Analysis:
Anorectal hemorrhoids, commonly known as hemorrhoids, are common and frequently-occurring diseases peculiar to human beings. According to relevant census data, the incidence of rectal diseases is 59. 1%, and hemorrhoids account for 87.25% of all anorectal diseases, among which internal hemorrhoids are the most common, accounting for 52. 19% of all anorectal diseases. Both men and women can get sick, with the incidence rate of 67% for women and 53.9% for men. It can occur at any age, and people aged 20-40 are more common, so there is a saying of "ten people and nine hemorrhoids".
Hemorrhoids and their classification
Anorectal hemorrhoids, commonly known as hemorrhoids, are common and frequently-occurring diseases peculiar to human beings. According to relevant census data, the incidence of rectal diseases is 59. 1%, and hemorrhoids account for 87.25% of all anorectal diseases, among which internal hemorrhoids are the most common, accounting for 52. 19% of all anorectal diseases. Both men and women can get sick, the incidence rate of women is 67%, that of men is 53.9%, and the incidence rate of women is higher; It can occur at any age, especially at the age of 20-40, and it can get worse with age, so it is called "ten people and nine hemorrhoids".
There are many reasons for hemorrhoids. Sedentary, standing for a long time, tired, etc. It makes the human body stay in a fixed position for a long time, thus affecting the blood circulation, making the blood flow in the pelvic cavity slow and the internal organs congested, causing over-filling, varicose veins, bulging vein walls and decreased tension, which is one of the important reasons for hemorrhoids. If insufficient exercise, slow intestinal peristalsis, slow defecation or habitual constipation, thus compressing the vein, causing local congestion and blood reflux disorder, increasing the internal pressure of hemorrhoids and reducing the resistance of vein wall, it can also lead to an increase in the incidence of hemorrhoids. According to the analysis of clinical observation and statistical investigation results, the prevalence rate of patients in different occupations is significantly different, and the prevalence rate of government officials, car drivers, salespeople and teachers is obviously higher in clinic.
The hemorrhoid nucleus located in the oral mucosa is called "internal hemorrhoid", and the one near the oral cavity is called "external hemorrhoid". Both of them are called "mixed hemorrhoids". The symptoms of hemorrhoids are pain in the affected area and bloody stool. In severe cases, hemorrhoids will protrude (prolapse) and retract after defecation.
Causes of hemorrhoid formation
At present, most doctors in China believe that the causes of hemorrhoids are as follows:
1. Anatomical reasons: When people are standing or sitting, the rectum is located in the lower part. Due to gravity and organ compression, the upward venous return is quite blocked. The rectal vein and its branches lack venous valves, so the blood is not easy to return, and it is easy to congestion. Its blood vessels are arranged in a special way, passing through the muscular layer at different heights, which is easy to be oppressed by feces and affects blood return. Veins pass through the loose tissue of submucosa, lack of stents around them, and are easy to expand and flex.
Second, genetic relationship: the vein wall is inherently fragile, the resistance is reduced, and it cannot tolerate intravascular pressure, so it gradually expands.
Third, professional relations: people standing or sedentary for a long time, traveling with heavy load for a long time, affect venous return, make the blood flow in the pelvic cavity slow, and the internal organs are congested, resulting in excessive filling of hemorrhoid veins, decreased tension of venous walls, and easy congestion and expansion of blood vessels. Due to insufficient exercise, decreased intestinal peristalsis, slow defecation, or habitual constipation, the vein can be compressed, causing local congestion and blood reflux disorder, increasing the pressure in the hemorrhoid vein and decreasing the resistance of the vein wall.
Fourth, local * * * and improper diet: cold, heat, constipation, diarrhea, * * * drinking too much and eating spicy food can affect the rectum, make the hemorrhoid venous plexus congested, affect the venous blood return, and thus reduce the resistance of the venous wall.
5. Increased venous pressure: Due to liver cirrhosis, liver congestion and cardiac insufficiency, venous congestion and pressure can be increased, which will affect the blood return of rectal vein.
6. Increased intra-abdominal pressure: intra-abdominal tumors, uterine tumors, ovarian tumors, prostatic hypertrophy, pregnancy, overeating or squatting for too long can increase intra-abdominal pressure and hinder venous blood return.
VII. * * Infection: Hemorrhoid venous plexus is inflamed due to acute and chronic infection, and the elastic tissue of venous wall is gradually fibrotic and weakened, resulting in varicose veins expanding. Coupled with other reasons, varicose veins gradually increase, resulting in hemorrhoids.
Hemorrhoids are mainly composed of dilated veins, spongy tissues and connective tissue stroma. The vein expands and bends, its wall becomes thinner, the outer membrane and middle layer contract, and the elastic fibrous tissue in the wall becomes fibrous tissue [some veins remain unchanged]. There may be a thrombus in the vein and a blood clot outside the vein. There is often acute and chronic inflammation, cell infiltration can be seen, and sometimes a small abscess is formed. Spongy tissue, called rectal cavernous body, consists of many small blood vessels and short and flexible arterioles. Sometimes there is arteriovenous fistula, and arterial pulsation can be felt in the hemorrhoid. The surface of internal hemorrhoids is columnar epithelium, and the surface of external hemorrhoids is squamous epithelium.
What harm does hemorrhoid easily cause?
The main symptoms of hemorrhoids are hematochezia and prolapse. Repeated bleeding during defecation will cause a large loss of iron in the body and cause iron deficiency anemia. This is because under normal circumstances, the absorption and excretion of iron are in a balanced state, and the loss of iron is very small. Normal adult men lose less than 2 mg of iron every day, while patients with hematochezia will lose more than 3 ~ 4 mg of iron if their blood loss exceeds 6 ~ 8 ml every day. The total iron content of normal human body is 50 mg/kg body weight for men and 35 mg/kg body weight for women. If a large amount of iron is lost in the stool for a long time, the total iron content in the body is lower than normal, which can cause iron deficiency anemia.
Iron deficiency anemia caused by hemorrhoid blood loss generally develops slowly, with no symptoms or mild symptoms in the early stage. When anemia is severe or progresses rapidly, after physical activity, there will be pallor, listlessness, loss of appetite, palpitation, rapid heart rate and shortness of breath and edema. Some patients may have nervous system symptoms, such as excitability, excitement and irritability. Some people think that it is due to the lack of iron-containing enzymes in cells. These symptoms can be eliminated by correcting anemia and treating hemorrhoids. Therefore, if hemorrhoids are found, they should be treated as soon as possible to avoid the above symptoms and complicate the treatment.
Another main symptom of hemorrhoids is prolapse of internal hemorrhoids. The protruding internal hemorrhoid is caught by the sphincter, and the venous return is blocked. However, arterial blood continues to be imported, which increases the volume of hemorrhoid core until arterial blood vessels are compressed, thrombosis is formed, and hemorrhoid core becomes hard and painful, so it is difficult to send it back. Traditionally, it is called "strangulated internal hemorrhoids", but external hemorrhoids are more common in clinic, and thrombosis is often accompanied by pain. When the prolapse of hemorrhoid nucleus cannot be sent back, it is also called "incarcerated hemorrhoid". Long-term incarceration of hemorrhoids can also cause the following diseases:
(1) Necrosis: The hemorrhoid core is incarcerated outside * * *, and due to a series of pathological changes, local metabolites accumulate, further aggravating * * * local edema and hemorrhoid core incarceration, resulting in a vicious circle. Therefore, if internal hemorrhoids are buried for a long time, they will inevitably become necrotic. At this time, necrosis is often confined to the mucosal part of hemorrhoids, but it will also invade other parts of the human body. It has been reported abroad that the thrombus in hemorrhoid nucleus spreads upward and the necrotic area extends to the rectal wall, which leads to severe pelvic sepsis. Although this situation is rare, it must be highly valued by clinicians.
(2) Infection: After incarceration of hemorrhoid nucleus, there are many different degrees of infection, and the patient has symptoms such as internal urgency and severe abdominal distension. At this time, the infection is mostly confined to * * *. If the infection is strongly reset, it is easy to spread, causing submucosal, perianal or ischiorectal abscess. If the embolus with bacteria goes up along the vein, coupled with improper use of antibiotics or no use of antibacterial drugs, portal vein bacteria will form. There have been reports of fatal portal vein septicemia related to incarceration of hemorrhoid nucleus abroad.
In a word, hemorrhoids are very harmful to human body, which should attract the attention of clinical workers and treat every hemorrhoid patient seriously. Patients with hemorrhoids need not be too nervous. The above-mentioned serious complications can be avoided as long as they can be treated early and properly.
Prevention of hemorrhoids
The incidence of hemorrhoids is very high, and the recurrence rate of patients with hemorrhoids after surgery or other treatment is also very high. Investigate its reason, in addition to the treatment is not thorough, do not pay attention to prevent the occurrence of hemorrhoids, is also an important factor, to prevent the occurrence of hemorrhoids, mainly in the following aspects:
(1) Strengthen exercise: Take part in various sports activities such as broadcast gymnastics, Tai Ji Chuan and Qigong. Can enhance the body's disease resistance, reduce the possibility of illness, and also have a certain preventive effect on hemorrhoids. This is because physical exercise is beneficial to blood circulation, can reconcile human qi and blood, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, improve pelvic congestion, prevent constipation and prevent hemorrhoids. On the other hand, local blood circulation can be improved by self. There are two ways: one is to press your hand on Changqiang point at the tip of coccyx for about 5 minutes before going to bed, which can dredge meridians and improve blood circulation; Another method is to consciously contract the upward force with your mind, and do it 1 time in the morning and evening, 30 times each time. This is a kind of internal * * *, which has the functions of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, exercising sphincter and improving middle qi. Often used, it can improve the venous reflux of hemorrhoids and play a certain role in the prevention and self-treatment of hemorrhoids.
(2) Prevention of constipation: Normal people defecate/kloc-0 times a day, and they have different habits after breakfast, lunch and dinner. Normal defecation is soft, dry and not thin. I don't feel difficult when defecating, but I feel relaxed and comfortable after defecation, which shows that the gastrointestinal function is good. If constipation is hard, it is not only difficult to defecate, but also because of the accumulation of feces in the intestinal cavity, the pressure in the rectal blood vessels increases, and the blood return is blocked, so that hemorrhoids varicose veins form hemorrhoids. To prevent constipation, we should pay attention to the following points:
① Reasonable diet. It can not only increase appetite, correct constipation, improve gastrointestinal function, but also develop the habit of regular defecation. In the daily diet, you can choose vegetables, fruits, beans and other foods with more vitamins and cellulose, and eat less spicy foods, such as peppers, mustard and ginger.
② Develop the habit of regular defecation. Healthy people usually have no feces in their rectum. Upright reflex caused by getting up in the morning and gastrocolon reflex caused by breakfast can produce strong "group peristalsis" in the colon, pushing feces into the rectum, and feces in the rectum accumulate to a certain amount, resulting in defecation. Therefore, it is best to develop the habit of defecating regularly every morning, which plays an extremely important role in preventing hemorrhoids. Some people think that drinking 1 cup of cold boiled water in the morning can promote gastrointestinal movement and prevent constipation. Besides, taking part in various sports activities in the morning, such as running, doing exercises and playing Tai Ji Chuan, can prevent constipation. Don't stop defecation when you feel defecation, because defecation for too long will cause habitual constipation. Squatting in the toilet for too long, reading newspapers, or using too much force when defecating are all bad defecation habits and should be corrected.
③ Choose the correct method to treat constipation. For ordinary constipation patients, we can take a reasonable diet and develop the habit of regular defecation to correct it. For intractable constipation or constipation caused by a disease, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible, and you must not take laxatives or * * * for a long time. Because taking laxatives for a long time will not only make rectal blood vessels congested and dilated, but also lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction. Long-term * * *, will make the rectal mucosa feel dull, slow defecation reflex, aggravate constipation, but it is conducive to the occurrence of hemorrhoids. Therefore, if you have intractable constipation, you must treat it correctly under the guidance of an experienced specialist.
(3) Pay attention to health care during pregnancy: women can increase abdominal pressure after pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. The dilated uterus compresses the inferior vena cava, which directly affects the reflux of hemorrhoid veins and is easy to induce hemorrhoids, especially when the fetal position is not correct. Therefore, it is not only beneficial to health care during pregnancy, but also beneficial to the prevention of diseases such as hemorrhoids to go to the hospital for review regularly during pregnancy and correct the abnormal fetal position in time. In addition, the general activity of pregnant women is relatively reduced, which leads to the weakening of gastrointestinal function, the retention of feces in the intestinal cavity, and the re-absorption of water in feces, resulting in dry feces and hemorrhoids. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately increase activities during pregnancy. Avoid standing for a long time and sitting for a long time, and pay attention to keeping the stool unobstructed. Fumigating and washing * * * with warm water after each defecation improves the blood circulation of * * *, which is very beneficial to prevent hemorrhoids.
(4) Keep the surroundings clean: the rectum and the S-shaped colon are the places where feces are stored and excreted. There are a lot of bacteria in the feces, and the area around * * * is easily polluted by these bacteria, which induces the infection of sweat glands and sebaceous glands around * * *, resulting in boils and abscesses. Female * * * is adjacent to * * *, and * * * has more secretions, which can cause * * * * skin and induce hemorrhoids. Therefore, we should always keep the surrounding environment clean, smoke and wash with warm water every day, and change frequently, which can play a role in preventing hemorrhoids.
(5) Others: Increased abdominal pressure can block venous reflux of hemorrhoids and cause hemorrhoids. There are many diseases that cause abdominal pressure to increase in clinic. For example, abdominal tumors compress blood vessels in the abdominal cavity, which can block the venous return of hemorrhoids and cause hemorrhoids. Portal hypertension caused by liver cirrhosis can cause rectal vasodilation and hemorrhoids. At this time, cirrhosis should be treated first. Don't rush to treat hemorrhoids, because the symptoms of hemorrhoids can be improved after liver cirrhosis is relieved.
There are many ways to prevent hemorrhoids. As long as we pay attention to it in our daily life, we can not only prevent and reduce the occurrence of hemorrhoids, but also alleviate the symptoms of patients with hemorrhoids and reduce and prevent the onset of hemorrhoids.
Why is it easy for traditional therapy to treat hemorrhoids to recur?
Hemorrhoid is a disease that grows in human excretory orifice, and its growth and development are closely related to people's living habits, working and learning environment, walking fatigue, eating and sleeping, etc. As the saying goes, "ten people with nine hemorrhoids" is actually strictly speaking "ten people with ten hemorrhoids". People's life, as long as they live a normal life, it is impossible not to produce a spark of venous congestion and varicose veins in the * * * part, unless the shit does not pass through * * *. So it can be said that everyone will have a mild or severe illness. The so-called hemorrhoid-free is just asymptomatic In view of this, any other traditional therapy can only alleviate or make the symptoms disappear, so that the local tissues can be restored to their original state or the lesions disappear as much as possible, but it can never stop the lower end of the rectum, anal canal and venous plexus from silting, bending and winding into venous masses, which will eventually lead to the recurrence of hemorrhoids. It can be seen that the recurrence of other traditional treatments for hemorrhoids is inevitable, but the severity and duration will be different.
Why do only people get hemorrhoids?
Indeed, only people have hemorrhoids. This is because among the creatures in nature, only humans are advanced vertebrates that walk upright, and others are reptiles. An important difference between Homo erectus and reptiles is that the distribution and tension of blood vessels in the * * * part are different. Although humans and animals are born with similar blood vessels and muscles, their activity intensity increases with their continuous growth. In addition to the force of defecation like reptiles, Homo erectus also had a vertical attraction of the earth to blood vessels, which reptiles did not have. In addition, people's continuous fatigue, illness and diet increase the reflux resistance of venous blood vessels. Therefore, it can be said that hemorrhoids are still a "patent" of human beings.
How to diagnose hemorrhoids?
According to the medical history, physical examination, anorectal digital examination and environmental examination, the diagnosis was made with reference to the classification of hemorrhoids.
If it is slightly suspicious, it should be further examined to exclude benign and malignant tumors and inflammatory diseases of colon, rectum and anal canal.
When defecating, you see bleeding, dripping blood or a stool clock with blood or pus, which is mostly caused by hemorrhoids; Anal fissure bleeding is bright red, accompanied by severe pain; Bloody stool, dark red in blood or dark stool, is caused by gastrointestinal bleeding. There is tumor prolapse during defecation, accompanied by dampness or mucus, mostly from internal hemorrhoid prolapse or rectal mucosa prolapse; If * * * has a lump, the pain is severe, and the lump is black and round, it may be thrombotic external hemorrhoids; * * * The local fever and pain of the lump is the symptom of perianal abscess; Palpation * * * has a rope-like packing, and a small amount of pus is ejected from the mouth, which is the performance of anal fistula.
Traditional treatment of hemorrhoids
surgical treatment
This method can quickly eliminate the focus and symptoms, but the patient has great pain, much bleeding, long course of treatment, and often has sequelae such as fecal incontinence and stenosis. Clinically, many patients recurred after operation, some recurred in a short period of time, and some patients even had multiple operations and finally recurred.
Internal Medicine, Surgery and Patch Therapy
Conservative treatment of internal medicine, external medicine and sticking medicine can improve symptoms, which is not only slow, but also difficult to eliminate and incomplete. Long-term drug use is expensive and has side effects on the body.
Ultra-low temperature and ultra-high temperature therapy
Therapeutic instruments such as liquid nitrogen freezing, laser, microwave, electron (including low frequency, radio frequency, capacitance field, iontophoresis and electrodynamic oscillation), etc. Its therapeutic principle is to use ultra-low temperature or ultra-high temperature to produce cold or thermal effect, and oscillating iontophoresis penetrates biophysical effect and electric field capacitance effect, etc., so as to achieve the therapeutic purpose of protein coagulation, vascular embolization, electrocautery hemostasis, cutting, tissue degeneration, necrosis and atrophy of the focus tissue.
Ligation and ligation therapy
It will hinder the blood circulation in the * * * area, and it is easy to produce congestion, edema, pain and difficulty in defecation.
Endoscopic injection therapy
At present, injection therapy is widely used at home and abroad, that is, injecting drugs into hemorrhoid nucleus to treat hemorrhoids. There are two kinds of injections commonly used in clinic: sclerosing and atrophic agents and necrotizing agents for hemorrhoids. Sclerosing agent is suitable for all stages of internal hemorrhoids and is commonly used in clinic at present. However, after the aseptic inflammatory reaction caused by drugs disappears, the contraction and extrusion of fibrosis are gradually relieved, and hemorrhoids are easy to recur. If the injection site is too shallow, it will easily lead to mucosal ulceration and mucosal abscess; If the injection site is too deep, it will easily lead to tissue sclerosis of the layer; If the dosage is too large, it will cause necrosis and massive bleeding; If the liquid medicine seeps out of dental floss, it will cause severe pain, edema or thrombosis; Excessive dosage of necrosis agent can often cause necrotic bleeding or ulcer on the necrotic surface of postoperative infection, especially extensive tissue necrosis or infection, which not only takes a long time to treat, but also scar contraction can cause stenosis sequelae.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Painting Red Therapy and Nail Therapy for Dry Hemorrhoids
Because of its side effects, great pain to patients and long course of treatment, it is rarely used in clinic now. Even if the injection therapy of internal hemorrhoids and dry hemorrhoids is improved on this basis, sclerotherapy and dry hemorrhoid therapy are not ideal treatments.
needle therapy
1. Basic therapy
The treatment is to clear away heat and promote diuresis, remove blood stasis and stop bleeding. Mainly in the Foot Sun Meridian and Du Meridian.
The most important point is the mountain, and the second point is white and strong.
Acupoint constipation, plus hook, big comfortable; For those with spleen deficiency and qi stagnation, tonify spleen Shu and Baihui.
All acupoints are operated by purgation, and those with spleen deficiency and qi stagnation should use tonic method and moxibustion.
Cheng Yi Chengshan point and Ciwan point are both bladder meridian points, and the foot sun enters the anus through Chengshan point. Therefore, the lower method can not only regulate bladder gasification to clear damp-heat, but also dredge local qi and blood, which belongs to "meridians are connected and the indications are accessible". Du meridian also passes through * * *, and Changqiang point belongs to Du meridian, which is located in * * *. Puncture can directly reach the diseased site, clearing away dampness and heat. Erbai is an experience point for treating hemorrhoids.
2. Other treatments
Hemorrhoids were found from both sides of the seventh thoracic vertebra to the lumbosacral region by triangular needle method, which were red papules, one or several of which were different and their positions were inconsistent. Choose one hemorrhoid spot at a time, prick it with a thick needle, and squeeze out blood beads or mucus for about 7 days, 1 time.