Generous;

A late bloomer;

Loud and sparse;

Elephants are invisible;

German sound is unknown.

translate

The great Fiona Fang is immeasurable;

Large wooden tools cannot be manufactured quickly;

Can't hear loud stereo;

A big image is invisible;

Virtue has no good name.

Huiping

This deductive theory is indispensable.

Laozi said: "It's too high, I don't know about it; Secondly, the word-of-mouth of relatives; Second, fear it; Second, insult it. "

Another cloud says, "If you lose your virtue, you will lose your virtue, then benevolence will be righteous, and then you will be polite. Courtesy, loyalty and benevolence are thin and chaotic; Those who know before, the glory of the Tao, the beginning of stupidity. "

There is another cloud: "The avenue is abandoned and meaningful; Wisdom comes out with great fallacies; Six parents are not harmonious and have filial piety; The country is in chaos and there are loyal ministers. "

Are based on this theory. Where there is will, we should practice for its foundation, not just practice and chase after the end.

Translation and annotation

These are all traced back to the source, and we have to understand them.

Laozi said: "the highest morality is something that people can't feel;" Followed by closeness and praise; Again, fear; Finally, curse. "

He also said: "Those who have lost their way are Mu Deye; If you lose virtue, you will admire goodness; if you lose goodness, you will admire virtue and righteousness; If you lose morality, you will respect etiquette. External etiquette is the shallowness of loyalty and the beginning of disaster; The wisdom of the past is the fur of the Tao and the beginning of stupidity. "

He added: "When the avenue was abandoned, we began to pay attention to kindness; Resourceful, there is a big rape; Only when the six relatives are not harmonious can we pay attention to filial piety and love; The national politics is dark and the rules are chaotic. Only ministers loyal to the monarch are respected. "

This is all a theory of traceability. People with lofty ideals should pursue their roots by following their own trajectory, rather than just sticking to their own trajectory and giving up their roots.

original text

If you want to be pure gold and beautiful jade, you must forge from fire;

You have to walk on thin ice to hold up the sky.

translate

To cultivate people like pure gold and beautiful jade, they must be tempered by fire;

To make contributions, we must walk on thin ice.

original text

People value quality. If they are a little dirty, they are not indomitable men.

If there is anything to be ashamed of, it is not the character of Taishan Beidou.

translate

Character is the most important thing in life, as long as there is a little dirty mind, it is not an indomitable husband;

Character is about behavior. As long as you do something shameful, it is not the personality of Taishan Beidou.

original text

Will people fight for glory? At the time of its request, it was extremely humiliating;

Will people compete for favor? As far as it is concerned, it is extremely cheap on earth.

translate

Isn't this world in pursuit of glory? But just as he was striving for it, he had already suffered the great shame of the world;

Isn't this world all about luck? But just as he was searching hard, he had fallen to the bottom of the world.

Huiping

Most people who are obsessed with the world trend only know that they are obsessed with powerful people and don't ask about their evils; After the defeat, it's a pity to end up mutually assured destruction! Even if you get away with it, your honor will be remembered, but you will be polluted by the party's assistance and remembered for thousands of years!

Liu Niantai said: "Progress all the way is not in vain, and you can't get it. If you don't see through human feelings, you will run like crazy, open your mouth for nothing, and show your intelligence everywhere. Fortunately, the foundation has been defeated and there is no solution. What happened? It is really shameful to be a villain. "

Translation and annotation

In this world, most people who are in favor of the situation only know how to attach themselves to the powerful people, and they don't ask the powerful people whether they are good or bad. After the defeat, I finally had to die with the treacherous dignitaries. What a pity! Even if you get away with it, relying on the importance of your reputation and integrity, you don't pursue immortality, but you are willing to be defiled by private parties. Finally, it's a shame.

Liu said: "The official career of fame and fortune is indeed something that scholars can't help but pursue, but they can't get it. This is fate. If you don't see this, in order to gain fame, you will run like crazy, open up various channels, and betray yourself to take refuge. The means are simply racking their brains. Even if you are lucky enough to become famous, your own reputation has been ruined and you can't save it. What's the use? What's more, hard pursuit may not be realized? This practice is really a villain! "

original text

The high reputation of a husband lies only in his fame and integrity;

I show off my husband, but I want clothes for everyday life.

translate

What people with lofty ideals admire is nothing more than fame and integrity;

Ordinary people only show off beautiful clothes and beautiful houses.

Huiping

"Hui Ji" says: "Excellent people are good to the Tang Dynasty and the emperor when they go on stage. In the end, they refuse to sit with them, and everyone laughs. What's the difference between the official version of the world and taking part in accidental amusement? Showing off the countryside while dressing up, Japan is at the door of relatives and friends. For those who snicker, it is just a few hopes! "

It is more likely to be close to the present, but if you want to criticize Mr. Kim today, you have to take this opportunity to make people think. What can you say if you are unconscious?

Lu said: "Being an American official in junior high school and senior high school is not the end of life. Just being a bad person, or nothing to blame, is not helpful to the world, even the highest American official, which is also conducive to my shame. And the world cares about this, not just to cover the coffin! "

Liu Niantai said: "From beginning to end, scholars always dress and eat. Why is there anything unusual about them? " He was just a little silly and flattered by the surprise in the alley. The man was in a coma and couldn't control himself, so he held it high. Have you gained anything physically and mentally? This is a blow! "

Zou Dong Guo Yun: "If you ask your city, you can count the nobles." Ask the wealth of the city, then the number of people who accumulate wealth is right; When you ask people in the city, Xiu De is a person who tries to help the world and set a good example, but the rich and the rich know nothing about it. Therefore, it is Xuanhe who is ambitious at the moment, and it is a prison dog; Jing xing and Qiao Yue are the people who travel forever. "

Translation and annotation

"Kuaishu" said: "There is a player who plays the role of Tang on the stage. After he stepped off the stage, he refused to sit with other performers, who all laughed at him. What is the difference between a man who pursues fame and fortune in the world and that actor who becomes an official? After the success of the imperial examination, he deliberately dressed up and paraded through the city, sitting in a sedan chair without a canopy every day and going back and forth to relatives and friends' homes. There are really too few people who are not laughed at by everyone! "

This metaphor is a bit sharp, but if we want to give today's gentlemen a painful warning, we can't help but use the stories of actors to stimulate them to make a profound examination. If they are indifferent, there is nothing to persuade!

Lv Kun said: "After obtaining a high academic title, I became an enviable senior official, and my wish was fulfilled, but this is not a lifelong career. If a person is not correct, or although there is no fault that people accuse, it is not beneficial to society, then high officials and high salaries will increase his shame. Instead, the world shows off in the streets. What a shame after death! "

Liu said: "A scholar who won the imperial examination became a high official and generous, dressed and ate like others, no different from ordinary people." Just because one or two ignorant and vulgar people in the village were surprised and flattered, they unconsciously lost their opinions and became proud. Is this good for my body and mind? This can be said to be a blow. "

Zou Dongguo said: "Ask who is the noble person in a place, and people will answer with a high-ranking person;" Ask who the rich people in a place are, and people will answer with people with more wealth; When people ask people who have high moral expectations in a place, they will answer by including people with high morality, people who strive to do good deeds and people who beautify customs, but they will never mention the local rich. Therefore, people who are proud for a while can only be like cranes riding official cars in ancient times, or like fat pigs in circles; Those who are friends with the benevolent people of the ages are the mountains and rivers of stars that are overturned. "

original text

Flattery, men are ashamed to be concubines;

I really can't chisel, my Lord, I haven't lost my heart.

translate

To please the smiling face of the boss is to please, and men disdain to be such a woman's invitation;

Without any essential carving, the gentleman still maintains a pure and simple heart.

original text

Open your eyes to see the waves rolling and love Hejin, share joys and sorrows, but it is only a temporary affair;

Frowning and watching the waves turn over the evil shore, success or failure is just a moment of fireworks.

translate

Watching the waves of love rolling, joys and sorrows, not for a while;

The stormy waves of the evil sea, the rise and fall, the success or failure, are just passing clouds.

original text

A gentleman should be honest in his work and modest in his succession;

In the matter of villains, they will flatter, treat them with reason and convince others with reason.

translate

A gentleman must be loyal and respectful when serving his boss; Treat subordinates with humility and kindness.

It must be flattering for a little person to serve the boss; Treating subordinates must be arrogant and cruel.

Huiping

The villain is engraved on snobbery, so he is impermanent. So, isn't a gentleman evil?

Translation and annotation

Villains always think about how to gain benefits from power, so they have no certain integrity. How can he not be rejected by that gentleman?

original text

The gentleman is in power, and the villain is a gentleman. So far, he is not a gentleman, but a real villain;

The villain is in power, and everyone in China is a villain. So far, he is not a villain, but a true gentleman.

translate

When a gentleman is in power, even a villain can become a gentleman. In this case, the person who can't be a gentleman is the real villain.

When a villain plays tricks on people, most people will become villains. In this case, if they still don't become villains, they will be real gentlemen.

original text

It's not good to give up people in Korea,

Not a good person at home;

Usually, he is not a good person,

Wanderer is not a good student.

translate

Not a good official in the imperial court,

Because I am not a good scholar at home;

Not a good scholar at home,

Because I was not a good student when I was a child.

Huiping

The teaching of children has a lot to do with this.

Translation and annotation

The enlightenment education received in childhood is so important.

original text

Learning is like a virgin, afraid of people;

Being an official is like marrying a daughter-in-law and raising people;

Go back to the forest like an old woman and teach people.

translate

Study like a virgin, live alone and be afraid of meeting people;

When you become an official, you should be like a housewife, staying up late to take care of others;

After retiring to the mountains, you should teach your children and inculcate others like your mother-in-law.

Huiping

Lu Donglai said, "Scholar-officials like to say that customs are not good. I wonder who made the customs? As a custom, if you don't know how to do it, how can you do it well? "

If you can talk about customs by yourself, there are many unwilling meanings.

Translation and annotation

Lu Benzhong said: "Scholar-officials love to say that the wind is bad. I wonder who caused the custom. You should know that your words and deeds are part of the custom. Without practice, how can the customs get better? "

Speaking of social customs, in itself, there are many meanings of refusing to muddle along.

original text

When you are poor, you have no wealth in your eyes, and you will not be arrogant if you succeed in the future;

When you are rich, you won't forget your poverty. Once you retire, you won't complain.

translate

When you are poor, you don't value wealth, and you won't be arrogant when your career is smooth in the future;

When you are rich, you won't forget your past poverty. When you retire, you won't complain.

original text

Before the nobles, Mo Yan was cheap, and he would say that I asked him for recommendation;

Mo Yan is poor in front of the rich, and he will call me to beg for his pity.

translate

In front of dignitaries, don't say that your status is low, he will think that you want to ask him to introduce you;

Don't tell the rich that you live in poverty, he will think you are begging for his pity.

original text

The villain only hopes for kindness, but forgets it;

A gentleman owes money to others, and he must pay it back if he receives it.

translate

The villain hopes for the good of others with all his heart, but forgets it after receiving it;

A gentleman doesn't owe others easily, but he has to pay back what he has received.

original text

Chao Fu washed his ears to raise his voice and gave it to his ears. His words have entered his heart, so he wants to cut his heart;

Chen Zhong's wow is a sign of cleanliness, and it is also wow. Its taste has entered the intestine, so you should wash it when licking it.

translate

Chao Fu used ear washing to be lofty, but I think the ear is just an organ. What he heard has entered his heart, so he should cut his heart and wash his ears.

Chen Zhong used vomiting to show his honesty, but I think what he vomited was just some scum. Something unclean has entered his stomach and should be cut open and washed.

original text

In harmony with others, you have irresistible power;

Grasp yourself, and you will have flexible rights.

translate

People who are amiable to others have strong and unyielding perseverance;

You have flexibility in dealing with honest and strong people.

Huiping

Those who are unyielding in heart and can reconcile outside will benefit a lot.

Founder said, "What is the harmony between vulgar and not vulgar?" ? Its disadvantage is also weak flow; What are the areas where you hold your body and don't scratch it? Its shortcomings are also serious and excessive. It's only a matter of time before we introduce it into it and stay out of it. "

Translation and annotation

I have a strong heart and don't give in to external forces, but getting along well with outsiders is of great help to my career.

Fang Xiaoru said, "Is it benevolent to get along well with the laity? The problem is smooth and not firm; Is it Geng Jie's virtue to be firm all his life? Too much trouble and too many mistakes. The kind of person who puts justice in his heart and can be kind to others is almost the same. "

original text

Make people have a reputation in front, but not in the back;

People are happy at first, but they are unhappy after being bored for a long time.

translate

It is better to be praised in front of people than to be blamed behind them;

It is better to get along with people for a long time than for a short time.

Huiping

A villain who is unhappy when he first meets, never tires of learning a gentleman for a long time. If there is, it can be seen.

Translation and annotation

The intersection was not liked by the villain on the first day; Get along for a long time, don't be rejected by a gentleman. Only in this way can we see a person's character.

original text

Charming as a nine-tailed fox, clever as Kuzu, alas! The shame of this seven-foot body;

Violence by a three-legged tiger is more poisonous than a two-headed snake, poor thing! Bad place.

translate

As seductive as a nine-tailed fox, as cunning and pathetic as Kuzu! Shame to kill seven feet;

As cruel as a three-legged tiger and as vicious as a two-headed snake, what a pity! Ruined people's hearts.

original text

Looking around, I laughed and hated the sky at the beginning. Why did I kiss the ground?

Finally, I'm going to ask you, why is your heart lighter than life and why is it heavy?

translate

Bowing and saluting everywhere is ridiculous. Why is your head so far from heaven and so close to the earth?

Planning and calculating all day long, why do you value life and wealth so much in your heart?

Huiping

"Yang Sheng 'an's Poems" said: "I abandoned my heart before I died, but I shook a pair of empty hands after I died. "Enough to wake up for a lifetime.

Translation and annotation

Yang Shen said in Poems of Sheng 'an Temple: "I tried my best before I died, but I died empty-handed. "This is enough to wake up a lifetime of obsession!

original text

Rich children pour money for officials;

Corrupt officials sell things and neglect their duties.

translate

Rich children have no money to seek official positions;

Corrupt officials lost their official positions because of bribery.

Huiping

At first, I lost everything, but when I died, I lost everything. If everyone is greedy, then he will lose his wealth!

Translation and annotation

At first, I was worried that I had no official position, but I finally lost my official position. If everyone can eliminate greed, how can there be things that take official positions and consume property!

original text

Brothers fold chopsticks in two parts.

Scholar-bureaucrats love money, but books stink.

translate

The brothers broke up and turned the perfect match into pieces;

Scholar-bureaucrats are greedy for money, turning sage books into a heartbreaking smell.

Huiping

Gao Zhong offered a public motto: "The wealth of a scholar-bureaucrat is as ugly as the shame of a maid-in-waiting climbing over the wall. Those who are full of popular customs and are not surprised just never aspire to be a person; If you want to be a man, you will know that men and women are always rude. "

Translation and annotation

"Family Instructions of Gao Panlong" said: "Scholar-officials take bribes and bend the law, and its ugliness is no less than that of women climbing over the wall to steal from Han people. It is not surprising that secular people have followed suit, because they have not established their ambition to be upright and noble people; With this ambition, it is natural to know that corruption and bribery are as shameful as violating etiquette between men and women. "

original text

The mirror stops water and clears the heart;

Mount Tai Qiao Yue stood at his feet;

In clear skies and during the day;

Ji Yueguang treats people with wind.

translate

If the mirror stops water, it makes the heart clear;

Like Taishan Qiao Yue, let yourself be noble and firm;

Such as the sky, make things aboveboard;

Like the wind in the moonlight, it makes people honest and easy.

original text

Save money and cure poverty;

Play the piano to treat mania;

Lying alone to treat prostitution;

Follow the fate of medical treatment;

Reading and practicing medicine.

translate

Cure poverty by saving money;

Cure impatience with drums, musical instruments and harps;

Pure heart lies alone to cure lust;

Treat sadness with an open-minded attitude;

Cure vulgarity through study.

Huiping

This is called the country.

Translation and annotation

This is really a junior high school master.

original text

Depending on the beauty of flowers, evil obstacles disappear;

Listening to string songs with running water, what harm does it do to the soul?

translate

Looking at beauty with a flower-watching mentality, evil desires are naturally eliminated;

What harm does it do to people's souls to enjoy songs and music with the mentality of listening to running water?

Huiping

Flowers are lovely and never take pictures; The running water can be heard, but the ear is not in love.

Translation and annotation

Flowers are lovely, but unforgettable; The running water can be smelled, but it doesn't linger.

original text

Think about the next floor, there is no light between heaven and earth;

To say the least, you will have an open mind.

translate

Progressive thinking, between heaven and earth, is bright;

Take a step back and be suddenly enlightened.

original text

Wisdom can be improved by thinking;

Know what you are hiding, but don't show it.

translate

Wisdom should be profound and can be cultivated for a long time;

Knowledge should be hidden, not revealed.

original text

Heteronomy is Confucian self-discipline;

It is the madness of a madman to discipline others by himself.

translate

Taking others as an example and being strict with yourself is the kung fu of Confucian self-cultivation;

Taking oneself as an example and demanding others strictly is the arrogance and arrogance of fanatics.

original text

Eating its power is nothing more than its heart;

To be poor, not to seek the world.

translate

Self-reliance and self-improvement, not thinking about things outside;

Be content, don't ask for anything in the world.

original text

There is endless life between heaven and earth. I have to think about how to give back to heaven and earth.

The source of the characters is also born without suffering, so I want to think about how I was influenced by my parents. I must consider how to teach it to my children and grandchildren.

translate

Everything in the world is endless. We should consider how to save our lives and strengthen ourselves in order to repay the natural feeding of heaven and earth.

People's survival, generation after generation, should consider how they are loved by their parents. How should we educate the younger generation so that they can stand on their own feet and benefit the world?

original text

Scholar-officials should benefit future generations, not seek happiness for them; It is good for you to respect family rules, advocate simplicity, teach farming and study, and accumulate virtue. Guangtian house, marriage, struggle, fame, this is also a blessing. Beneficiaries are light and long, and those who seek happiness are thick and short.

translate

Scholar-officials should benefit future generations, not seek happiness for them; It is beneficial to abide by family rules, advocate thrift, teach cultivated land to read, and do more things that are secretly virtuous to others; Buying a farmhouse, climbing the ladder, pursuing money and spending money to become famous are all blessings. For the benefit of future generations, it is diluted and long-lasting, but for the benefit of future generations, it is heavy and short-lived.

Huiping

What you don't want is what you get. You should know that interest is the right way to seek happiness.

Translation and annotation

After all, happiness is not something you can barely get. You know, the right way to seek happiness is to benefit future generations.

original text

Scholars should cherish the name of this life, not the name of this life; Honest book, Tang Qi's solution, careful respect and observance, this cherishes fame; The city is also famous for bidding for the list, inviting dignitaries, stimulating affairs and learning from the model. Those who cherish fame rest, and those who are famous in the city are impetuous and clumsy.

translate

Scholar-officials should cherish their reputation all their lives, not buy it; Pay attention to the education of poetry and calligraphy, advocate honesty, be careful with money, and be careful with your appearance, which is to cherish your reputation; Competing to boast, inviting powerful people, catering to people, and being noncommittal about something, this is to buy fame. Those who cherish fame are peaceful and calm, while those who buy fame are impetuous and clumsy.

Huiping

This is where the humiliation of one's body and reputation comes from. Correcting the name is a bad name, how can it be the market?

Translation and annotation

Self-defilement and reputation loss all begin with buying reputation. Seek a good reputation, but ruin your own reputation. Can reputation be bought?

original text

Scholar-officials should be family wealth, not family loss; Help the party, extensively repair, apologize for saving the famine, help righteousness, and use this money; Spending time in the garden, teaching singing and dancing, hosting extravagant banquets and playing with treasures all hurt money. Those who use money have gains and losses, while those who hurt money are full.

translate

Scholar-officials should make use of family wealth, but should not damage it; Helping relatives and friends, generous teachers, helping victims and helping justice is to use family wealth; Building gorgeous gardens, teaching geisha and dancers, holding extravagant banquets, buying and collecting a large number of treasures and playthings are harmful to families and wealth. The use of family wealth, although reducing the loss of wealth, is beneficial to the moral reputation of the world and individuals; Hurt the family wealth, seemingly rich, the loss of money and morality will eventually lead to ruin.

Huiping

No matter in oneself or in others, what righteousness should use is what it should use; Improper use of meaning is called injury. Rich people can learn from it.

Translation and annotation

No matter whether the money is used for yourself or for others, in principle, what should be used is called use; Not used but spent, this is called injury. Rich people can learn from it.

original text

Scholar-officials should cultivate themselves for the world and not cherish themselves for the world; Keeping lust, reducing thinking, and abstaining from anger and dieting are also good for your health; It is also a pity to adjust interests, avoid bitterness, stay in caves and camp, and raise a wife and children. Those who cultivate themselves are big, and those who cherish them are thin.

translate

Scholar-officials should maintain their bodies for the world, but they should not be stingy with their bodies; Restrain desire, reduce thinking, restrain anger and diet, which is to maintain the body; Trying to avoid injury, fatigue and resentment, building a huge room and waiting for your wife and children is mean to yourself. People who maintain their bodies are ambitious; People who are stingy with their bodies have poor taste and short-sightedness.

Huiping

There is hope by raising his body. It seems that I cherish this body, but I don't know that I have put this body in a useless place. I can only say that I don't love myself.

Mr. Zhang Dongchu lectured Jintang four times.

Chen Rongmen said: "According to the four proverbs, being a man is what Mencius said,' He who wants from me is also';" An unjust person is what Mencius said,' those who seek outside are also'. Although the traces are similar, righteousness and reality hinder each other. Listing them one by one and giving them to each other is obviously a clear distinction between public and private. When I was recalling my life, I saw this proverb among the barriers in Guanzhai. I am worried about it, but I don't know if I am right. Compared with my official career, I have a deep taste of the world. Every time I see a scholar-bureaucrat, I often go astray, which makes me regret the end of the road, benefit from the motto of my ancestors, and make me think deeply, but I am ashamed that I have lost my understanding and read it. But Si Qi introspection, do whatever you want, don't do whatever you want, is willing to be encouraged by the gentleman in the world. "

Translation and annotation

The purpose of fitness is to make a difference. The kind of person who seems to cherish his body, but doesn't know that he has put himself in a useless position, can simply be said to love himself.

The above four articles are aphorisms written by Mr. Zhang Dongchu in Quejintang.

Chen Hongmou said: "According to the four proverbs, what should be done is what Mencius said:' What you want is on yourself'; What you shouldn't do is what Mencius said,' Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you'. The two are similar on the surface, but they are actually opposite. Now list them one by one, right and wrong, public and private, and you will see them clearly. I recall seeing these four proverbs on the fence of the government when I was a student, and I was very scared, but I didn't understand the serious and pertinent language. Later, after becoming an official, I had a deeper understanding of the world. I often see that some officials can't tell the difference between the four and even go astray, which makes me regret the end of the road. What impressed me even more was the inadequacies of the ancestors' proverbs, which were thought-provoking. I was ashamed that I had only read these four proverbs carelessly before. A person who doesn't give up on himself should always see Saint Si Qi, examine him deeply, do what he should do, and don't do what he shouldn't. I hope to encourage all gentlemen in the world! "