Chengxian County was the territory of Yongzhou, Gong Yu in ancient times. Zhou Wenwang became the south of China. Later, the filial piety king made his concubines belong to Qin, raised horses and died, and the land belonged to Qin. During the Spring and Autumn Period, it was a white horse border country. In 22 1 year BC, Qin Shihuang unified China, making it 36 counties in the world and Longxi county, known as Bian Xia Road in history. Wudu County was established at the beginning and changed to a county, which is still called Bian Xia Road. In the fifth year of Yuan Feng in Han Dynasty (BC 106), thirteen states of secretariat were established, and Wudu County was subordinate to Yizhou secretariat. In the 19th year of Song Yuanjia (442), Pingqiuchi entered the Song Dynasty and moved to Wudu County in southern Qin Zhou. In the seventh year of Emperor Taizu of the Northern Wei Dynasty (446), Qiu Chi Town was built at the beginning and was transferred to the county seat. In the second year of the Western Wei Dynasty (553), southern Qin Zhou was changed to Chengzhou, and Tonggu County was established at the beginning.
The Journey to the West, the historical and cultural heritage of Chengxian County, is world-famous. Xi Huang Fu, the full name of Hanyang Ayang Xi Huang Fu, is located at the foot of Tianjing Mountain, west of Chengxian County, Longnan City, Gansu Province 13 km. Here, the green hills are opposite, there are streams in the middle, the pool is like pearls, and there are traces of the ancient plank road on the cliff. The Cliff Monument in The Journey to the West is 220 cm high and 340 cm wide. The inscription is Hui 'an West Table, and the text is engraved with 20 lines and 385 words. Inscription for Han Li, each word about 4 cm square, smooth and vigorous strokes. The inscription describes the life of Li Ming, the magistrate of Wudu County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his achievements as a local governor, and praises his moral policy of leading the people to narrow the road to the west and benefiting the people.
The inscriptions and calligraphy of The Romance of the West Chamber have high archaeological research and copying appreciation value, which once set off a research fever of The Romance of the West Chamber in China and Japan. The inscriptions on the tablet with lines 12 and 142 were carved by Qiu Jing, a native of Chengxian County, Longnan. Li Keran, a famous contemporary master of Chinese painting, wrote the inscription "The West Chamber" on the right side of the Cliff Monument. The right side of the text is engraved with the images of Huanglong, Jiahe, Bailu, Mulianli and the people who bear the dew, which is called "Yi Chi Wu Rui Tu", symbolizing that during Li Ming's administration, the government and the people were in harmony, and the grain was abundant and folk music lived there, which is a supplement to the image of the inscription.
After comprehensive evaluation by China Calligraphers' Association and relevant experts and departments, it was officially decided to name "Journey to the West", a cliff stone carving of Han Dynasty in Chengxian County, as "China Calligraphy Monument", which was the first calligraphy monument awarded by China Calligraphy Association in Gansu Province since this activity was launched.
As the Cliff Stone Carving "Xi Xia Fu" in Han Dynasty was named as a famous calligraphy monument in China, it not only gave Chengxian County in Longnan an additional publicity card, but also greatly promoted the implementation of the global tourism strategic cooperation agreement signed by Chengxian County in Longnan and Gansu Civil Aviation Real Estate Investment Co., Ltd., and planned to invest 2 billion yuan to build "Xixianfu Cultural Health Town in Chengxian County, China". At the same time, it also provides important cultural support for the implementation of "one area and two domains" construction layout and the development of global tourism in Chengxian County of Longnan. The calligraphy exhibition of "Narrow Western Words" will be turned into an influential cultural exhibition in Gansu Province and even the whole country, which will lay a more solid foundation for turning Chengxian County in Longnan into a "hometown of calligraphy in China" and a "base for the creation and sketching of China Calligraphy Association".
Jifengshan National Forest Park is located in the southwest of Chengxian County 15km, and Jifengshan is located in the middle of Huicheng Basin, the remaining vein of the West Qinling Mountains, with an altitude of 19 17m. Stretching for more than 20 kilometers. Jifeng Mountain covers an area of 12583.5 mu, and there are more than 200 species of trees and shrubs in 55 families 100 genus, mainly pine and bamboo. There are 102 families, 446 genera, 1296 kinds of fruits, oils, spices, honey sources, medicinal and ornamental plants. The vegetation coverage rate is as high as over 90%. Jifeng Mountain has been listed as one of the eight scenic spots in the county since ancient times, and it is known as "Little Emei in Longyou". Jifeng Mountain is a religious and cultural complex which mainly teaches Buddhism. Jifeng Mountain has been a famous Buddhist mountain in Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan since ancient times. 65438+1May 1999, the State Forestry Administration declared it a national forest park.
Du Shaoling Temple, also known as Du Gong Temple and Du Fu Caotang, was built in memory of Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. It is located at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain, 3.5 kilometers southeast of Chengxian County, on both sides of Niqing River. Du Fu wrote more than a dozen poems in Chengxian, including Longmen Town, Cave, Jicaoling, Tile Mountain, Phoenix Terrace, Wanzhangtan, Seven Poems Living in Tonggu County, Gan Yuan, and Fatonggu County.
In the second year of Su Zong (AD 759), Du Fu angered Emperor Su Zong by telling the truth and was forced to leave the court. He took a family with him and went west to Qin Zhou with the fleeing hungry people. At that time, in Tonggu County (now Chengxian County, Longnan City, Gansu Province), which is more than one hundred miles away from Qin Zhou, there was a county magistrate called "Good Master" by Du Fu. When he heard that Du Fu had arrived in Qin Zhou, he warmly invited Du Fu to settle down. This "mentor" did not worship Du Fu's poetic talent, nor did he take Du Fu in out of pity. He mistakenly thought that Du Fu had always been a scavenger around the emperor and a person who could reach the holy court. He made friends with Du Fu so that he could introduce himself in the future. However, when he met Du Fu and knew that Du Fu could not recommend him, but might implicate him, he sent Du Fu away with a meal and never spoke to him again. Therefore, Du Fu had to build a humble hut next to Longfei Canyon in Tonggu County, and lived a hard life by eating oak chestnuts.
During his more than one month in Longnan, Du Fu wrote more than twenty poems, such as Fajing Temple, Longmen Town, Phoenix Terrace and liangdang county Wu's Yujiang Building. In the sequence before and after his trip, Seven Poems in the Same Valley is the most famous masterpiece, which shows us the great changes in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Because of his special sensitivity to many aspects of social life, his works are full of human feelings, which makes people feel sad and unforgettable. In these poems, he lamented the sufferings of the people, felt sad for the broken mountains and rivers, and resented the heavy taxes imposed by the government; What is particularly commendable is that he broke through the shackles of Confucian loyalty to the monarch and sought a spiritual strength to support himself in extreme depression.
This seven-character poem truly and vividly records the hard life of the poet's family when they were trapped in the same valley. Described the terrible experience of a family and the great sorrow of separation of flesh and blood. The life described by the poet is: "If you don't have enough to eat, you will be punished for picking up oak chestnuts, and there is no snow in Huang Du"; Its clothes are not covered, "the number of short clothes can't cover the tibia, and the hands and feet freeze to death"; Its home is desolate and dilapidated. "The ancient city of Artemisia annua can't open the clouds, and the white fox jumps over the beam and the yellow fox stands"; Its appearance is aging, "a hundred hairs hanging down the ears"; Its posture is weak, "the body is unknown and old, and the three are thin and strong"; His mood is pessimistic and hopeless. "Men groan, women sing silently, and the west wind falls from the sky for me"; Its whereabouts are erratic, "three years of famine mountain." In his poems, the author not only emphasized his guest status and miserable life, but also exposed the abnormal political phenomenon of snake swimming in the court at that time from both home and country, and also lamented and shouted the injustice of his ambition.
The cultural complex that is hard to give up makes Longnan people forget Du Fu. Chengxian expanded the place where Du Fu lived into Du Fu Ancestral Temple, and later renamed Du Fu Caotang, which became a key tourism project and a rare cultural landscape in Longnan. In fact, Du Fu only lived here for more than a month and didn't build a room. Why can he say "Don"? It's just a way to commemorate the poet. After Du Fu's "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", Du Fu's 100-odd Longyou poems have reached a new height in ideology and artistry, which has had a great influence on later poetry creation and research criticism, and is an excellent work with milestone significance.
There are many historical and cultural celebrities in Chengxian County, including Qiu Jing, Han De and Bian Xia. Good literary works, Emperor Jianning of Han Dynasty is a follower of Wudu County. In the fourth year of Jianning, Li Ming, the magistrate of Jianning, opened a narrow road in the west and carved stones in Jing. The following year, the analysis of Ju (now Lueyang, Shaanxi Province) was completed, and the whole story was recorded again. The West Chamber is a cliff stone carving, written by Jing and written in calligraphy. Writings and books are quaint, but there is no such name as Jing in Historical Records. I'm sorry. Hatred is a long word, which distinguishes people. Lingdi Jianning was appointed as Wudu county magistrate in A.D. 172 (the first year of Xiping), which became a bridge in the analysis of his residence and was praised as a book. Calligraphy is a must. With millet, I don't know its Curie surname. In 90 1-904 AD (during the Tianhou period of Tang Zhaozong), the emperor moved the capital to Qi with Zhu Wen's rebellion, and then he went over hunting and flew to Egypt hundreds of miles away from the two houses. Tongguzi walked across from Qingniu, writing something and chanting "Song of Five Sons". After thinking about it, the king of Qin was blindsided by the camera, and the matter went away. The emperor returned to Chang 'an, sent messengers to call him, and fled. Therefore, it is hidden as an irrigation garden in Hanyang. Andy, a native of Song Dynasty, was nicknamed "Zhang" and "Zhang Stork Eye". At the beginning, I chose the former army cavalry and won many battles with the Jin people. Later, he was in charge of Zhangzhou, the deputy capital, and moved to Mianzhou for control, and repeatedly made meritorious military service. After the attack on Qin Zhou failed, he stopped fighting and died in Lizhou, and was finally observed by Yangzhou. Zhang Jian, whose real name is Curtin, was born in Zhangqizhai, Qingcheng County. During Jiaqing period, he was a tribute student of Xinyouke and was officially appointed as the first-class official of the Ministry of Punishment. He was honored as a "teacher" by Emperor Jiaqing and as a "night light" by Jiaqing people. He was a famous Beijing official during Jiaqing period.
Chengxian, with fertile land and rich products, is a land of abundance in Longnan, with known plant species 1958. The main food crops are winter wheat, corn, soybeans, potatoes, buckwheat and so on. And it has always been the granary of Longnan in history. The cash crops are mainly winter rape, garlic and a variety of four-season vegetables; Economic forest fruits mainly include walnuts, persimmons, cherries and chestnuts. , as well as gastrodia elata, poria cocos, Eucommia ulmoides and other precious medicinal materials and more than a thousand kinds of medicinal plants.
There are 54 species of animals, including sika deer, leopard, bear, thrush, golden pheasant and other wild animals.
There are seven kinds of proven metal deposits in China, such as lead, zinc, gold, silver, iron and manganese 17, among which lead and zinc reserves are relatively large, ranking the second largest lead-zinc belt in China, with geological reserves of about 1 1 10,000 metal tons. Chengxian has built five major industrial systems, namely, building materials, wine making, agricultural and sideline products processing, and energy and chemical industry, which are led by lead and zinc.
The folk culture of Chengxian County is rich and diverse, with unique features.
Dragon dance, popular in all parts of Chengxian County, has a unique shape and extraordinary momentum. In addition to the unique dance method, the production skills of dragon lanterns are also different from those of ordinary dragon lanterns. On the basis of inheriting the ancient traditional dragon dance skills, its dance rules absorb, apply and give play to the characteristics of "combining rigidity with softness" in China traditional folk dance and classical opera dance. It is suitable for the special terrain in mountainous areas, and it is constantly developing and innovating in the wide spread. As far as artistic style is concerned, the dragon dance in the mall is unique and famous for its colorful, varied and vigorous performance forms. Their dragon dances are divided into twelve segments, nine segments and seven segments, most of which are made of silk or colored paper. The dragon body is painted with gold scales, the "flame" cut by red cloth hangs on both sides, and the dragon tail is made of bamboo branches. Under each festival, a barrel-shaped lantern made of red paper or HongLing can light candles at night, which is called a dragon lantern. When dancing the dragon, one person holds one, headed by the palm-holder, dancing in full swing, or crossing the street, or going around the circus, or sweeping the floor ... The dragon looks up, followed by everything, and everyone dances at the same time, accompanied by percussion music of gongs, drums and cymbals, marching with the steps of "two dragons playing with pearls" and "dragon board jade pillars". Especially when the dragon dance reaches its climax, the dragon dancers should try their best to jump, roll or lie on the ground, and show the changes of a dragon vividly. From a distance, a dragon is tumbling and jumping, with a passion and a heroic spirit. Dragon dancers seem to place their ideals and expectations on this dragon, which seems to make people dance. At this moment, people no longer regard the dragon as a symbol of ancient good fortune, but as a strength, a spirit and a belief!
In Dachuan, Chengxian County, on the north bank of the rhinoceros river, there has been an elegant and cheerful folk custom-"stepping on words" since ancient times. This unique folk custom is a must in the traditional Spring Festival celebrations in Longnan. The activity of "stepping on blessings" is generally held from the tenth to the fifteenth day of the first month of each year. During the Spring Festival, folk artists from Dachuan, Wang Yao and Zhaizi villages on the north bank of Rhinoceros River and neighboring villages such as Wanhe, Lishan and Gongshan on the other side of the river were busy for a long time. Every village should organize a community fire, usually by stepping on the word "fu" first and then singing a short opera. Villages exchange performances with each other, one is to wish each other good luck, and the other is to bring the relationship between villages closer. In fact, they are rehearsing for the large-scale "stepping on words" on the fifteenth day of the first month. The performance procedure of "stepping on characters" is generally divided into three stages. The first stage is stepping on characters; Secondly, singing operas, such as dragons and phoenixes, family photos, birthdays, decorated buildings and Zheng, etc. Finally called "Qiang Qiang" (screaming). The so-called "Qiang Qiang" means that the stick head says some lovely auspicious words, and the actors who take part in stepping on the characters echo each other and shout out the word "you"! Meaning is everything. Generally speaking, Kyrgyzstan is a rhyming poem, leading the pitch, echoing like spring thunder, and everyone is happy.