Author: Su Shi

Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, happily drank the next morning, drunk, wrote this word, and missed my brother Su Zhe.

When did the moon begin to appear? Ask heaven for wine. I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time. I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade. Dance to find out what shadows look like on the earth.

The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self. The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.

To annotate ...

Water diversion title: epigraph name. This article is selected from Dongpo Yuefu Notes (Commercial Press 1958 edition).

Chen Bingxi Ning's Nine Years (1076)

Dardan Morning Post; sky

Zi was written by Su Shi's younger brother Su Zhe.

Put the wine on the glass.

Que in the sky refers to the buildings erected left and right in front of the palace. Que and the ancient palace are in the middle of the moon.

Go back to heaven.

Qionglou is a building made of jade and beautiful jade, which refers to the imaginary fairy palace.

Can't stand it.

Know this movie: enjoy it. It means that the figure in the moonlight also makes all kinds of dances.

There's nothing better.

The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self. Zhuge: Zhu Dingting. Qihu: Gorgeous doors and windows are carved with flowers. The moon turned the scarlet pavilion and hung low on the carved window, shining on people who were not sleepy.

I wish but: just.

Thousands of miles * * * Shan Juan * * *: Enjoy it together. Chanjuan refers to the moon. Although thousands of miles apart, you can enjoy the beautiful moonlight.

translate

On the Mid-Autumn Festival in Chen Bing, I happily drank (straight) until (the next day) morning, got drunk, wrote this song (word), and also missed (my brother) Ziyou.

When will the bright moon come? Raise your glass and ask the sky.

I don't know what year it is tonight.

I want to go back to the sky in the breeze, but I'm afraid that the beautiful jade building that returns to the Moon Palace can't stand the cold of nine days.

Dancing under the moon to enjoy the clear shadow, it is better to go back to the moon palace than to be on earth.

The moon turned the scarlet pavilion and hung low on the carved window, shining on the people who were not sleepy (referring to the poet himself)

Mingyue shouldn't have any resentment against people, should she? Why is it round when people are gone?

People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of ups and downs.

This kind of thing has been difficult to be comprehensive since ancient times.

I hope the people I love can be safe and healthy, and even if they are thousands of miles apart, they can enjoy the beautiful moonlight.

theme

The thoughts and feelings expressed in this word are very obvious. Due to the political frustration and separation from his brother Su Zhe, Su Shi felt a sense of oppression in the Mid-Autumn Festival. However, he did not fall into a negative and pessimistic mood, immediately eliminated his worries with transcendental philosophical thoughts, and finally showed his love for human life.

Make an appreciative comment

This word is a work of appreciating the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, expressing the infinite memory of my brother Su Zhe. The poet uses the image description technique to draw a picture of a bright moon in the sky, a beautiful woman thousands of miles away, aloof and broad-minded, which is in contrast with the idea of relying on others in the myths and legends of past dynasties, and permeates a strong philosophical meaning in the Moon Loss. It can be said that it is a sentimental work that is highly compatible with nature and society.

The preface to the word says: "Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, drinking too much, getting drunk, writing this article, pregnant." Chen Bing was a.d. 1076 (the ninth year of Xining in northern Song Shenzong). At that time, Su Shi was the prefect of Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province). On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, he enjoyed the moon and drank until dawn, pretending to be the song "Water Turn Around". Su Shi was dominated by lofty Confucianism and practice all his life. However, he is also "good at Taoism". After middle age, he once said that he was "returning to Buddhism and becoming a monk", and he was often entangled in the hypocrisy of Confucianism and Buddhism. Whenever they are frustrated, Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts rise to help them explain the confusion of poverty and progress and retreat. In A.D. 107 1 year (the fourth year of Xining, Song Shenzong), he decided to make Hangzhou an Kaifeng prefecture to avoid the whirlpool of Bianjing political struggle. Ning transferred to Mizhou for seven years, although voluntary, but still in a neglected position. Although there was a "rich face" at that time, it was quite a bit broad-minded, and it was difficult to hide the depression and anger in my heart. This Mid-Autumn Festival poem is the sublimation and summary of this sinister career experience. "Drunkenness" is the main factor, supplemented by "simultaneous pregnancy". For the author who has always adhered to the moral integrity of "respecting the master and benefiting the people", the separation and affair of brothers and sisters is, after all, a secondary ethical burden compared with the national conditions of worrying about the country and the people and invading the border. This point is deeply implied in the preface.

In the natural scenery, the moon is very romantic, and it is easy to stimulate people's artistic association. A crescent moon can be associated with new budding things; The full moon can be associated with a beautiful reunion life; The bright moon reminds people of an aboveboard personality. How many beautiful dreams and ideals of mankind are condensed in the image of the moon! Su Shi is a poet with bold personality and romantic temperament. When he looked up at the Mid-Autumn Moon, his thoughts and feelings seemed to have wings and fly freely between heaven and earth. Embodied in the text, it has formed a bold and free and easy style.

The last one is watching the moon, full of leisure, deep thoughts, down-to-earth, self-sufficient. At first, I asked a question: When did the bright moon begin to exist-"When did the bright moon exist? Ask the sky for wine. " The details of Begging for Wine are similar to Tian Wen written by Qu Yuan and Begging for the Moon written by Li Bai. The obsession with questions and the escape from thinking do have similar essence and spiritual concentration. As far as creative motivation is concerned, Qu Yuan's Tian Wen is full of 170 questions. It was after he was exiled that he roamed the mountains and rivers and experienced the land. He saw "painting mountains and rivers and gods" and "strange performances of ancient saints" in the Temple of King Xian of Chu and the ancestral hall of Communist Youth, and then "asked questions" (Wang Yi's Preface) was the product of touching the scene. Li Bai's poem "Drinking asking for the moon" is self-explanatory: "Old friend Jia Chunling asked him." It's also improvisation. As mentioned in the preface, Su Shi's ci is a rhapsody after enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival and drinking happily, and it is also a "work of artistic conception" (Wang Guowei's Poems on Earth). Everyone has the characteristics of getting up suddenly and asking strange questions. Psychologically speaking, Qu Yuan was in a state of emotional ecstasy before he entered the temple of the former king (preface to Wang Yi's Songs of the South and Questions of Heaven), so he asked the sky, "seemingly stupid but not stupid, extremely angry and sad" (Seeking Truth with New Notes on Hu Chuci). Li Bai is "only willing to be a singer and a wine, and the moonlight shines on the golden urn" ("Drinking asking for the moon"), and the feeling of frustration in the aftermath is also audible. Su Shi wrote this word during Chen Bing's reign. When he opposed Wang Anshi's new law, he invited himself to be appointed as Mizhou. There is both a strong concern about the political situation of the imperial court and a complicated mood of looking forward to returning to Bianjing. Therefore, as soon as the Mid-Autumn Festival arrives, I am drunk and full of interest. The creative psychology of the three men is actually dark.

Su Shi regards Qingtian as a friend and asks for wine, which shows his bold personality and extraordinary verve. Li Bai's "Drinking asking for the moon" poem says: "When is there a moon in the sky? I'm going to stop for a drink today and ask. " But Li Bai's tone here is more soothing, and Su Shi's tone is more concerned and urgent, because he wants to fly to the Moon Palace. "When will there be a bright moon?" This question is very interesting, as if tracing the origin of the bright moon and the origin of the universe; I really want to marvel at the wonders of nature. Readers can feel the poet's praise and yearning for the bright moon.

The next two sentences: "I don't know what year it is tonight." Praise and yearning for the bright moon have been further promoted. It has been many years since the birth of the bright moon. I don't know what day it is tonight at the Moon Palace. The poet imagined that it must be a good day, which is why the moon is so round and bright. He wanted to see it very much, so he went on to say, "I want to go home in the wind, but I'm afraid of beautiful buildings, and it's too cold up there." In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was called "fallen immortals", while Huang Tingjian called Su Shi and Li Bai "two fallen immortals". Su Shi imagined that his previous life was in the middle of the month, so he thought of "going home by the wind." He wants to fly to the Moon Palace in the wind, but he is afraid that the Qionglou Yuyu there is too high to stand the cold there. "Qionglou Yuyu" is from Memorabilia: "Qu Gan only plays the moon on the river bank. How dare you? Xiao Qu said, "You can watch it with me." After reading the monthly regulations for a long time, Qionglou is a rotten building. "I can't stand the cold", using the allusion in Ming Taizu Miscellanies: On the evening of August 15th, Ye Jing can invite Ming Taizu to visit the Moon Palace. Before leaving, Ye told him to wear a fur coat. When I arrived at the Moon Palace, it was really too cold to support. These words clearly describe the coldness of the moon palace, hint at the bright moonlight, and implicitly write the ambivalence of yearning for the sky and nostalgia for the world. There are two other words worth noting here, that is, "I want to go home by wind." Fly to the moon, why do you say you want to go home? Perhaps it is because Su Shi yearns for the bright moon and has long regarded it as his home. Judging from Su Shi's thoughts, he is deeply influenced by Taoism, holds a detached attitude towards life, and likes Taoist regimen, so he often has the idea of being born into an immortal. His "Thousand Red Cliffs Fu" describes the feeling of going boating under the moon, saying: "It is as vast as the wind of Feng Xu, and I don't know where it ends; It's like independence, feather and immortality. "It is also from the full moon to immortality, and this word can be used to confirm each other. On the one hand, the poet's whimsy of leaving the world and surpassing nature comes from his curiosity about the mysteries of the universe, on the other hand, he is more dissatisfied with the real world. There are so many unsatisfactory things in the world that the poet is forced to fantasize about getting rid of this troubled world and living a carefree fairy life in Qionglou Yuyu. Su Shi was later demoted to Huangzhou, and he always had similar whimsy. The so-called "the ship died from now on, and Jiang Hai sent the rest of his life." However, this is just a plan between the lines. Before it started, it was interrupted by another opposite idea: "I am afraid of a beautiful building, and it is too cold at the top." These two sentences took a sharp turn. Although the "Qionglou Yuyu" in the sky is magnificent and beautiful, it is too cold to live there for a long time. The poet deliberately found out the fly in the ointment in the sky to strengthen his determination to stay on earth. One is right and the other is wrong, which shows the poet's love for human life. At the same time, the scene of enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival is still being written here, and readers can appreciate the beauty of the moon and the chill of the moonlight. This turning point shows the poet's ambivalence of nostalgia for the world and yearning for the sky. This contradiction can more profoundly explain the poet's thoughts and feelings of nostalgia for the world and love for life, and show the poet's open-minded mind and lofty aspirations, thus bringing an open-minded style to the lyrics.

But after all, Su Shi loves life more. "Dancing to find the shadow is just like on the earth!" It is better to stay on earth and dance in the moonlight than to fly to the cold moon palace! "Clear shadow" refers to your clear figure in the moonlight. "Dancing to understand the shadow" means dancing and playing with your clear shadow. Li Bai's "Drinking the Bright Moon Alone" said: "I sing. The moon encourages me and I dance. My shadow is rolling behind. " Su Shi's "Dancing the Shadow" was born here. "It's too cold up there" is not the fundamental reason why the author doesn't want to go home, but "dancing to understand the shadow, what is it like" is the fundamental reason. Instead of flying to the cold moon palace, it is better to stay on earth and dance in the moonlight, at least with your clear shadow. The word was written from fantasy to heaven, and here it returned to the feelings of lovers. The psychological transition from "desire" to "fear" and then to "likeness" shows the ups and downs of Su Shi's emotions. He finally returned to reality from fantasy. In the contradiction between birth and WTO entry, WTO entry thought finally gained the upper hand. "What's It Like" is undoubtedly affirmative, and the vigorous and powerful brushwork shows the intensity of emotion.

"When will there be a bright moon?" This was an unsolved mystery in Su Shi's time 900 years ago, but today scientists have been able to work it out. Riding the wind into the moon was just a fantasy for Su Shi, but it has become a reality today. But reading Su Shi's ci today, readers still have to admire his rich imagination.

In the next film, I am pregnant with someone, that is, with a child. I associate the full moon of Mid-Autumn Festival with the parting of the world, and I also feel the impermanence of life. "Turn to Zhuge, low-lying households, sleepless." Turning and pointing down the movement of the moon implies that the night is already deep. The moonlight turned the scarlet pavilion, passed through the carved doors and windows low, and shone on people who had been unable to sleep in the room. Here, it not only refers to the deep feelings of missing my brother, but also refers to all those who are separated because they can't reunite with their loved ones during the Mid-Autumn Festival. "Can't sleep" refers to those who feel sad because they can't reunite with their relatives, so they can't sleep. What a pity! A full moon person can't! So the poet blames the moon for no reason and says, "There should be no hate. Why do you have to make up after you leave? " You shouldn't have any resentment against the bright moon. Why are people round when they leave? In contrast, the sadness of leaving people is heavier. This is to blame the bright moon for deliberately embarrassing people and adding chaos to them. The unreasonable tone further sets off the poet's deep affection for his younger brother, but implicitly expresses his sympathy for the unfortunate.

Then, the poet turned his pen and said some comforting words to excuse the bright moon: "people have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs." This matter is ancient and difficult. " Of course, people have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs. When she was shrouded in dark clouds, when she lost money incompletely, she also had her regrets. Since ancient times, nothing in the world is perfect. In that case, why feel sorry for leaving temporarily? After all, the poet is broad-minded, and he immediately thinks that the moon is innocent. In that case, why should we be sad for our temporary parting? These three sentences, from people to the moon, from ancient times to the present, are highly summarized. Judging from the tone, it seems to be on behalf of Yue Ming to answer the previous questions; Structurally, it is another layer, from the opposition between people and the moon to the integration of people and the moon. Exculpatory for the moon, in essence, emphasizes the philosophy of personnel, while pinning hope for the future. Because when the moon is full, people get together. Very philosophical.

At the end of the word, I wrote, "May people live for a long time and have a beautiful scenery thousands of miles away." "Chanjuan" is a beautiful appearance, which means Chang 'e, which means the moon. "* * * Chanjuan" means * * * bright moon, and the allusion comes from Xie Zhuang's Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "Thousands of miles away, the bright moon is in the sky." Since the departure of human beings is inevitable, as long as relatives are alive, even if they are thousands of miles apart, they can connect the two places and communicate with each other's hearts by shining the bright moon on earth. "I wish people a long life" is to break through the time limit; "Thousands of miles * * * ChanJuan" is to break through the barriers of space. Let the same love for the bright moon unite people who are separated from each other. There is a saying in the ancients that "God makes friends". Good friends are far apart, but they can connect with each other. "Thousands of miles * * * ChanJuan" can also be said to be a spiritual friend! These two sentences are not general masturbation and encouragement, but show the author's attitude in dealing with some important issues such as time, space and life, which fully shows the richness and breadth of the poet's spiritual realm. Wang Bo has two poems: "However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor." It is meaningful and passed down as a good sentence, which has the same effect as "a thousand miles * * * Chanjuan". In addition, Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Thinking Away" said: "When is the bright moon full? At this time, crossing the sea, the horizon is * * *." Xu Hun's "Autumn Sending Faraway" said: "Only wait for the bright moon, and accompany you thousands of miles." You can refer to each other. Su Shi wants to integrate the poems of his predecessors into his own works and cast them into a universal emotion. As mentioned in the preface, this poem expresses the nostalgia for his younger brother Su Zhe (Ziziyou), but it is not limited to this. It can be said that this sentence is Su Shi's best wish to all those who are suffering from parting on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival.

As far as artistic achievements are concerned, this article belongs to one of the representative works of Su Ci. It is unique in conception, boundary and romanticism. In style, it is "a state of washing incense, getting rid of the degree of turning around for a rainy day;" Make people look up and sing a song "(Hu Yin's Preface to the Wine Side) has always been recognized as a swan song in Mid-Autumn Festival ci. Expressively, the first half of the word is written vertically, and the second half is narrated horizontally. The last film is strategically important, and the next film is full of twists and turns. The first half is the innovation of myths in past dynasties, and it is also the evolution and development of fairy poems in Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties. The second half is pure line drawing, and people and the moon are double. It's called deductive physics, but it actually explains personnel. The pen is intricately circling and vacillating. In terms of layout, the top piece rises in the air and seems to be empty; The next wave is cascading, returning to reality. Finally, reality and reality are intertwined, Xu. With the beautiful and magnificent scene as the background, the whole poem expresses the shielding and confusion of wandering immortals to heaven, dancing directly to the world, leaving love and entering the world, and the optimism and good wishes of being broad-minded and conforming to life, which is full of philosophy and human feelings. Be ambitious and novel. Finally, it is the natural expression of the poet's feelings to close the bundle with broad-minded feelings. Emotion and rhyme win each other, and the realm is magnificent, which has high aesthetic value. This word is a good sentence, which typically reflects the clear and broad style of Su Ci.

The author not only praised "the universal consciousness of the world", but also abandoned the modality of "being amazed in the face of magical eternity" (Wen Yiduo commented on the language of "A Moonlit Night on a Spring River"). He doesn't treat the change and development of nature completely detached, but tries to seek the meaning of "following fate" from the laws of nature. Therefore, although this word is basically a kind of autumn rhyme with sparse feelings, it also has the charm of "touching the spring" and is fascinating.

This song "Water Tune" has been well received. Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua" said: "The Mid-Autumn Festival words came out from Dongpo's" Shuidiao Song Tou ",and the rest words were abandoned." It is not an exaggeration to think that this is the best poem to write the Mid-Autumn Festival. This word seems to be a dialogue with the bright moon, in which the meaning of life is discussed. It is both reasonable and interesting, and it is very intriguing. So it has been talked for 900 years. Janice's "first frost Corner": "Singing Dongpo's" Water Tune "is clear and full of snow." In the thirtieth time of the Water Margin, I wrote August 15th, "I can sing a song about Mid-Autumn Festival to the moon", and I sang "A Mid-Autumn Water Tune by a Dongpo bachelor." It can be seen that the song and yuan dynasties sang. The whole poem is bold and broad in artistic conception and optimistic and broad in feelings. The yearning for the bright moon and the attachment to the world, as well as the romantic color, unique style and flowing language, can still give people a healthy aesthetic enjoyment.