This is a drinking poem as well as a philosophical poem. According to the two sentences in the poem "I have been independent for forty years", the general chronology defines this poem as three years of Jin 'an Yuanxing (404) and Tao Yuanming is forty years old. However, Tao Yuanming also wrote a poem "Fire in the Middle of June in the Year of Wushen", which also said, "I will be lonely forever, and I will be elected for forty years." In the fourth year of Wushen (408), Tao Yuanming was 44 years old. After resigning from pengze county, he returned to other places. Therefore, we can also speculate that Drinking Alone in the Rain was written after the poet returned to the field.
This poem entitled "Drinking alone in the rain" points out the poet's drinking environment. In the rainy weather for several days, the poet lived and drank alone, which made him feel lonely and thoughtful. At the beginning, a serious topic was put forward: "luck and life will come to an end, and it will be fine in the end." Life runs endlessly between heaven and earth, and eventually we will all die, which has been the case since ancient times. Although this sentence is empty, it is a topic that poets have often haunted and revealed since they were 40 years old. Since Nineteen Ancient Poems at the end of Han Dynasty, the lament of "born less than a hundred years" has been repeated in literati poems. Tao Yuanming integrated man's natural fortune into the transformation of everything in the world, and put it in such a broad field of vision since ancient times, thus talking about the natural phenomenon that life is bound to die in a rational and philosophical style.
On the premise of "luck will come one day", the poet further pondered the attitude towards life that should be adopted. Taoism advocates the theory of taking food to become immortal in an attempt to artificially prolong life. This has aroused some celebrities' interest in "taking medicine" for health preservation since Wei and Jin Dynasties. However, the turbulent society and dark politics have also made some scholars in danger and precarious see through the fallacy of the immortal theory. Cao Zhi once lamented: "Nothing seeks longevity, and pine nuts have been bullied for a long time. Change is in Xisu, who can hold it for a hundred years? " (White Horse Wang Biao) Tao Yuanming also wrote the words "Can't wait for the emperor's hometown" in "Come home to Xi Ci". So the next two poems are aimed at the Taoist immortal theory: "There is a pine tree in the world, where is it now?" If there are immortals in the world, what about the legendary immortals Akamatsu and Wang Ziqiao?
The first four poems only say that life is bound to die, and the immortals are not credible, so they turn to drinking: "Therefore, those who leave behind the old wine are immortals;" Try to think about it and forget the sky. " There is such a poem in Nineteen Ancient Poems: "Seeking immortality by eating is mostly a mistake of medicine. It's better to drink wine with Wan and Su and wait on them. " This is an attitude towards life that does not seek longevity, but seeks to eat, drink and be merry in time. Tao Yuanming also changed from denying the existence of immortals to drinking, but he had his own new ideas. The word "Nai" in "Nai Yan Yin Xian" inherits the first two sentences of "Qiao Song" and forms a semantic turning point. The well-informed old man even said that drinking can become an immortal. So the poet "tasted" a cup first, and sure enough, he felt that all kinds of passions that bound life had left him. After a few more drinks, I suddenly felt that everything in the world did not exist. This is the wonderful realm of "providing for the elderly" and "drinking immortals"!
However, "could it be here?" Ren is really unprecedented. "A word" Tian "locked the previous sentence and took the problem as a turning point. Is everything in the world really far away? Then answer "Ren is the first". Ren Zhen can be said to be a state of mind, that is, the state of "a hundred states far away" experienced by poets with the help of drinking. The potential meaning of this poem is that people and everything are born of the qi of heaven and earth, but people have "all kinds of feelings". If people can forget themselves, they will reach the realm of unity with things and nature, without feeling far from heaven and earth, nor will they fantasize about seeking immortality beyond the law of natural transformation. This is Ren Zhen, also known as Ren Tian. Of course, this state of mind is only short-lived, and the word "suddenly forgetting the sky" points out that this is a feeling of time. Ren Zhen is also an attitude towards life, which refers to conforming to people's own traffic laws. Tao Yuanming does not advocate drinking all day to forget his worries. He thinks that "getting drunk or being able to forget won't promote aging?" "He just wants to' stay at home until the end' and live a simple and natural life" (Mei Zuo Dan and Dai Zhuben).
"If the cloud has strange wings, eight tables must be returned instantly." These two sentences still use the immortal allusions of Wang Ziqiao. According to the legend of immortals, Wang Ziqiao ascended to heaven by crane. Yunhe has a pair of magical wings, which can fly far away and come back soon. But Tao Yuanming doesn't believe in immortals, and he doesn't have the poetic fantasy of crane swimming. But he has his own uniqueness: "I have lived alone for forty years." I stood by Ren Zhen's faith alone and struggled for forty years. This expresses the poet's attitude towards life and the poet Geng Jie's extraordinary personality.
At the end of the two sentences, I always hold the whole article: "What do you have to say after a long time?" The so-called "transformation" refers to the change of natural materials, which comes from Zhuangzi Zhile: "My son and I become me." The whole poem is deduced from observing that "the fate of life will come to an end" to observing the changes of self-skeleton. "Being in the Heart" refers to Ren Zhen's heart that the poet has been occupying for more than forty years. These two poems have the same effect as "Fire in the middle of June in the year of Wushen", saying that "Lingguan's head is lonely". Let the body change gradually according to the laws of nature until it disappears. I have always adhered to Ren Zhen's faith. What is there to worry about? These two poems can also be regarded as the abbreviation of the conclusion in the Interpretation of God in the Shadow: "In the process of surfing, you don't like or fear, you do what you can, and you don't have to worry too much." From this point of view, Tao Yuanming's theory of natural migration is different from the nihilistic world-weariness in Zhuangzi, which takes life as tiredness and death as liberation.
Throughout the poem, from the beginning of "luck will eventually return to the end", I feel deeply. Then I talked about the experience of drinking and put aside "all emotions." At the end, I pointed out that "the skeleton is long gone", which seemed to cause something, but I stopped with a sentence "What's on my mind?". The general package of the whole poem contains specific reasons that trigger the poet to feel life and death, but it is thought-provoking and endless. The whole poem focuses on discussing philosophy and self-liberation, and uses questions several times, which leads to a semantic turning point and tone sandhi, which can be set off before and after, and the beginning is closely related to the theme. All these show the characteristics of Tao Yuanming's philosophical poems. According to Tao Yuanming's life story, the poet gradually felt old after 40 years old and reflected on life more consciously. He was anxious about his career failure and recalled his "true dream" of falling into officialdom by mistake; After 4 1 year-old resigned and returned to the field, he also had troubles such as loneliness, poverty and aging. In order to get rid of all these puzzles, the poet tried to explain "inseparable pain" with the theory of "nature" on the premise that life is bound to die. It is against this background that this song "Drinking Alone in the Rain" and "Together" were written one after another. Therefore, the poet's attitude of talking about life and death, and using life, really accumulated deep feelings for life, and also showed the poet's detached personality, which stuck to Ren Zhen's heart in the simple and poor rural life after he was tired of pseudo-intelligence and dark social reality.