In Qing Dynasty, Zheng Banqiao was an outstanding figure in history, the main representative of "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou", and a painter and writer who was famous for his "Three Wonders of Poetry and Painting". His life can be divided into five stages: "studying and teaching", selling paintings in Yangzhou, "being an official, being an official, being an official in Shandong, and selling paintings in Yangzhou. A, reading teaching Zheng Xie (1693- 1766) from Xinghua, Jiangsu. Originally from Suzhou. His ancestors moved from Nagato in Suzhou to Wangtou in xinghua city, and moved to Zheng Banqiao in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, that is, the14th generation. His father, Zheng Zhiben, whose real name is Li 'an and Meng Yang, was born in Lin. He is an outstanding scholar in Zheng Banqiao's former residence. He is a disciple at home and has hundreds of students. Zheng Banqiao was born on1October 22nd. At that time, his family had declined and his life was very poor. At the age of three, my biological mother Wang Fu died. At the age of fourteen, I lost my stepmother, Mrs. Zheng. Nurse Fei is a kind, hardworking and simple working woman. She gives meticulous care and meticulous care and becomes the pillar of life and feelings. Zheng Banqiao was smart and literate when he was three years old. By the age of eight or nine, he had been a literary and art federation under the guidance of his father. When I was young, my father and I went to Maojiaqiao in Zhou Zhen to study. At the age of sixteen, I learned lyrics from my hometown ancestor Mr. Lu Zhongyuan. Around the age of twenty, he was admitted as a scholar. Married at 23, Mrs. Xu. It was/kloc-0' s first trip to Beijing in the autumn of 998, and in a few small words, Ouyang Xiu< The Voice of Autumn >> was written. At the age of 26, I have been teaching in Jiangcun, Zhou Zhen. At the age of 30, my father died. At this time, Banqiao had two daughters and a son, and life was even more difficult. Do> poem, lamenting that Zheng Sheng had no camp for 30 years. "Second, Yangzhou sells paintings because of the hardships of life. After 30 years old, Zheng Banqiao abandoned the museum to sell paintings in Yangzhou for a living, which really saved the poor and made him look elegant." During the ten years of selling paintings in Yangzhou, some tourism activities were also interspersed. Unfortunately, the son born to Mrs. Xu died and wrote a poem to mourn. At the age of 32, I traveled to Jiangxi, where I met Lu Bao, an unscrupulous master and Manchu scholar. At the age of 33, he traveled to Beijing, made friends with Zen Zunsu and his family's children, talked loudly, and hid the characters, so he got a crazy name. During his fame, he married Prince Kangxi and King Yunxi of Shen Jun, the owner of Ziqiong Cliff. Thirty-five years old, a guest from Tongzhou. Thirty-six-year-old, studying in Tianning Temple in Yangzhou, writing in calligraphy & gt one for each person. At the age of 37, I worked as the first draft of>. Thirty-nine years old, Mrs. Xu is critically ill. During his ten years in Yangzhou, Zheng Banqiao made many painting friends, such as Jin Nong and Huang Shen. These painting friends are closely related to his past and have a great influence on his creative thinking and even his personality. Third, Zhongjuren, Jinshi, Guan You 1732, Zheng Banqiao, 40 years old, drinking poetry in << Denan Street >>. For further study, I went to Jiao Shan, Zhenjiang to study. At present, there is a woodcut couplet room of Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy in Befeng Temple in Jiaoshan, which is elegant and has few flowers. "1736, the first year of Qianlong, I was 44 years old. In Beijing, I took the exam of the Ministry of Rites. In the palace, in May, I took the court exam in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. I am the 88th Jinshi of China Dimei, and I was born as a scholar. I wrote a poem for>, saying, "I am also called a scholar in Zhong Kui, and I am the best scholar in Tangui." The joy is beyond words. 1737, forty-five, stayed in Beijing for about a year, but failed, and returned to Yangzhou in the south. With the support of Jiangxi Cheng, she married Rao. Nurse faye's minions. 1739, at the age of 47, he wrote Four Lyrics for Yu Jianzeng, the traffic supervisor of Huainan. 1740, Dong is 48 years old> Preface. 174 1 year-old, 49 years old, went to Beijing and was treated with courtesy and sincerity by Wang Yunxi, Shen Jun County. Fourth, when Shandong became an official at the age of 50, that is, in the spring of 1742, he wrote poems and ci collections for Fan County, and Fan County was also a county magistrate. 1743, 5 1 year-old, revised & gt several times, and finally finalized it, engraved by Shangyuan Stuart Gao Wen. 1744, Rao Sheng. During the slaughter period, we paid attention to farming and mulberry, observed the people's feelings, enriched the people and rested, and the people lived and worked in peace. 1746, Qianlong eleven years, 54 years old, transferred from Fan County to Wei County. It was the great famine in Shandong in 2008, and people ate people. Wei county was originally a prosperous city, but it suffered from natural disasters year after year. Disaster relief has become an important part of Zheng Banqiao's governance of wei county. He opened warehouses to relieve goods, so that people could have vouchers to supply, and built cities, recruiting hungry people from far and near to work, and large families in the city took turns to open factories to cook porridge. We sealed Xiaomi's house and lived in more than 10 thousand people. In autumn, the harvest is not good, donations are cheap, and IOUs are destroyed. The living don't count. Banqiao lamented that the hungry people in Wei County gave food. & lt escape from the desert >>. 1748, Gao Bin, a university student, and Liu Tongxun, a viceroy, went to Shandong for disaster relief, followed by Banqiao. In autumn, the disaster situation in wei county gradually eased, and the hungry people also went through the customs to return home. & lt enjoy driving >> discipline. In order to prevent the invasion of water, we donated money to advocate the overhaul of Weixian city wall. Late autumn, book & gt. 175 1 year, seawater flooded, and Banqiao went to Yuwangtai in northern wei county to investigate the disaster. Zheng Banqiao's official intention is that if he succeeds, it will benefit the people. Therefore, when he is in power, he can sympathize with civilians and small traders, reform abuses, and safeguard their interests from laws and measures. During the Banqiao massacre in Weifang, he was diligent and honest, left no problems behind, and was not unfair to the people, and won the support of the people. There are many wealthy businessmen in wei county, and people are compatible with luxury. Zheng Banqiao admired literature, discovered talents, and left many stories. 1747, Debao, a flag bearer from Huang Zheng, Manzhouli, took the examiner in Shandong, and Banqiao was in the examination room, singing with each other. 1748, Gan Long visited Shandong. Zheng Banqiao is a history of calligraphy and painting. He took part in the preparations and arranged everything for the emperor to climb Mount Tai. He lay on Mount Tai for more than 40 days, often proud of it, and carved a seal in the history of Yunganlong Cambodian calligraphy and painting. "1749, 57 years old, Rao's son died in Xinghua. Visit Guo's garden with Shen Yanfang. Reorder & gt,< poetry notes >>,<& ltWord money >>, and handwritten Fu Zi. Written in1750 < <; Banqiao preface >>. . In the same year, Wenchang Temple was rebuilt and the champion bridge was advocated. & lt Wenchang shrine >>. 175 1 year, 59 years old, making < < rare lake paint > > banner. 1752, presided over the repair work of wei county City God Temple, and wrote < < inscription of City God Temple > >. In the << Wenchang Shrine >> and> past, Banqiao urged the gentry in Wei County to cultivate good manners and incorruptible conduct, which had considerable influence among the people in Wei County. In the same year, he wrote a paper with Weixian Gao, making a running script of seven words, simplifying trees and introducing new February flowers. " Zheng Banqiao wrote a lot in wei county, and his> forty songs were particularly popular. Fifth, sell paintings again. Yangzhou citizens are children of Shunchu, so they should study more when they have time. "In the seven years of Guan Wei, Banqiao reached a new peak in terms of official management, poetry, calligraphy and painting, and the official management of literary names is very important to the times." Banqiao has been an official for ten years and has gained insight into the darkness of officialdom. His ambition of "contributing to the world and keeping people healthy" is hard to realize, and his intention in back in the game is increasing day by day. 1753, Zheng Banqiao was 61 years old. He worked for the welfare of the people and joined the government. When we arrived in Weifang, the people blocked the way, and every family made a portrait to offer sacrifices, and spontaneously set up a shrine for Zheng Banqiao in Weicheng Island Temple. After leaving office, Banqiao made a living by selling paintings, traveled between Yangzhou and Xinghua, and interacted with fellow painters and poets. 1754, Zheng Banqiao visited Hangzhou. After Qiantang, go to Huiji, explore Yu's point, visit Lanting, and go back and forth. 1757, 65 years old, participated in the restoration of Hongqiao hosted by Yu Jianzeng, the traffic Commissioner of Huaibei, got to know Yuan Mei and had poetry exchanges. During this period, Banqiao made many paintings and calligraphy works, which were widely circulated. 1766 65438+1October 22nd (December 12th, 30th year of Qianlong) Banqiao died and was buried in Ruanzhuang, Chengguan, xinghua city at the age of 73. Zheng Banqiao's two sons died young, and the son of Zheng Mo, Emperor Taizong, inherited Tian Si. Zheng Banqiao is good at painting bamboo, orchids, stones, pines and chrysanthemums. , and is famous for its elegant appearance and strong style. He advocated that the ancient law should not be ignored, and the law should be natural and enjoyable. He put forward a three-stage painting theory of "having bamboo in the eye", "having bamboo in the chest" and "having bamboo in the hand". He combined thoughtful thoughts with skillful pen and ink skills, and Banqiao took cursive script as the backbone to draw bamboo, which received the artistic effect of "not being chaotic and sparse, getting rid of the habits of the times and having great power". The bamboo painted by Banqiao is lifelike, with both form and spirit. The intention is to write first, and the interests are outside the law. Banqiao painted orchids, mostly orchids from Shan Ye, with strong cursive brushwork, to write the brilliant nature of orchids. Banqiao painted stone, and the bone method used a pen. First, the outline of the stone was drawn, and sometimes Lanzhu was used, which was very harmonious and unified. Zheng Banqiao's paintings brought fresh vitality to the book circle of the Qing Dynasty at that time. Intellectuals and working people regard it as a treasure, and they pay a lot of money to buy it, which is widely circulated. According to legend, Zheng Banqiao Painting Fan, Zheng Banqiao was appointed as the county magistrate of Wei County in his later years in Qing Dynasty. One day in autumn, he went to the market incognito and saw an old lady selling fans staring blankly on a pile of unattended fans. Zheng Banqiao caught up with him and picked up a fan, which was as white as snow without words or pictures. Now that we have missed the season of using fans, naturally no one will buy them. Zheng Banqiao learned from the investigation that the old lady's family was poor and decided to help her. So Zheng Banqiao borrowed a pen, ink and inkstone from a shop and splashed ink with a pen. I saw bamboo in Ran Ran, vanilla, autumn chrysanthemum in Ao Shuang, falling snow and cold plum dancing on the fan, which was poetic and picturesque, making the poems and paintings on the fan set each other off. The spectators around rushed to buy, and soon, a bunch of fans sold out.
Zheng Banqiao resigned and went home. "There is a bright moon on his shoulder, and he has nothing but a yellow dog and a pot of orchids.". One night, it was cold, the moon was dark, the wind was strong and the rain was dense. Banqiao sleepless, suitable for thieves to patronize. He thought, if you shout loudly, you can't handle it yourself if the thief does it. Pretend to sleep and let him take it. You don't want to. After a little thought, he turned over and whispered, "It's raining, the night is heavy, and the gentleman on the beam enters our door."
At this point, the thief was at the bedside and heard the sound. Then I heard: "There are thousands of poems in my belly, but there is no gold or silver at my bedside." The thief thought, don't steal. Turning to go out, I heard it say, "Don't scare the yellow-tailed dog when you go out." The thief thought, since there are vicious dogs, why not climb over the wall? Just as I was about to climb the wall, I heard "Don't damage the orchid pot when climbing the wall." When the thief saw a pot of orchids on the wall, he carefully dodged and fell to the ground. Another sentence came from the room: "It's not cold to wear clothes, catch giants while the moon is dark."
[Edit this paragraph] Deeds
First, poor life experience:
1. Father was born hastily, lost his mother at the age of four, and was raised by his stepmother.
Speaking of Banqiao's family background, it is also a scholarly family. By the time his father arrived, his family had fallen into poverty. Although educated, I only got an excellent student. I stayed at home and taught several Mongolian children, and my life was quite poor. Banqiao is an only child. Unfortunately, at the age of three, he lost his mother and was raised by a nurse. This wet nurse is his grandmother's maid-in-waiting. She thanked her master and went to Zhengjia to suffer regardless of her husband and children. Every morning, she carries a thin bridge and goes to the market as a vendor. She prefers to be hungry, so she has to buy a baked wheat cake to satisfy her hunger. Later, although her own son became an eight-product official and asked her to go back and enjoy herself, she still preferred to stay in the Zheng family and suffer. Banqiao wrote a poem specially for the wet nurse, which described the story of suffering and kindness. The poem wrote: "I owe you all my life, not only because I am a wet nurse, but also because I hate wealth for a long time, so I am ashamed for a long time, and my dead end is wide, and my white-haired man is old and ugly." You might as well eat 10 million minutes of bread. 」
Hao, the stepmother of Banqiao, is wise and considerate, but unfortunately she is weak and can't help being hungry and cold. She died when Banqiao was fourteen years old, which was also a great blow to underage children.
2. Kangxi scholar (nineteen years old), Yongzheng juren (forty years old) and Qianlong Jinshi (forty-four years old), although brilliant, spanned three dynasties, became seven sesame officials at the age of fifty.
He became a scholar at the age of nineteen and got married at the age of twenty-three. In order to make a living, he went to Yangzhou to sell calligraphy and painting. No one appreciates him, and he is very dissatisfied. Sometimes he wanders around brothels or drinks to drown his sorrows, which makes him feel depressed. When he was thirty years old, his father died of poverty, and later his son died of hunger and was in a miserable situation. Fortunately, at the age of forty, he won a scholarship, and at the age of forty-four, he won a scholarship. When he came to Yangzhou, his calligraphy and painting, together with his old works, were regarded as Mo Bao. He was so devoted to the cold world that he deliberately carved a seal on his work. The seal was "Boss Bridge 20 years ago", which was somewhat self-deprecating.
Second, the official career is not smooth:
1 year served as the magistrate of Fanxian County, Shandong Province, and handled the case cleanly.
2. Wei county magistrate, in case of famine, built a city and forced rich households to sell grain at low prices. He was told that he was punished for improper disaster relief, but he resigned. He used to be the county magistrate of Fan County and Wei County in Shandong Province, and went deep into the people to understand their sufferings. In the end, because of the disaster relief, he offended the giant room and wronged his participation. The official situation was thin and he resolutely resigned and returned to Li. He wrote a poem on a bamboo slip painted by gentlemen and people in Wei County: "When Wusha is thrown, it is not an official, and the sleeves are cold; Write a thin bamboo and make it into a fishing rod on the autumn river. In order to bid farewell to his subordinates, he painted a rich chrysanthemum and wrote a poem: "It is difficult to retreat, and the official road is ugly; There is quite a hedge chrysanthemum at home, which can trace the autumn wind to keep out the cold. You have to be broad-minded to naturally show such chic.
3. Zheng Banqiao worked as a 12-year seven-product official, and was honest and upright. During his tenure, he painted an ink painting, and the poem said, "Yazhai lies listening to the drizzling bamboo, which is suspected to be the voice of the people's suffering." Some small collectors in Caozhou County always care about their feelings. 」
He has deep feelings for the lower classes and a keen interest in customs. In his poems, paintings and calligraphy, he always reveals this fresh content and unique style from time to time.
Third, versatile:
1. Draw bamboo:
It is said that painting bamboo is better than seeing sunshine and moon shadow on the paper window powder wall. I once wrote: "My bamboo is elegant, and my calligraphy has lines, bamboo has lines, calligraphy has shades, bamboo has shades, calligraphy has density, and bamboo has density. He is good at writing bamboo, even carving money between bamboo and stone, and expressing his self-enclosed feelings with the "nothing and many knots" of bamboo. "
2. Official seal:
He combined Cao Li's four styles of seal script with Zhu Lan's brushwork, calling himself "six and a half books", with different sizes and uneven strokes. He used Huang Gu's brushwork to enhance the momentum of painting, and described the changes of his calligraphy and the basis of his argument with "littering all over the street and throwing waves into poles".
3. Good at drawing Lanzhu:
He is handsome in appearance and vigorous in style, and is known as "a blue flower that never fades in four seasons, a bamboo that never leaves a hundred knots, and an invincible stone that will never change." In Jiang Shiquan's Poems on Painting Orchids, he said: "Banqiao is picturesque and elegant. Banqiao writes orchids like words, and the beauty of flowers and leaves is the result of posture. In this passage, the relationship between "book" and "painting" in his works is really incisive.
4. The characteristics of calligraphy and painting:
Original freehand brushwork, interesting. He claimed that he should have "true spirit, true interest and true meaning"
5. Poetry features:
(1) Get rid of old cliches. (2) Vernacular instead of classical Chinese. (3) metaphor ethnology festival.
Zheng Xie (Banqiao) has two poems about bamboo, one of which is On Bamboo Stone:
"Asserting that Castle Peak is not relaxed, rooted in broken rocks, and it has been strong after thousands of blows, leaving the east, west, north and south winds. This poem not only points out the "situation" of bamboo, but also directly tells the stability of bamboo. It can stand all kinds of hardships and tests, and looks like an indomitable martyr, which makes people expect "respect".
The other is "Painting Bamboo":
"Painting bamboo is overwhelming and ups and downs; Today, I refused to write a human method with a long beard and a short tail. The first two sentences are about the momentum of painting bamboo, and the last two sentences are about the "stubborn choice of goodness" and the good character of people and bamboo.
Zheng Xie's 60th birthday;
"Often come to visit, why ask corning. But there is money in the bag, wine in the urn and food in the pot. Take some old pages and let the waves sing. Wealth should be broad, skin appearance should be stubborn, and facial features should be smart, which is better than a thousand officials. After 60, it's still rare. 」
If you want to live forever, it is difficult in the air. Only make the ears have no vulgar sounds, eyes have no vulgar things, and the chest has no vulgar things. A few random new flowers crisscrossed. Going to bed late and getting up early, like two days a day, is over 100 years old.
6. Couplets:
Why is the room elegant? Not many flowers.
◎ Bring fresh tea from the river and buy all the green hills for painting screens. (Title Jiao Shan Natural Temple)
Celebrities never judge water. Since ancient times, there have been too many monks. (Teahouse)
◎ Simplify the Sanqiu tree by deleting the complex, and bring new February flowers.
Fourth, special symbols: it is rare to be confused-a plain and tasteful famous saying
He is a brilliant writer, but he just wrote something like "it's a blessing to lose" and "it's difficult to be confused", and solemnly added a note: "It's difficult to be smart, but it's even more difficult to be confused."
Ordinary officials will understand that it is difficult to have a good end if they offend the giant room for political reasons. Banqiao, on the other hand, went its own way, knowing that it was impossible to do it. Finally, he would rather go fishing in cold Qiu Jiang than throw away the hot black veil. It is because of his frankness that he can appear so free and easy.
His title "Rare Puzzlement" may have two meanings. On the one hand, it seems that in view of the chaos in officialdom, he rarely has that kind of confusion and can only get out as soon as possible. On the other hand, when we see through the world, in order to avoid causing more trouble, we might as well be confused. It's lovely that he can save this confusion.
Five, famous for its strangeness:
1. Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics (Jin Nong, Wang, Huang Shen, Zheng Xie, Li, Gao Xiang,)
2. What's strange (strange paintings, strange words, strange temperament, strange behavior)
Banqiao's "eccentricity" is quite a bit of a living Buddha. There is always something sincere, humorous and sour in it. Whenever he sees corrupt officials and traitors parading in the street, he draws a piece of Meilan bamboo stone and hangs it on the prisoner as a screen to attract the audience and awaken the people.
Sixth, there is considerable shame:
He returned to Yangzhou to sell calligraphy and painting, and the value was very different from before. There are many people who ask for it, and his income is also considerable. But he hates those elegant upstarts, just like some fat salt merchants in Yangzhou, who pay high prices and ignore them. Write immediately if you are happy, and curse if you are unhappy. His eccentric temper is difficult for ordinary people to understand. Once when painting for a friend, he specially wrote an inscription and made a frank confession:
"Painting and writing all day, without rest, will call names. I haven't written for three days, and it's also my shame to think of a piece of paper to relieve boredom. If you ask me to draw, if you don't draw, if you don't ask me to draw, it is painting, which is extremely inseparable. Understand the people here, but listen with a smile. 」
Seven. Example:
Writing and painting, haggling over the remuneration, is vulgar. However, Banqiao didn't hide anything, and clearly set a ridiculous strange example: six taels for a big scale, four taels for a medium scale, one tael for a book and five dollars for a fan.
"Six Liang, four Liang in the middle, one or two couplets, five yuan fan. Giving gifts and food is better than giving money. Gaigong's place in Shaanxi is not necessarily my brother's place. If you send cash, the center will like taxes, and calligraphy and painting are also good. Since gifts are entangled, credit is particularly afraid of relying on relief. Old and tired, you can't say useless things to a gentleman.
Painting bamboo is six feet taller than buying bamboo, and it costs three thousand yuan. Ren Qu talked about the old theory of handover, but only passed by. 」
Obviously it is vulgar, but out of Banqiao, it turns out that its vulgarity is particularly lovely, precisely because of his sincerity.
Eight, delicious dog meat: excellent dog meat (one black, two yellow, three flowers and four white), known as "the world's treasures."
Banqiao decided to embellish it, stipulating that anyone who wants him to paint and write must pay a deposit first, which is quite interesting. At that time, many rich and powerful gentry decorated halls and were often proud of getting Banqiao paintings and calligraphy. However, Banqiao did not crave fame and wealth, and was not afraid of power. He was the last person in his life to paint for those bureaucratic evil gentry, so it was inconvenient to declare in his old man's favor. Once, a group of gentry used tricks and set a trap to get their paintings and calligraphy. They learned that Banqiao loved dog meat, and on the way he and his friends went out to make friends, they borrowed the villagers' hut and cooked a pot of delicious dog meat until Banqiao passed by. The host greeted him with a smile and entertained him with dog meat and good wine. Banqiao had no doubts, drank heartily, and even praised wine and food. After dinner, the host set out Four Treasures of the Study and asked the adults to leave a couplet as a souvenir. Banqiao deeply felt that he had a delicious meal today, and immediately agreed, got up and wrote, and asked the owner's name to pay the money in return for his kindness. After reading this book, I had a good time and went home. Later, at a banquet, he happened to find his calligraphy and painting hanging there, only to know that he had been cheated and regretted his greed.
Nine, Banqiao three unique:
"Three unique poems, one calligraphy and painting, officially returning" is a summary of his life and the most accurate praise. The traditional couplets of scholarly family are often based on "family heirlooms are loyal and honest, and people are open-minded." . Is the best portrayal of Zheng Banqiao.
Take the three poems with pictures in his poetry collection to see the sublimity of Zheng Banqiao's three unique poems, books and paintings.
"Wei County painted bamboo, and Bob became a New Year poem."
Zhai Wei lay there listening to the rustling of bamboo, suspecting that it was the sound of people suffering. Some officials in Caozhou County are always worried about their feelings.
Gao Yu Gui Li Zhu Hua Biewei County Gentleman and People Cloud
Throw away the black veil, not the official, the sleeves are cold. Write a thin bamboo and use it as a fishing rod on the autumn wind river.
I went back to Yangzhou to paint bamboo for the first time.
Twenty years ago, the wine cake was lifted and the spring breeze intoxicated the bamboo pavilion. Now Yangzhou bamboo is replanted and Huainan is still green.
From these three poems, we can feel the picturesque beauty of the poems, and we can also smell his concern for the people's feelings and his lofty ambition to resign because of the case; In the wild and uninhibited, we can see his true nature, so an old friend has a cloud. Banqiao's three wonders are full of three truths: true spirit, true meaning and true interest, which are indeed described very aptly. 2
◎ Anecdotes of Zheng Banqiao
First, the marriage of Zheng Banqiao, a gifted scholar in Qing Dynasty:
Zheng Banqiao's literary talent is unparalleled, but it's a pity that he is down and out. One day, he walked to the door of a family and realized that the couplet in front of the door was his own poem. Zheng Sheng asked Mrs Rao, the head of the household, what had happened. Ms Rao said that her daughter likes Zheng Banqiao's works very much. Zheng Sheng said he was Zheng Banqiao, and Mrs Rao immediately called her daughter Wuniang out and betrothed her to Zheng Banqiao. Later, Zheng Banqiao became the top student in high school and went to school with her. The couple also loved each other all their lives.
Second, Mrs. Zheng Banqiao's "Everyone has his own body! 」
In the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Banqiao copied manuscripts of various schools very frequently. One night, he dreamed of copying them, pointing east and west, and mistakenly copied his fingers on his wife's back.
His wife was awakened, and Zheng Banqiao heard her scream in her sleep: "Everyone has his own body! 」
Zheng Banqiao suddenly woke up, destroyed all legal posts and created a new one himself.
Third, Zheng Banqiao married his daughter.
Banqiao married his daughter, which was unique, fast and neat; Compared with the current marriage and bargaining, this is an insult to the sanctity of marriage. "Zheng Banqiao has a daughter, and her father taught her to be very knowledgeable. When the daughter reached the age of marriage, Banqiao said, "I will take you to a good place. "Zheng Banqiao took her daughter to the home of a close friend of calligraphy and painting, and said," This room is also your hobby. You can do it well, and the piano should be harmonious. " "In a word, turn round and then walk, marry a bride, and you're done.
Fourth, small places in Zheng Banqiao can't be casual.
Zheng Banqiao's handwriting is so valuable that bookworms often steal his drafts, frame them and sell them. On one occasion, Zheng Banqiao deliberately wrote the words "Don't pee anywhere". He thought it wouldn't be sold this time. A few days later, Zheng Banqiao saw his handwriting in a painting and calligraphy shop, but the content has been changed to "small things should not be careless".
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Zheng Banqiao's generosity
When Zheng Banqiao became an official, his younger brother built a house, contended with his neighbors for land, and refused to give way to each other, so that each built a fence and blocked the road. My brother wrote a book for Zheng Banqiao, hoping to help win this lawsuit. When Zheng Banqiao replied, he wrote a poem: "A thousand miles to send a book is just a wall. Why not let him go three feet?" The Great Wall of Wan Li is still there today, but I haven't seen Qin Shihuang. Neighbors were moved to learn that they had given in three feet and became Liuchi Lane.
Sixth, the warmth of bones.
Speaking of Banqiao's way of treating others, the word "frankness" seems to be a generalization. He knows how to forgive, and he is very considerate. From some details in his life, he can show full human feelings. He uses poetry as his writing, and between the lines reveals the ultimate affection. He is a typical scholar in China. He thanked his wet nurse's kindness, his stepmother's love, his uncle's affection, his friend's virtue and his own difficulties, and wrote a "Seven Songs", which moved him to tears. I miss my childhood playmate (a clever little girl next door, Wang Yijie). He wrote the word "He Xinlang" as a gift, a few faint sketches, and the silly expression of my child jumped from the paper, leaving a sweet aftertaste.
Although he is rich, he still remembers his past poverty, asking questions and being considerate, which is more vivid in his letters. How to receive poor petitioners: treat them to a bowl of hot porridge first, and then ask them what they are doing here; How to sympathize with a child servant: think of other people's children, just like your own; Even in order to save an orphan's grave, I am willing to buy a piece of wasteland that no one wants, in case I return to the ground one day, so that I can keep company with the underground. This idea is the highest state of benevolence. No matter what he thinks, he can always show his frankness, which is very rare in a hypocritical society accustomed to tax collection.
Seven. Gengjielun Neo-Confucianism
The yamen in the autocratic era is full of terror, and innocent people dare not enter easily. As a county grandfather, he is above others. In order to maintain his prestige, he will not go out easily. When he goes out, he will beat gongs and drums and drink loudly to show his respect. If fame and fortune are closely combined, we will no longer think about the sufferings of the people. It is rare for the so-called "county magistrate to kill people" to do less evil. In the event of a disaster, it is difficult to cover it up, and it is also difficult to take care of others. Banqiao, on the other hand, rebelled against the official habits and went deep into the people to understand their sufferings. No affectation, it's true. It expresses the tragic things seen and heard in the poem as bitter satire. He wrote the sadness of selling his wife and abandoning his son in "Escape from Famine" and the love affair between a woman and her husband and son in "Going Home", which will make people feel sour. These words of blood and tears pour out their hearts for the people who have no complaints about their own pain, which is not in line with the official road and is also a taboo for those who practice official feelings.
His concern for the people of the county, although he has tried his best, is still not enough. There are two lines in his poem "Fan County": "The county gate is still one foot apart, and the county gate is separated." You can understand. With a small and shallow door wall of a county government, there is still a gap between people's feelings, what's more, the emperor and the old man are just sitting high on the golden palace with heavy doors and deep bans. What else can he know? In the era of the supremacy of monarchical power, this feeling is easily misinterpreted and even leads to disaster. Fortunately, he is just a small "seven-product official". If a tree catches the wind in Su Like Dongpo, the villain Luo Zhi will be accused of flouting the imperial court, which will be a matter of choice. It was careless.
Eight, Banqiao Qiaoduanlai Marriage Case
When he was a judge, he did some good things for the local people. For example, when he was the magistrate of Wei County, when there was a famine at the age of 18, he made great efforts to help rich and powerful families cook porridge for emergency, and many people were alive. It is rumored that Zheng Banqiao accepted a divorce case when he was appointed as a county magistrate in Wei County. The poor scholar sued his father-in-law for treachery and refused to get married without reason.
Banqiao knew in advance that the poor scholar's father-in-law was a big landlord. He let the poor scholar live in the official's son for a period of time, and sent someone to summon the landlord and his daughter to class. So Banqiao asked, "Why do you want to stay married? The rich man replied, "because poor scholars can't afford to support my daughter, they shouldn't live together." Zheng Banqiao said, "I see. It seems that your daughter really should not marry a poor scholar. However, you have to think of your son-in-law. Tell you what! You pay 1200 gold, and I will help you solve this problem and ensure your satisfaction. 」
The rich man was glad to hear that Zheng Banqiao would help him break off his daughter's engagement to a poor scholar. He paid in full and on time. Banqiao said, "Your daughter will get married sooner or later. I might as well find a son-in-law for you. What do you think of this 1,200 gold as a dowry? After listening to this, the rich man smiled and bowed again and again and said, "Of course! Sure! 」
While speaking, Banqiao had already handed over the poor scholar, and immediately ordered him to marry the rich man's daughter, and then both sides took money and left. The rich man was dumbfounded and at a loss, and finally left the hall in distress situation.