Japan's flower path

In Japan with four distinct seasons, there are flowers in different seasons. People are not simply picking flowers for decoration, but trying to express an artistic concept, which produces the art of flower arrangement. This kind of art reproduces the natural scenery, or combines the material structure of flowers with the forms of heaven, earth and people. There are many schools that hold the concept of this flower pattern.

According to the needs of the times, the art of flower arrangement has produced various forms, and today, it still maintains a strong vitality: vertical flower, raw flower, flower arrangement and flowering. There are 2,000-3,000 schools, the largest of which is Chifang. It is said that there are 65,438+0,000 disciples. Followed by small original flow, grass flow and so on.

The decorative flowers in the niche of Ewha Academy were created by Chifang in Muromachi era. Pine, peach, bamboo, willow, red leaves, cypress, etc. They are all used, and the form of directly inserting water into the bottle mouth is called vertical flower.

In the middle of the Edo period, flowers for entertaining guests were born, mainly in niches. Different from the investment method and the flower holding method, the instruments of flower arrangement symbolize the earth, mainly not expressing the beauty of grass and flowers, but the vitality of vegetation extension.

The method of keeping the natural shape of flowers in a deep flowerpot is like throwing flowers at will, hence the name. There are three forms: hanging on a niche, hanging on a column, and placed under a niche.

A water tray or basket for holding flowers and filling these containers with flowers, hence the name. At the end of Meiji, due to the planting of western flowers and the increase of western architecture, this flower arrangement method was not limited to niche decoration. There are also some schools, such as Liu Xiaoyuan and Anda. Blooming flowers can be said to be the mainstream of modern flower arrangement art ..

Japanese tea ceremony

Tea originated in India and spread at the same time as Buddhism. China Japanese Tea Ceremony Tea was first introduced to Japan in Nara era and brought to the Tang Dynasty by envoys. Tea, which once declined, rose widely again in Kamakura era. In the Muromachi era, under the leadership of General Ashikaga Yoshimasa, Zhuguang Murata began to make tea on a couch with four and a half beds, which became a tea ceremony. In gardens or temples, temporary teahouses can be set up, and of course there can be outdoor tea ceremony, but for tea ceremony, tea room is essential. Ordering tea is called "before ordering". Its order is to put tea powder in a tea bowl, pour boiling water, and then stir it with a small round bamboo brush to make it foam. When drinking, pick up the tea bowl in your right hand, put it in the palm of your left hand, and then turn the tea bowl from the opposite side to the front. Wipe it with your fingers after drinking. You wipe your fingers with the white paper at hand. However, the tea ceremony is more than just drinking tea. Its fundamental significance lies in appreciating tea ceremony utensils, tea room decoration, chayuan and the spiritual communication between the host and the guest.

Tea ceremony rules are interpreted as "four rules and seven rules". The so-called "four rules", that is, peace and respect are the rules between the host and the guest at the tea party; Quiet refers to the clean and leisurely atmosphere of teahouse and chayuan. The "Seven Laws" are used to prepare for receiving guests. "Make tea taste good; Charcoal fire is suitable, and it should be burned until the water boils; Tea is warm in winter and cool in summer; Flowers should be placed as in the wild; Early is the best time; Even if it doesn't rain, prepare rain gear; All for the guests "7 secrets.

After Lu Yu wrote the Book of Tea in the Tang Dynasty, tea tasting went from temples to folk, and literati appeared to drink tea. "Tuancha", which was popular in Nara era, heian period and Japan, was a kind of tea used by literati in the Tang Dynasty.

The method of making "Tuancha" is not difficult, as long as the tea leaves are dried, pounded into powder with a tea mortar, kneaded into balls with a little water, dried and stored for later use.

In the middle period of Heian (the end of the ninth century), Japan abolished its diplomatic envoys in Tang Dynasty, and "group tea" gradually disappeared and was replaced by "matcha" which prevailed in Song Dynasty.

The method of making "matcha" is to pound refined tea leaves into powder with a mortar, put water into the tea powder when drinking, and mix it evenly with a tea basket (bamboo brush) for drinking, which is nutritious and delicious.

In the early Kamakura period (13rd century), the famous monk Master Rong Xi came to China for the second time. After returning to Japan, he opened a tea garden and wrote "Drinking Tea for Health", arguing that drinking tea can prolong life and promote the popularization of "matcha".

The Song Dynasty initiated the "Tea Fight", which first appeared among literati in the form of entertainment. The teahouse of the Tea Party is usually a two-story building, which was called "Tea Pavilion" at that time. The guests wait in the living room downstairs until the owner of the tea kiosk invites them, and then go to Taige on the second floor for tea. "Taige" has windows on all sides, overlooking the outdoor scenery. Famous paintings are hung on the indoor screen, and the table in front of the screen is covered with brocade with incense burners, vases and candlesticks. There are a pair of decorative cabinets in the west wing room, which are filled with luxurious prizes, and the winners can become the owners of the prizes.

"Fighting tea" adopts the method of "four kinds and ten clothes". Each contestant drinks ten servings of four kinds of matcha, and then tells the "origin" and "water quality" of the tea, and decides the winner according to the score. The "origin" of tea refers to local tea and non-local tea, and "water quality" refers to the water quality used in tea making, that is, water source.

From the Southern and Northern Dynasties (1336) to the mid-Muromachi period (1mid-5th century), the method of "fighting tea" and tea kiosks almost completely imitated China. However, after the mid-Muromachi period, Chinese tea kiosks were abolished and used as clubs to hold songs and concerts. The taste of "fighting tea" has gradually become Japanese, and people no longer pay attention to luxury, but pay more attention to elegant taste.

Thus, the aristocratic tea ware and the popular way of tea tasting appeared. Zhuguang formulated the first tea tasting method, so he was called "the ancestor of tea tasting" by later generations. Zhuguang changed tea tasting from entertainment to tea ceremony.

Zhu Guangliu's tea ceremony has experienced several generations. At the end of Muromachi, there appeared a master of tea ceremony, Rifu Morino. Mori no Rikyū founded Li Xiuliu's grass bank wind tea method, which was popular all over the world for a while and pushed the development of tea ceremony to the peak. Mori no Rikyū is known as "the first person in the world's tea ceremony" and has become the absolute authority of the tea ceremony industry. Senoriki's popularity among the people threatens the authority of those in power. General Toyotomi Hideyoshi established a name for himself and promulgated it.

He ordered Sen Noriky to commit suicide by caesarean section on trumped-up charges.

After Morino's death, his successor took over his mantle, and there appeared thousands of schools, such as "expressing thousands of schools", "thousands of schools among thousands of schools" and "thousands of schools in the way of samurai".

All schools of tea ceremony basically adopt matcha method, but as early as the Edo period (1the end of the 6th century), the upsurge of tea frying initiated by China in the Ming Dynasty began among scholars. The tea frying method does not require much for tea. Simply dry ordinary tea leaves, then steam them, rub them open by hand, put them in a teapot and brew them with boiling water, and then pour them into a tea bowl for drinking. In fact, people called this method "making tea" at that time, but the real method of "frying tea" was different. Pour boiling water into the tea bowl first, and then put the tea in it to drink. Modern people collectively call it fried tea. Because frying tea is convenient and not limited by the venue, it is widely used in modern families. Of course, the traditional matcha method is still the main method in formal tea parties or reception of important people.

Japanese tea ceremony pays attention to elegant etiquette, and the tools used are also carefully selected, with tea and dessert. Tea ceremony has gone beyond the category of tea tasting, and the Japanese regard it as a way to cultivate sentiment. Japanese tea ceremony originated in China, but now if you want to see the elegance of China tea ceremony, I'm afraid you have to go to Japan.

Japanese judo

"Judo aims to make effective use of physical and mental strength, understand the doubts of life through mental and physical training during attack and defense, and make yourself a person."

1882 Mr Jana Jgoroh founded judo on the basis of ancient Japanese jujitsu through improvement and development. Because the ancient Japanese jujitsu moves were vicious and complicated, he deleted and modified some of them to improve the efficiency, achieve victory and avoid the injury of opponents. Men's judo and women's judo became official Olympic events in 1964 and 1992 respectively.

"Softness" means using the strength of your opponent to become your own advantage. One of the key points is "using mild steel", which uses less force than the opponent and uses the mechanical principle to take the opponent's strength for its own use. It's like China's Tai Chi to knock your opponent down. "Tao" refers not only to methods, but also to spiritual cultivation and the cultivation of good character.

Judo is basically divided into nage-waza, Ne-waza and Atemi Waza.

Since the popularity of judo in Japan, foreigners have studied judo in Japan, and after returning home, they have taught their skills and actively promoted it. After years of hard work, judo has developed rapidly in the world. After the Second World War, the number of people participating in judo in European countries increased continuously, which set off a "judo craze". Many countries have established judo leagues. At the initiative of judo lovers in Britain and France, a judo league with 203 countries was established in Europe. A competition is held every year. in France

In July, 2006, 12 countries including Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Australia, Netherlands, Canada, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Cuba and Japan established the International Judo Federation. Mr. Zheng Lu of Ghana (son of Mr. Yana Jgoroh), then director of Kodokan and president of the All-Japan Judo Federation, was the first president. Since then, judo with Japanese national characteristics has truly become an international sport. 1956 in may, the first world judo competition was held in Japan, the birthplace of judo. In the future, the competition will be held every other year, which has become an international competition with more participants and relatively sound competition organization. Judo was listed as an official event in the18th Olympic Games held in Tokyo from 65438 to 0964. The second president of the International Judo Federation is Mr. Paalmann of Britain, and the current president is Mr. Shigeji Matsumae, President of Donghai University. At present, Japan's judo level ranks first in the world, and other countries such as the Soviet Union, France, West Germany and the Netherlands also have considerable strength.

Judo is still a new sport in China. 1979 In April, China held the first judo training course, invited friends from Japanese judo circles to give lectures, and trained a number of judo athletes and coaches for various places, which made judo develop rapidly in many provinces and cities in China and some sports institutes.

1979, 165438+ 10, China established its first judo team. After just four months of training,1March, 980, it met the visiting Judo Team of Japan Seiki University. In two friendly matches, our youth training team has achieved good results. 1980 On September 6th, the first national judo championship was held in Qinhuangdao. It can be seen from this competition that the athletes' technical level has improved rapidly, and they have been able to master and use judo stunts such as holding pressure, necking and anti-joint in wrestling and control techniques. 198 1 In April, our young judo players participated in the international competition for the first time and made two gratifying achievements in the Yugoslav Cup invitational tournament. Young judo athletes and coaches in China, while humbly learning judo skills from Japanese friends, will certainly make positive contributions to the development of judo if they can apply the unique skills of Chinese wrestling to judo. At the recent Sydney Olympic Games, China athletes also made gratifying achievements.

In Japan, judo is a compulsory course for primary and middle school students in martial arts. In France, there are 654.38+million people studying judo. Everyone must know Zidane. He used to be a judo player.

Besides the famous kimono, tea ceremony and sumo wrestling, there are some taboos in Japanese culture.

In Japanese, the pronunciation of "comb" is homophonic with "bitter death", so Japanese people are afraid to give "comb", and in more luxurious hotel rooms, there are few combs for guests to use. Japanese people are very particular about the orientation of sleeping, and they are most afraid of sleeping with their heads facing north, because when the dead are dead, their heads are facing north. Therefore, when you live in a Japanese house and make your bed in the morning, you must not put your pillow in the north. "North pillow" means death. In Japanese customs, an incomplete seal is unlucky. Therefore, you should be especially careful when sending calligraphy and painting seals to the Japanese.

Sports that Japanese people like.

1, baseball

Now baseball has become the national sport of Japan. Whether as an actual sport or as an ornamental sport, its popularity has surpassed that of the United States, the birthplace.

High school baseball

The first amateur baseball player is the "Koshien Convention" (National High School Baseball Championship) held every summer. Athletes from Hokkaido to Okinawa who passed the national preliminaries competed fiercely for the first place in Japan in Koshien. At this moment, the Japanese people's local consciousness is high and support their hometown team; The ratings of this TV program have reached a new high. Active baseball players naturally become the darling of the news media. The Koshien General Assembly began as early as before the war, and there were 67 participating schools in 1985 and 379 1. A "trial" was held in Koshien in spring.

Professional baseball

The popularity of high school baseball is limited to spring and summer, and professional baseball attracts fans all year round. Company employees talk about baseball day and night, and the live broadcast of games between star teams or strong teams has set a record. Professional baseball began at 1934, 60 years after baseball was introduced to Japan. Only after the war did it prosper as it does today. In particular, Zhao Xiong and Wang Zhenzhi, the traditional Yomiuri giants, are national heroes created by professional baseball. Professional baseball teams: Central League and pacific alliance each have six teams. *** 12 After the team grouping period is over, the winners of the two groups will decide the Japanese.

First of all.

Amateur baseball

Although college baseball is not as famous as high school baseball, starting from six universities in Tokyo, the group matches of universities in the capital and Kansai region were held in spring and autumn, which attracted the attention of fans. By 1985, the Japanese-American baseball game, which has reached 14, has been held alternately in Japan and the United States and has become very famous recently. The unprofessional "city versus baseball game" is represented by the enterprise baseball team. If the "Koshien Convention" is a manifestation of local consciousness, then the city's confrontation with baseball is a manifestation of corporate consciousness. In addition, the primary school ball game "grass"

2. Golf

In Japan before the war, golf was only a pastime of the upper class, and it became popular rapidly after the war, especially since the 1960s. Now the golf population has reached120,000. Judging from the proportion of people above 15, there are actually 1 people playing golf for every 13 people. In this small territory, there are 1400 golf courses, almost all of which are privately operated. Recently, the number of women playing golf has increased obviously, but the fly in the ointment is that the fees are more expensive than those abroad. Golf courses around big cities generally charge about 50% more than usual on holidays. Although golf has become popular, it is still a high-consumption sport in Japan. In the average personal expenditure of various sports, golf is as high as 654.38 million+yen, which makes other projects far behind. Professional golf is extremely prosperous, with the emergence of world-renowned players such as Aoki Gong and others, and the total annual prize money exceeds 6,543.805 billion yen.

3. Tennis

Tennis is as popular as golf. The marriage of Emperor Heisei and his wife because of tennis has also made the tennis population increase rapidly, and now it has reached 5 million. There are more than/kloc-0.000 folk tennis clubs in China. Due to the overpopulation of tennis, fans can't swing into battle anytime and anywhere. Tennis was originally a sport that rose in the second half of the 1970s, but it has recently entered a mature stage, so tennis equipment and other related industries have also risen, with annual sales exceeding 50 billion yen. This tennis craze has spread from the city to the countryside, and it is not uncommon for farmers to destroy fields and build rental courts near scenic spots. Baseball is also very popular with people.

Japanese festivals and activities

1, Japanese folk festivals

New Year's Day (65438+1 October1): This day congratulates the arrival of the New Year. The three days from New Year's Day to 65438+ 10 3 are called "the first month" and don't work at all. In the new year, people visit shrines or friends' homes to celebrate the New Year, drink and eat unique food. Children play Japanese cards, fly kites and play badminton. In the new year, pulling a straw rope and inserting pine branches on the door means "inserting trees to welcome the arrival of the gods" The time for decorating pine branches is 1 to 7, which is also called "Songnei".

Girls' Day (March 3rd): A festival to wish girls happiness in the future. On this day, people imitate the custom of the old court, put beautiful puppets and peach blossoms together and drink sweet wine made of glutinous rice.

Dragon Boat Festival (May 5th, also called Boys' Day): A festival to wish boys healthy growth. On this day, people decorate samurai puppets, put squid on the eaves, put up carp flags and eat cypress cakes.

Qixi (July 7th): This day celebrates the annual meeting between Altair and Vega on both sides of the Milky Way. People offer corn and eggplant in front of the courtyard, decorate colorful poems on thin bamboo, and pray that girls' skills are as dexterous as weaver girls.

Orchid Festival (August 15 or so): On this day, people who work in the city will go back to their hometowns and offer a lot of food in front of their ancestors' graves to pray for their blessings. People living in small towns and rural areas have to wear summer kimonos and dance obon.

Appreciating the Moon (the night of August 15 and September 13 of the lunar calendar): When the moon is full, doors and windows are decorated with maimang, and the moon god is worshipped with wine and jiaozi, hoping for a calm and beautiful autumn.

The other shore (7 days before and after the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox): During this period, ancestors were sacrificed, Buddhist ceremonies were held, and graves were swept.

Sections 7, 5 and 3 (165438+1October 15): Every year, 65438+1October 15, boys aged 3 and 5 and girls aged 3 and 7 wear bright kimonos to pay homage. Japanese people think odd numbers are auspicious numbers, so they choose these three ages.

2. Japanese legal holidays

Japan has a 12 national holiday, during which schools, institutions and enterprises all have holidays.

New Year's Day (65438+1 October1): Celebrate the beginning of the new year.

Adult Festival (65438+ 10/5): On this day, young people who have grown up gather in various places to hold celebrations and encourage them to go forward.

People's Republic of China (PRC)'s founding anniversary (February 1 1): To commemorate the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the first emperor's accession to the throne in 660 BC.

Vernal equinox (vernal equinox on the calendar): praise nature and care for life.

Emperor's Birthday (65438+February 23rd): The emperor and queen received greetings from the palace ladies.

Constitution Memorial Day (May 3rd): Commemorating the implementation of China's Constitution (May 3rd, 1947).

Children's Day (May 5th): Respect children's personality, seek their happiness and thank their mothers.

Respect for the Elderly Festival (September 15): All localities gather the elderly, hold performance parties and present souvenirs to congratulate them on their longevity.

Mid-Autumn Festival (vernal equinox on the calendar): Respect ancestors and miss the dead.

Sports Festival (10, 10): Love sports activities and cultivate healthy bodies. It was established to commemorate the Tokyo International Olympic Games held on 1964 and 10.

Cultural Festival (165438+10.3): Before 1945, this day was celebrated as the birthday of Emperor Meiji. After the war, its theme was defined as "love freedom, love equality and promote cultural development."

Thanks for Industry Festival (165438+1October 23rd): promote industry and celebrate production development, and citizens thank each other.

3. Local traditional activities

"Snow House" in Yokosuga, Akita Prefecture (during the New Year): Make a snow house about 2 meters long and wide, with an altar in the middle to worship the water god. In the evening, several children gathered in the igloo, drinking sweet wine and eating biscuits.

Sapporo Snow Festival (the first Friday to Sunday in February): On the day of the Snow Festival, all kinds of snowmen are arranged with animals, myths and legends as the theme. It is usually held in Sapporo's main street park.

"Dunda Festival" in Hakata (May 3rd to15th): The so-called "Dunda" means "holiday" in Dutch Zondag. People dressed as mythical gods rode horses or let children dressed in costumes stand on floats, and marched through the market in groups, in addition to holding various cultural performances.