed patriotic fashion drama "Patriotic Huajiao" without fear of traitors and warlords. 1933 exits the stage. 195 1 year accepted the training task of young actors in Peking Opera by Tianjin Cultural Bureau. He died of a heart attack the following winter.
Bai (1907— 1942) was originally named Luanxian. Pingju actor, known as the queen of Pingju, is the founder of the white school art. Bai sang with his father since childhood. At the age of 65,438+00, he began to learn to sing Jingyun Drum, and at the age of 12, he performed on stage. Later, he studied Pingju under Sun Fengming. At that time, it was called "jumping opera" and became the protagonist of Sun's troupe. The name given by master is, so the early drama newspaper used this name, and it became white after it became famous. After Bai Hong became famous, her mother set up the Yushun Pingju Troupe in Laban, and the one who picked the big axis was Bai Hong. 1928, Bai used the old troupe to form the North China Drama Club, which was active in Beijing and Tianjin for several years. Bai's drama became popular, people became famous, and troubles followed. 1934, the mayor of Beiping invited Bai to have dinner, but Bai politely declined. The mayor felt insulted, so he deported Bai on the pretext that the content of her play was unhealthy and unsightly. Bai came to Shanghai, and her artistic talent was fully exerted during this period.
During his stay in Shanghai, Bai cooperated with Yu Lingzhi and Ai Lianjun for the first time, and performed such major plays as Flowers as Media, Empty Valley and Orchid, Peach Blossom Temple, Ma Zhenhua and Pearl Shirt. Later, he starred in "Pan Jinlian" with a famous Peking Opera actor, which was a great success and Bai's fame became more and more famous. Bai's singing art not only touched the audience in Shanghai, but also touched the literary and art circles. Famous dramatists, Hong Shen and Tian Han published articles on current affairs news, praising Bai as the queen of Pingju, and some newspapers called her a master of Pingju. 1936, the star company released the movie "Begonia Red" starring Bai, which caused a sensation in the north and south of the country, not only improving Bai's popularity, but also expanding the influence of Pingju. 1937 Bai left Shanghai and returned to the north. Mainly between Beijing and Tianjin. Soon the Lugouqiao Incident broke out and North China fell. Although the play is still singing, life is even worse. On the one hand, poor social interaction will suffer. During this period, there are mainly some old plays, and occasionally some new plays will be rehearsed, such as Pan Jinlian, Yutangchun, Du Shiniang, Poor Qiuxiang, Peacock flying southeast, etc. This is the most mature period of her art. On June 29th, Lunar Calendar 1942, Bai Yin, who was only 36 years old, died of uterine cancer in Tianjin.
Liu Cuixia, a native of Wuqing County, Hebei Province, was born in 19 1 1. 13 years old was sold to Dalian to learn pear flower drums. A year later, her relatives borrowed money to redeem her. At the age of fourteen, she began to learn to sing Pingju with the artist Zhao Yuelou. Sing red Tianjin at the age of eighteen. She is good at playing Tsing Yi and Hua Dan. His famous plays include Embroidered Shoes, Beating Dogs to Persuade Husband, Jade Bracelet, Meng Jiangnv, Wang Shaoan's Catch a Boat, Pearl Tower, Yang Sanjie's Complaints, Sisters' Home, and Lonely Valley. Her voice is crisp, based on high notes, loud, high-pitched, confident and true. She created a unique and sonorous "Liu School" art, which has a great influence in Tianjin and even the Northeast. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Liu Cuixia was the most popular Pingju actor in Tianjin, known as the "king of Pingju" and a famous "golden voice", who could sing for one hour. She is also a famous actress who doesn't pay attention to performance. She thinks the audience is coming to see the opera. Sometimes, she will sing for a long time and keep a straight face. Conquer the audience by highlighting singing skills. Tianjin people say, "It is better to have tea than to listen to Liu Cuixia". Liu Cuixia is kind and sincere. 1939, Tianjin was flooded, and she bought food for everyone. Regardless of my personal safety, I moved to the National Theatre and suffered with everyone. She organized charity performances and raised money to donate a cemetery for artists who had nowhere to be buried after their death, which was called "Yi Di". Even when she was seriously ill, she still had to be carried to the theater to perform, because if she didn't perform at that time, the theater would have to refund the ticket and the artist wouldn't get the money. She continued to perform until her death.
However, her personal life is quite unfortunate. Because of too much entertainment, fatigue and a happy marriage, she began to smoke opium and white flour, drugged herself and became irritable. 194 1 year, Liu Cuixia, who was only 30 years old, died of tobacco poisoning and disease.
Xi Cailian (1916-1997.2.7) is a famous performing artist of Pingju, the founder of the western school of Pingju, and one of the "four famous artists" in early Pingju. Formerly known as Zhang, he was born in Ye County, Shandong Province. At the age of 65,438+00, Wu Shoupeng, an artist of Lotus Falls, became a teacher. Influenced by Li Jinshun's art, he became famous at the age of 65,438+08. He once performed in Yuanshun Drama Club, and later changed his name to Lotus Troupe, and went to Ping Jin and Shanghai to perform. In 1930s, he performed such fashion dramas as Patriotic Bridge, Poor Chou-heung, Yang Sanjie's Complaints and Official Tide. At the same time, she also transplanted Peking Opera plays, such as Ou Yangyuqian's Peach Blossom with Face, Peacock Flying Southeast and Mei Lanfang's Feng Haichao. In Shanghai, she actively reformed the band, adding pipa, sanxian and erhu, changing the big bangzi into the south bangzi, and adding lights and scenery on the stage. Because of these innovations and reforms, dramatists such as Ou Yangyuqian, Tian Han and Hong Shen once wrote articles praising her as an "artist of the times". Xi Cailian's singing art has a solid foundation. Later, she absorbed artistic elements such as Peking Opera, Bangzi, Drum Skin and Shadow Play, which enhanced the artistic expression of her singing and improved the singing quality of Pingju. Her singing is novel and generous, colorful and lyrical, steady and charming, and has a unique singing style. After the founding of New China, she cooperated with musicians and made new progress in the art of singing. She not only worked in Tsing Yi and Hua Dan, but also made great contributions to Lao Dan and Cai Dan. Her plays such as Borrowing the Year, Peach Blossom Temple, Wildfire and Fighting the Ancient City, The Great Wall of the South China Sea, Little Son-in-law, Xiangyang Shop, Horse Widow's Shop, Bao Gong's Three Surveys of Butterfly Dreams, Home and Bao Gong's Compensation have been well received by the audience. Engaged in teaching in his later years and achieved remarkable results. Xi Cailian went to the Northeast to make a living with his father since childhood, when Pingju was born in the Northeast. She likes pingju since she was a child. At the age of 65,438+065,438+0, he joined the Fu Sheng Drama Club under the lotus artist Wu Shoupeng. At the age of 65,438+02, he joined Yuanshun Drama Club, which was influenced by Li Jinshun artistically. 17 took the lead in changing the drama club into Yangchun Club in his class. In the early 1930s, Pingju rose in Tianjin, and a generation of actresses stepped onto the stage of Pingju. Young Xi Cailian broke into Tianjin with Yang Naiwu and Cabbage, Tears of Poor Women, Bitter Autumn Fragrance, Meng Lijun, Legend of the White Snake and Wu Zetian transplanted from Beijing Opera. Xi's performance of picking lotus flowers is charming, brilliant and innocent, gorgeous and not ostentatious. It doesn't cater to the audience with low taste, just like a fresh spring breeze, which brings freshness to the Tianjin audience who are familiar with Pingju. She performed in Tianjin for three months in a row, which made her famous and influential. Since then, she has established the leading role of Xi Cailian Pingju. 1937 In May, Xi Cailian adapted the Peking Opera Zhuo Wenjun and Sima Xiangru into a Pingju, which was a sensation in Shanghai. Xi Cailian plays Zhuo Wenjun, and the famous xiaosheng Zhang Runshi plays Sima Xiangru. In this play, Xi Cailian boldly innovated the dress in the picture of ancient ladies, making the characters look handsome and elegant. The scene of "Listening to the Qin" was added with scenery, and the atmosphere was rendered with bright moon, white clouds, bamboo and other scenery, which achieved the poetic effect and created the application of scenery on the Pingju stage. During this period, Xi Cailian quoted and further transformed the Nanbangzi of Pingju for the first time, adapting to the change from rough and big mouth to delicate lyric style. Xi Cailian also reformed the accompaniment of Pingju, adding erhu, pipa and Qin Yue, and replacing ukulele with nanxian, thus enriching the accompaniment of Pingju and increasing the band's performance ability. This series of innovative measures promoted the development of the stage art of Pingju. After the Japanese imperialism launched the war of aggression against China, Xicilian performed the patriotic anti-Japanese drama "Patriotic Jiao" in Shanghai and "Liang Hongyu and Han Shizhong" in Beijing, which caused a shock in the theater. Because a series of plays staged by Cailian are close to the times and reflect the requirements of the times, they are known as "artists of the times", ranking first with Bai and Bai. The performance of Xi Picking Lotus attracted the attention of some progressive drama masters, such as Ou Yangyuqian, Tian Han, Hong Shen and Peking Opera artist Ma. In September, 1940, Xi Cailian performed Peacock Flying Southeast in Tianjin Grand View Garden. In "Tianjin Daily", there appeared the following words: "Pingju was not paid attention to earlier and remained unchanged for many years. Since Xi Cailian came to Tianjin Grand View Garden for the first time, she sang "Bouncing" vividly and won a seat with great momentum. He also said, "Lian Opera Troupe and others can also be appreciated by upper-middle-class people, so they are not allowed to go on stage to comment on the opera and take pride in themselves. Today, they occupy a stable position in the drama world ... "Xi Cailian's performance is elegant and refined, and the artistic level and performance style of Pingju are constantly improved, so that the beauty of Pingju art meets the requirements of the times and meets the aesthetic needs of the audience. In Shanghai, the association between Xi Cailian, a drama critic, and Ou Yangyuqian, a drama master, is a much-told story in the drama circle. Xi Cailian staged Ou Yangyuqian's book "Peach Blossom" and made some changes, but she never dared to invite the master to the theater after the performance. Mrs. Ou Yangyuqian came to the theater uninvited twice to watch the performance of Xi Cailian, personally guided and invited Cailian to be a guest at home. In front of many famous Peking Opera artists, the master accepted Xi as a disciple. He said earnestly, "Pingju is a flower, and we all need to water and fertilize it ..." Master Ou Yangyuqian's enthusiastic support for Cai Lian is not only his support for Pingju, but also his concern for China opera. Ou Yangyuqian also took time out to rearrange Peach Blossoms with Faces for lotus picking. Xi Ailian benefited a lot from the help and teaching of the master, which she will never forget. Xi Cailian's voice is loud and bright, and her performance is delicate and accurate. She is serious about art. In the old society, she was able to abandon vulgar things and not cater to the tastes of some ordinary people in the ordinary audience. This is really the beauty of her artistic quality. For example, when she was in the drama "Yu Tang Chun", she starred in "Interpretation" and "Trial", and everyone else passed by. In addition, Xi Cailian's artistic innovation is inseparable from her strong enterprising spirit. She not only boldly innovated in performance, but also boldly innovated in singing. She studied sister arts such as Jingyun Drum, Hebei Bangzi, Beijing Opera and Shadow Play, and incorporated them into her singing. Xi Cailian said: "I didn't go beyond the innovation of drama criticism, so that the audience can still admit that I am a drama critic." "This is indeed the road to her innovation and success. Xi Cailian is famous all over the world for its new plays, new features and unique singing style, and has formed a "happy school" of drama evaluation. After liberation, under the care of the government, Xi Cailian, Xiao Bai Yu Shuang and other drama critics formed the New China Drama Critics Group, and later merged with other theatrical troupes to form the China Drama Critics Theater. Xi Cailian worked as both an actor and a teacher in the theater, thus opening up a new artistic world and creating many new characters. She has a wide range of performances, including Hua Dan, Tsing Yi, Lao Dan and Cai Dan. The audience not only likes her early plays such as Picking Flowers with Face, Peacock Flying Southeast, Thirteen Sisters and Zhuo Wenjun, but also likes to see her vivid modern characters such as Chen Kuaitui, Can I, revolutionary mother Yang Auntie, Zhong Apo and Fu Guixiang after liberation. In Wildfire and Spring Breeze Attacking the Ancient City, Xi Cailian successfully created a revolutionary old mother. Among them, the singing of Visiting Prison highlights Yang Mu's revolutionary spirit of loyalty to the Party and courage to devote himself to the revolution. In the Great Wall of the South China Sea, Xi Cailian plays a revolutionary old mother who is fearless in front of the enemy. She gave full play to her high-pitched characteristics in the singing of "Protecting the Flag". Her singing voice is vigorous and loud, rough and heroic, strong and natural and unrestrained, which well reproduces Zhong Apo's heroic spirit of justice and awe. Ai Jie, a rural girl in "Borrowing the Year", is a 49-year-old figure played by Cailian, but her singing skills and manners are still lively and pretty, which fully shows the elegance and charm of Cailian. She cooperated with Xiaobai Yu Shuang and Mattei to perform the play, which was entirely for the purpose of promoting young people and cultivating up-and-coming stars. She created two backward figures in Yuan Tiancheng Revolution and Xiangyang Store respectively, and whether she can pay Gui Xiang, especially Fu Guixiang, left a deep impression on the audience. What a pity! On the basis of timbre, she gave full play to the characteristics of "being fond of school, speaking and singing", made the characters of scum and declining class left over from an old society real and vivid, and showed Xi Cailian's extremely profound singing skills. Xi Cailian cooperated with Wei Rongyuan to adapt the Peking Opera "Chisang Town" and create the drama "Bao Gong's Compensation", which improved the drama evaluation business and enriched Lao Dan's singing style. The play became a famous pingju, which has been passed down to this day. In the field of Pingju, Xi Cailian is not only a senior performing artist, but also a drama educator who strives to train successors to Pingju. She was re-elected as the head teacher of the third student class of China Pingju Theatre, and trained outstanding actors from generation to generation for Pingju.
Xiao Guihua, formerly known as Zhang Liyun, is a nickname army. 1903 was born in Donghe village, Rongcheng county, our city. Because my family was poor, I played in primary school. The original name of Pingju is "Luozi" and "Tiaoju", also called "Pingqiang Bangzi". Because most of the plays staged have new ideas of "warning the world and educating people" and "commenting on the past and discussing the present", they were renamed as "commenting on plays". There is also a saying that Li Dazhao and Lu Xun initiated the New Culture Movement. After watching Luozi Opera in Tangshan, they thought there was something to criticize the society. At that time, Peking Opera was called Peking Opera because it was produced in Beijing and was called Beiping at that time. In order to distinguish it from Pingju, Li Dazhao added the word "Yan" beside the word "Ping" and named Luozi Opera Pingju. 19 17, when drama critic Sun Fengming brought a troupe to Tianjin to perform, 14-year-old Zhang Liyun took Sun Fengming as his teacher and played Tsing Yi and Hua Dan, and changed his name to Xiao Guihua. You Guihua is smart and studious. He performed with the troupe in Shandong, Northeast China and other places, and soon became famous. Guihua, who is only 20 years old, has long been performing in Harbin and Shenyang, enjoying a high reputation. She is good at acting tragedies and actively creating new plays. Wen Dongshan's Meng Jiangnv, A Fierce Romance, Zhao Jun's Embarrassment, Tears of Poor Women and other plays were performed, and the writer Jun Xiao also wrote the Tragedy History of Ma Zhenhua for her, which injected vitality into the stage of Pingju after the performance. She is unique with her loud, clear, vigorous and radical singing style. In 1930s, Bai and Bai called Pingju "the four famous dramas". In 1930s-1940s, he went to Tokyo to record more than 20 records such as The Great Wall of Wan Li. After returning to China, he recorded more than 20 records, such as "Li Lianxiang buys paintings" for generations. After the "9. 18" incident, Gou Guihua left Northeast China to perform in Tianjin, where he studied under famous artists such as Bai, Fu Rong and so on, making his various schools perfect day by day. After the founding of New China, Xiao Guihua devoted himself to the development of Pingju art with great enthusiasm, and performed in Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Jinan and other places, enthusiastically starring in Little Son-in-law. 1953 won the outstanding performance award of the Northeast Opera Music and Dance Observation and Performance Conference. 1962 performed in Beijing with Bai's daughter, one of the four famous dramas of Pingju, showing the new artistic life and emotional appeal of the two schools of Pingju, which caused a sensation in Beijing opera and was well received by the art world and the audience. Xiao Guihua is a member of the Third China People's Political Consultative Conference. 1988 died in Siping city.
Ailianjun (19 18- 1939), one of the "four famous poets" in early Pingju, was the founder of Pingju Love School. His real name is Zhao Jiuying. Tianjin people. Pingju actress, Gong Danxing. When I was a child, I sold it to Zhao as my adopted daughter. /kloc-at the age of 0/2, Zhao Yuelou studied drama criticism and studied under his senior brother Wang. /kloc-At the age of 0/4, the Ailian Society was founded and starred in the class. 16 years old performed in Shandong, Jiangsu and Shanghai after singing in Tianjin. Together with Bai, Yu Lingzhi and Zhu Baoxia, it opened the Jiangnan stage and expanded the influence of Pingju. Enjoy the audience for a while. Representative plays include Foolish Police, The Story of Bees, Burning Bones, Biography of Geng Niang and Three Drives of Korean Pears. Since the mid-1930s, Victory and Guo Le Company has recorded many records for it (nearly 20 records of 20 plays have been collected). Later generations include Ai Lingjun, Ai Youjun and Lian Xiaojun. His artists include Xiao Modeng (Qian Yu Fang), Xiao Yufang and Hua Shulan. Ailianjun's voice is pure and soft, sweet and crisp. The nasal cavity is excellent, and the width and height are freely used. When singing, the pronunciation is clear and energetic, with obvious Tianjin pronunciation. She learns from others' strengths and puts them into practice. In practice, she has formed an artistic style of high pitch (Bb key), high pitch accuracy, low melody, softness, beauty and finesse, which is called "Love School". In the structure of adagio singing, she pioneered the form of adding doors (small mats) between clauses and between the next sentence and the previous sentence, which was widely circulated. Melody, Pi Huangqiang, four tones and other music collections, as well as pop songs, are all integrated into their own vocals, and they often use five or seven degrees of jumping in the cavity to produce distinctive musical characteristics. The jumping and flexible "Tuoqiang" singing method is often used in singing, forming a unique singing style. In Ann, she collaborated with pianist Zhao on a popular song "Mid-Autumn Festival Flying South in August" in the mid-1930s. At the same time, she also used adagio more. The words she sings are powerful, ups and downs, and the rhythm is rich and changeable. I also sing some plays with the villain's mouth, which is playful and lively and deeply loved by the audience. In addition, her [anti-tune] and "Maike accent" are more colorful in melody than before.