But if we say who was the first person in the Ming Dynasty, only Wang Shouren, a sage who made great contributions and made immortal remarks, is truly deserved.
Meritorious service: full of wisdom, counter-insurgency and anti-theft.
Lide: Be honest and noble.
Li Yan: Establish the theory of mind and nature, and carry forward ideas.
Wang Shouren is from Yuyao, Zhejiang. Posthumous title Yun, Boan, posthumous title Yangming. Many people prefer to call him Mr. Yangming.
Many times, ordinary people are ordinary people because we are often bound by existing society, morality and concepts, and we can't feel any problems and naturally can't get rid of them. Saints are saints because they are often better at thinking and questioning than others.
While all scholars think that the most important thing in the world is to gain fame, twelve-year-old Wang Shouren doesn't think so. The most important thing in the world should be to study hard and then become a saint. Also because he was good at questioning, when Yingzong was captured, Wang Shouren suddenly realized that reading dead books could not save the country, and only by studying the art of war and martial arts could he serve the country and the people.
It can be seen that Wang Shouren is never easily confined to a concept. His thoughts and behaviors are based on reality and change with the changes of society and life.
In addition to telling his father that he intends to abandon literature and join the army, 15-year-old Wang Shouren dared to write some suggestions to the emperor and traveled alone in Juyongguan and Shanhaiguan for a month.
For him, only by truly seeing and walking through this piece of mountains and rivers can he talk about the ambition of governing the country.
But all this is too unfortunate for Wang Shouren's father, Wang Hua, who won the imperial examination in the 17th year of Chenghua. He thinks his son's behavior is too deviant to be disciplined. So he found a marriage for Wang Shouren. He didn't expect him to rule the world, only hoped that he could rule the country in the future.
The fuller the ideal, the more skinny the reality. Wang Shouren is good at delving into what interests him. If he is too interested, he won't know what night it is. It's true that he missed the wedding, because he spent the whole night asking a Taoist for health care. ...
I was carried away by my father-in-law the next day.
At the age of ten, Wang Shouren was familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics, and was good at drawing inferences. At the age of twelve, he wrote the poem "One Room Covers the Moon", which made him famous through the ages.
But Wang Shouren has never been smooth sailing. No matter how clever he is, he won't get a lot of things, and even he will lose more in order to stick to his inner sense of justice. But what he is stronger than ordinary people is that he can always get higher-level insights from the gains and losses of life and integrate these insights into his own "Tao."
Wang Shouren is a man of backbone, but he is not an irresponsible man, so he chose to be an official according to the official practice of the Wangs in past dynasties.
However, Wang Shouren, who is extremely clever, is also very loose, perhaps young and inexperienced. Most of his thoughts are on the art of war, not on learning. Even though the ministers of the DPRK were amazed at his talent, they tried again and again.
His father comforted him that he would succeed in the next exam, but Wang Shouren smiled and said, "You are ashamed of your failure in the imperial examination, but I am ashamed of your failure."
Until the age of twenty-eight, Wang Shouren took the examination of the Ministry of Rites, was finally admitted, and successfully became a member of the DPRK officials. Later, eunuch Liu Jin played politics and was restless in the ruling and opposition. Wang Shouren didn't want to be in cahoots with these people, so he naturally offended Liu Jin and was demoted to Longchang, Guizhou Province as a post office (the official in charge of the post office mainly delivered mail, with poor grades).
Even so, Liu Jin didn't let him go, and sent someone to kill him halfway. Fortunately, Wang Shouren's brain reacted quickly, which convinced Liu Jin's people that he committed suicide by diving.
Wang Shouren was born in a wealthy family since he was a child. Although he was also smart in thought, he was not prepared for penance, so he was very reluctant to go to remote and isolated Guizhou.
He avoided Liu Jin's pursuit and took a trip to the mountains and rivers. Finally, he went to Nanjing to see his father. Wang Hua was really in tears when he saw that he was still in good health, but Wang Hua told him: "Since the court appointed you, this is your responsibility. You'd better take up your post. " Wang Shouren wanted to think, his father could not do without himself, and he had nowhere to go, so he went to Guizhou to take office.
After a long time and more experience, you will find that there is no absolute good thing or absolute bad thing in the world, and more often it is a blessing or a curse.
This experience in Guizhou made him feel depressed, but it also gave him a new understanding of Tao and a new view of the world.
Make him realize that "the sage's way is self-sufficient, and those who seek truth from facts are also wrong", and make him understand that the sage's way never comes from external things, but from his own heart. As long as he follows his conscience in everything, justice is among them.
In the fifth year of Zheng De, Wang Shouren was restored as the order of Luling County. After Liu Jinshun's death, he was even more prosperous and rose all the way. He has served as the minister of the official department, supervised the suggestion, and served as the governor of Nan, Gan, Ting and Zhang.
As soon as Wang Shouren took office, he found that this was a big pit, and the public security in the places under his jurisdiction was really getting worse and worse.
Not only have thieves been rampant for 30 years, but the government is also refreshing. Former officials were even transferred under various pretexts because of their limited ability. ...
At this moment, Wang Shouren is not who he was many years ago. Whether it was the penance in Guizhou in those years or the deception in court later, Wang Shouren stuck to his true intention and stopped turning a blind eye to any challenges in the world.
First, he appeased the officers, succeeded in turning them against each other to spy for us, and then assembled troops to fight the thieves.
Thanks to the study of Sun Tzu's Art of War for many years, Wang Shouren made a surprise attack, acted treacherously and decisively. In just three months, all the bandits were put down.
As soon as the incident was decided, it started again, and the king of Ning Zhu rose up (Ning Wang in Tang Bohu's Chou-heung).
Of course, it was a shock when the news reached Beijing. Only Wang Qiong, a senior minister who has always been very optimistic about Wang Shouren, said, "Don't panic, don't panic. With Wang Boan here, just wait for the good news. "
Wang Shouren did live up to Wang Qiong's almost blind trust. He solved the problem of rebellion in Wang Ning in less than a month, and even the imperial court didn't have time to send troops.
Why did Wang Can Shouren put down the rebellion in Wang Ning so quickly?
1, Wang Shouren had long expected that Wang Ning would rebel in various clues, and he took preventive measures from the beginning.
Wang Shouren used tricks to alienate Wang Ning and his subordinates, which made Wang Ning suspicious and made a wrong decision.
3. Wang Shouren has accumulated a lot of practical experience in the process of fighting bandits, and made further responses according to his own judgment on Wang Ning's character. On the one hand, Ji 'an County ordered Wu to collect grain, grass and soldiers, and sent a movement to conquer them. On the other hand, he created a mystery, which made Wang Ning think that he had an army of160,000 and dared not act rashly, thus winning enough time.
3. Although Wang Shouren successfully raised 80,000 temporary troops in more than ten days, he knew that this kind of soldier could not compare with the fighting capacity that Wang Ning had planned for many years, so he avoided its edge and went straight to Nanchang, Wang Ning's lair. If Wang Ning ignores the road behind, Wang Shouren's plan will fail completely, but due to the abnormal situation ahead, Wang Ning can't make up his mind. Sure enough, I was trapped and saved, and then I lost soon.
When I was eighteen, I visited Lou Liang and was very interested in the theory of "learning from others" that Lou Liang told him. So I read all Zhu's works and made up my mind to "learn from poor bamboo". In this way, he planted bamboo for three days and nights, but he realized nothing and fell ill himself.
Therefore, Wang Shouren questioned the highly respected "Wu Ge" theory for the first time.
You know, the Ming Dynasty took Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism as the official philosophy of the country from the day it was founded, and even used this standard to select officials. In the society at that time, Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism was a widely accepted and respected theory. Some people, Rainbow Shouren, may not "know what they want", but more people will first suspect that their brains are not enough rather than that their theories are wrong. Therefore, Wang Shouren's questioning is absolutely epoch-making and very brave.
Wang Shouren, who was later demoted to Longchang, Guizhou, had more time to think, and it was at this time that he had more understanding of the central idea of the university.
Wang Shouren believes that The University has no classics to divide and no classics to supplement. It is based on honesty, should be based on honesty, and advocates the unity of knowing and doing, that is, both knowing and doing. His thoughts are completely contrary to Zhu's and even refute Zhu's theory.
Wang Shouren agreed with Lu Jiuyuan's theory that "mind is reason" and put forward the proposition that "there is nothing outside the heart, but it is unreasonable outside the heart", holding that the master of the body is the heart, the noumenon of the heart is reason, and it is unreasonable outside the heart; What is from the heart is the meaning, and what is the meaning is the thing, and there is nothing outside the heart.
In his view, Zhu's theory of attaching importance to foreign affairs and things is a kind of function of giving up things, being knowledgeable but not heavy, taking things as the right heart and demanding conscience, and taking conscience as the standard for judging things and the basis for interpreting classics.
Wang Shouren believes that human mind is conscience and conscience is justice, so we can't seek justice outside conscience, and conscience is a "fine record" of nature. "Born, ghosts become emperors, and all of them are born from this. It really has nothing to do with things."
This is Wang Shouren's psychological system, which emphasizes the unity of knowledge and action in essence, requires simplicity and directness in methods, and the theory of conscience is the purpose of psychology.
Wang Shouren has his own ideas, and besides practicing them all the time, he also very much hopes to convey them to more people. Therefore, since he was in his thirties, he has built colleges everywhere, used his spare time in politics to give lectures, and learned more in lectures.
He resigned at the age of 54 and returned to China. He successively opened Jishan Academy and Yangming Academy, and gave lectures at Longquan Temple in Yuyao, with an audience of more than 300 people.
In history, he was called one of the top ten thinkers in China along with Confucius, Mencius and Zhu.
As a philosophical thinker, his disciples are all over the world. Wang Xue's thoughts have deeply influenced the Ming Dynasty, dynasties and even spread to Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Southeast Asia and other countries, affecting more countries and individuals.
Until modern times and even today, Wang Shouren's theory of mind has been highly praised by many people. Zhang, Zeng Guopan, Liang Qichao, Sun Yat-sen and Japanese kazuo inamori are all his fans.