1, learn from time to time, don't you ("Ten Analects of Confucius") Say (yuè): Pass "Yue" and be happy.

2. What does your niece know? ..... is also known. (Ten Analects of Confucius)

Woman: Pass "you", you. Know: Be smart, be smart.

3. Bian Que looked at Huan Hou and walked away. (Bian Que sees Cai Huangong) Same thing: turn, turn, turn.

4. In the stomach, fire is within reach. ("Bian Que meets Cai Huangong") Qi: Tong "Yong".

5. All the meat in the bear has been eaten, only the bones are left. (Wolf) Stop: Pass "Only".

6. The day fades away. (Yang Le's Son and Wife) Death: Pass "Nothing".

Hequ died knowing his mistake. ("Yu Gong Yi Shan") Death: Pass "Nothing".

7. Abandoning and not using it is tantamount to mediocrity. ("For learning") screen: Through "Stop".

8. The mirror post is yellow. ..... The fire companions are very busy. ("Mulan Poetry") Post: Pass the "post". Fire: Pass "help".

9, no one else, but the hands are very familiar. (Bu Youweng) Er: Tong Er is equivalent to Gang.

10, crossing, crossing, starting a beach of seagulls and herons. (Like a Dream, Li Qingzhao) Controversy: How to preach.

1 1, the road turns west. ("Xijiang Moon" Xin Qiji) See, preach "today".

Only beauty can be seen outside ... ("Ma Shuo") See: preach "today".

When did you suddenly see this house? ("The hut was blown by the autumn wind") See: Pass on "Today".

12, full of silence, no one dares to wow. (stomatology) sit: pass the "seat".

13, Japan's Sakaka Yong Huan pays tribute to the people in the city. (Shang Zhong Yong) Pull: "Climb", pull and lead.

14, cold and summer are easy to celebrate, but the beginning is the opposite. ("Yu Gong Yi Shan") Anti: preach "return".

15, sorry, you don't like it. ("Yugong Yishan") Hui: Knowing "Hui" is clever.

16, one is anti-East and the other is Yongnan. ("Yugong Yishan") Measures: Pass the "Measures" and set them aside.

17, ask the canal so clearly. (Random Thoughts on Reading) Then: How about "Where"?

18, there are mountains on both sides of the strait, and nothing is lacking. ("Three Gorges") Que: Pass "lack".

19, hold your head high and your neck strong. ("Idle Feelings") Strong: "hard", hard.

20. If you are embarrassed, just enter through the gate. Tao: Guide, guide.

2 1, what about those bound? ("Yan Zi Er Ji") I: Pass "He".

22. A saint is not what he is. Xi: I'm joking.

23, decorated with roses, series with jade. (Buy a Gift and Return a Pearl) Series: Connect through "arrest".

24. Why isn't this a blessing? ("A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise") Suddenly: pass on "trust".

25, ... The sunspot is 9 miles away. ("Public Loss") Distance: Pass "Rejection" and block.

On the 26th, the public lost the game, and said ... ("Public Losing"): I was deeply impressed by the "bend".

27. The length of this ship is about eight minutes. ("The Story of the Nuclear Ship") There are: Children's "You".

28. Lean your left hand against the wood. (Nuclear Ship) Balance: Pass the "horizontal".

Trapped in my heart, balanced by troubles. ("Born in sorrow, died in happiness") Heng: Pass the "horizontal" and infarction, which means obstruction here.

29. A book of the King of Lushan Mountain, engraved in the distance. ("Nuclear Boat") Fu: Tong "Father".

30. Cover the peach pit and shrink it. Jane: Pick and choose.

3 1, treat you as an elder, so it's not bad. ("Tang Ju lives up to his mission") Wrong: Pass the "Measures".

Thirty-two. Stabbed Qing Ji, and struck the temple with pale ying. ("Tang drama does not disgrace the mission") Cang: Pass "Cang".

On the 33 rd and the 8 th floor, it was cut like a star. ("Mountain City") Cut: Pass "talent", just.

34. Send 900 men to defend Yuyang. (Chen She Family) Fitness: Getting through "Yi".

35. Singing for the world should be more. (Chen She aristocratic family) Singing: advocating and advocating.

It is strange to get a book in a fish's stomach. (Chen She aristocratic family) Take "already" as an example.

37. The general has made up his mind. (Chen She aristocratic family) Bei: children's Pi.

All the students are all embroidered together. (Preface to Sending Dongyang) North: Pass Pi.

38. People who eat horses don't know that they can eat thousands of miles. (Ma Shuo) Eat: Eat, eat.

39. You can't make full use of what you eat. ("Ma Shuo") Material: General "talent".

40. Is there really no horse? (Ma Shuo) Evil: Tong "also" expresses doubt, which is equivalent to "horse".

4 1, I'm a monk, ... (Travel Notes of the Western Hills Banquet): Tong Zai was demoted.

42, and the tourists are very violent. (Xiajiang Temple Quanfei Pavilion) Violence: exposure.

43, can't help, relatives. ("Get more help from the Tao, get less help from the Tao") Fang: Pass the "reverse".

44. Yico Zeng can't. ("Born in sorrow and died in happiness") Zeng: preach "increase".

45. If you enter, there will be no Legalists. ("Born in sorrow, died in happiness") Fu: preach "Bi", auxiliary.

46. The political style is harmonious and everything is ruined. ("Yueyang Tower") Furniture: "all", all, all.

47. It belongs to the composition to remember. ("Yueyang Tower") belongs to: Tong Gao.

48, eat and drink, hold on. (The Witch) You: Pass on "capital", wealth and money.

49. The guest asked Fiona Fang, "Is Zunjun there?" (Chen Taiqiu and Friendship) No: Pass "No".

50. This jade plate is worth $10,000. (It's hard to walk I) Straight: Pass the "value".

5 1, so I have nothing to lose. ("I want what I want") Bi: Pass "avoid" and avoid.

52. Wan Zhong accepted it without arguing about its appropriateness. ("The Fish I Want") Debate: Distinguish through "discrimination".

53. The poor get me? ("I want what I want") Germany: preach "Germany", well, here is grace. And: pass "one", modal particles.

54. Hometown is not subject to death. ("Fish I Want") Hometown: Once upon a time, "Hometown" was preached.

I want to believe that justice is above the world. ("Longzhong Dui") Letter: Pass "stretch".

56. Now that Dong Zhuo has come ... ("Longzhong Dui") has "arrived".

57. Xiaohui is not embarrassed and obedient. (Debate on Cao Gui): Spread "all over", spread all over, and popularize.

58, four stiff can't move. ("Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang") Branch: Pass the "limb".

59. Chicken Habitat (The Battle of Gentlemen): Tong "Cha" refers to the wooden frame made for chicken habitat.

Second, the content words in classical Chinese.

The notional words in ancient Chinese mainly include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals and quantifiers. They have real meaning and can answer questions independently.

(1) has different meanings in ancient and modern times. In classical Chinese, there are some words with the same ancient and modern time. As a result of the evolution, the meanings of words show the following differences:

(1) semantic extension. For example, "Jiang" and "He" used to refer to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, but now they refer to rivers in general.

(2) semantic narrowing. For example, the wife in "Leading a Wife into this Desperate Situation" refers to the wife and son, and now it refers to the husband's spouse.

③ Meaning transfer. For example, the ancient meaning of "base" in "The Emperor of the Former Dynasty was not thin" refers to lowliness and vulgarity (that is, low status and shallow knowledge), but now it refers to bad morality and immorality.

(4) the meaning of words crosses. For example, "pity" has the meaning of pity in ancient and modern times, but the meaning of "pity" in "Xiang Yan is a general of Chu, has made great contributions, loves soldiers like life, and Chu people cherish it" is more suitable for literal meaning.

A collection of monosyllabic words with different meanings in ancient and modern times

I went to give a speech (right talk), but (just) praised (passed the last comment) Zeng (paid back) thanked (apologized) for borrowing (even assuming that the order would not be cut) to control (open) evil (how) to appoint a Committee to collect (levy) husbands.

Collection of ancient and modern disyllabic words with different meanings

Desperate traffic, regardless of the future (the road ahead), so (-way-reason) accountants (meeting and discussing) often manage (planning and managing) relatives (today's meaning: families with their own families or their members, ancient meaning: parents, brothers, flesh and blood) Antarctic (arriving from somewhere in the south) empty (rushing to the sky) despicable (humble) Sacrifice so (preposition used with pronoun yes) That (there are five willows near the house, because I don't think there are numbers) can be geometric (how much) next year.

(2) Flexible use of parts of speech. In classical Chinese, in a specific language environment, some notional words temporarily change the meaning and function of their original parts of speech and are used as another kind of words. This phenomenon is called flexible use of parts of speech. The flexible use of parts of speech mainly includes the following situations:

① Nouns are used flexibly as verbs. For example, the word "domain" in "domain people don't take the frontier" means restriction. A wolf cave, where a woman who makes a hole caresses and nurtures the baby, is named a man who plays drums, puts it in the belly of a fish and catches the wolf with a net. He dared not go forward and wanted to buy pommel horses for the city.

② Nouns as adverbials. For example, the "dustpan" in "The Dustpan Transportation at the End of Bohai Sea" refers to the dustpan (filled with earth and stone), indicating the means of transportation.

One of the dogs sat in front of him, barking like a dog, saying that Confucius had traveled eastward, that the silk script of Dan script was connected to Wuxia in the north, and that Xiaoxiang in Antarctica was working in Longmu personally.

③ Adjectives can be used flexibly as nouns. For example, the "kindness" in "This is Kindness" refers to people who are kind and sincere.

④ Adjectives can be used flexibly as verbs. For example, the words "pro" and "far" in "pro-sages and ministers, far villains" mean closeness and alienation. People who are good at ventriloquism in Beijing are good at carrying forward their ambitions.

⑤ Verbs are used flexibly as nouns. For example, the words "out" and "in" out mean what is produced and what is obtained. If Meng Bo is afraid of horse racing, he will pounce on the bone butcher.

⑥ conative usage. Some nouns and adjectives have objects, meaning "take" ... as ... "and" think ... is ". ...

A. the meaning of a noun, what is the subjective object? Example: Father makes profits for himself. Agree: It used to be a noun, but now it is a conative verb, which can be translated as "think it is beneficial"

B. the meaning of adjectives subjectively thinks that the object has certain characteristics. I'm not ashamed to ask ― it's a shame. All the other mountains are dwarfed under the sky. It is not surprising that it is considered too small. I think it's strange.

7 causative usage A. Verbs are widely used, so I want to die, and I am angry and angry, so patience once benefited me.

B. the use of adjectives is hard for the brain and hard for the bones and muscles-fatigue.

(3) This word is ambiguous. The vast majority of ancient Chinese is a word, so polysemy is mainly polysemy. The so-called "polysemy" means that it has both original meaning and extended meaning, figurative meaning and so on. To understand polysemy, it is necessary to understand the various meanings of learning them in ancient Chinese and distinguish and determine their meanings in specific contexts.

Collection of content words in classical Chinese commonly used in junior high school

An (1) adjective, stable and comfortable, you know that you are born in sorrow and die in happiness. (2) adjectives, slow and steady, such as: the wind and rain do not move like a mountain. (3) What about interrogative pronouns?

For example, there are thousands of buildings in Ande. (4) Verbs provide food and clothing. If you dare to be an expert, you will be divided.

Take the verb (1) and hold it, for example, holding our cup to talk. Sang Ma put the wine in the wind. (2) Adjective, white, for example, the white sand embankment under the shade of Populus davidiana, which is pitifully white.

The verb "Bi (1)" is next to us, and heaven is still our neighbor (2). The verb "bi" is compared to Guan Zhong and Le Yi (3). Cao Cao is compared to Yuan Shao.

Soldiers (1) Soldiers' armies, such as Khan's bigger soldiers (2) Weapons, weapons and weapons, weapons and leather are not sharp.

Pool (1) noun, ancient moat, such as: the city is not high, the pool is not deep, ② noun Chi Mo Pool.

Verb (1), appearing and revealing, such as: I go to people when the sky begins to rise; (2) verbs go out and come out, such as: I'm not coming back; (3) verbs come out, such as: I drink and eat; (4) moving.

Words came into being, such as: Jiangshan produces talents.

Chu (chù)( 1) Noun Place Several early risers compete for warm trees (2) Noun Time Time can finally send my emissary.

③ Verb ch ǔ Stay away from Jianghu.

Subordinate (1) nouns, the level cannot be counted. (2) Verbs, it is very important to arrange time, Bobby Chen and Guangwu.

(3) Verb, stationed and stayed, which made Wu stay next to a temple parked at the foot of Beibao Mountain.

Follow the verb (1), follow, and follow the verb (2) that chooses its goodness. Surrender means pretending to be childe Fu Su and Xiang Yan.

(3) adjectives, not long ago, you will be with people from the south (4) adjectives, calm.

The verb Tao (1) is not humanitarian for outsiders; (2) The noun Tao is ancient and the west wind is thin and the horse is thin; (3) The noun Defang has no way to punish Qin; (4) The noun rules are correct.

Consult the good way (5), the term knowledge is to increase the crown and benefit the sages (6), and the moral journey is also the world's public.

The verb "de (1)" comes out as a boat, and the wolf bone stops, and the wolf still arrives from the verb (2).

(3) Verb, can, can read all kinds of books for other reasons (4) Thank the verb "Germany" for knowing the poor and helping the poor?

Make a (1) noun, making it miserable. (2) Verbs turn white and go to Jiangling at dusk. (3) Verbs smell wild but fragrant. (4) Verbs appear around.

Defend Yuyang

Negative (1) verbs, people who bear the negative sing on the road (2) Verb dependence, attachment to negative potential, and competition with each other.

Feel (1) the verb touched the emperor and felt his sincerity (2) the verb was full of sadness, and all the people who felt extremely sad left.

(3) The verb regrets the place where the petals flow like tears. I am grateful that the lonely birds sang their grief.

View (1) noun landscape This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. (2) verb, watch when I sit here and watch a fisherman throw, I just feel like a fish. (3) Verb readers are too poor to read books.

These are all examples. Learn to tidy up when reviewing.

Three function words in classical Chinese

Function words in classical Chinese refer to those words in classical Chinese that have no clear real meaning but focus on grammatical meaning. Its basic function is to help content words form sentences and express certain meanings.

At this stage, it is required to be familiar with the basic usage of 13 classical Chinese function words "knowing, meaning, two, qi, Yu, zhe, nai, fu, qi, ran, Gai, Ze and Yan". Among them, we should emphasize "knowledge, meaning, anger, redundancy"

Point to the master. When learning and mastering the function words in classical Chinese, we should first find out what components they play in the sentence according to their positions in the sentence, and then determine them according to the specific language environment and the relationship between words.

Part of speech, distinguish its meaning.

(1) Pronouns refer to people, things and things that appear in front. Fishermen's wishes are very different, and your majesty personally believes them.

(2) The auxiliary word A is used between the subject and the predicate, which does not mean that two wolves go hand in hand.

The auxiliary word "de" in B structure forgets the distance of the road, but it is a big prison, although it cannot be observed.

(3) The translation of plural pronouns into "this and that" cannot damage the mound of the chief father.

(4) When the verb is translated into "Yao", the lack of help is the most helpful.

(5) Syllable auxiliary words have no practical significance, so it is unnecessary to translate grief for a long time.

(6) Kong Ziyun's early sign was "What's the matter?" Who gave the lotus love?

At (1), the time and place related to the action are introduced. A is a dog sitting in front of B and arriving in the south of Henan.

Every time you borrow it from the library.

(2) The objects involved in the introduction action can be translated into "Xiang", "Give" and "Right" to tell the emperor.

B will be demoted to a great position, so people are also C. What's the use of ten thousand minutes for me?

(3) To introduce the object of comparison, you don't have to translate what you want more than the living, so you don't want it.

Use (1) to explain the tools and conditions used in the action, which can be translated as "Shit, split the wolf's head with a knife".

(2) The object of introducing behavior and action can be translated as "putting fear into slaughter" and throwing a bone to persuade ministers to do things in this world.

Preposition (3) introduces the reasons of behavior and action, which can be translated as "because" and "because" are unhappy with things, not sad for themselves.

(4) The starting time of the introduction action can be translated as "from"

(5) Introduce the basis of behavior and action, which can be translated as "according to" small and large prisons. Although you can't observe it, you must be affectionate.

The conjunction (1) indicates the purpose, which can be translated as "coming", "using" and "making", meaning to dig a tunnel to attack the future, and the family is poor and unable to write a book to see the wisdom of the river, so as to show your majesty's understanding.

I was invited to record the repair work in writing.

(2) The list of reasons can be translated into "because" and "because" Fu Su admonishes the reasons with several figures.

(3) the result of the table can be translated as "so this" is a meaningless metaphor, so the road of loyalty and forgiveness can also hurt the understanding of the former emperor.

(4) Table connection can be translated into "er", or it can be returned without being translated into handwritten notes.

The modal particle "Yan" (1) is used at the end of a sentence, indicating a straightforward tone, which is equivalent to "you" and "le". Although I am dead, I can watch it from a distance with my son, but I can't play with it.

conflict

(2) Used at the end of a sentence to express an interrogative tone, which is equivalent to "what" for 10,000 minutes? What happened?

Part-time words are equivalent to "Yu Zhi", in which pronouns are prepositions and can be translated as "here" and "from here". If you don't return to this desperate situation, you will be unpredictable and afraid.

The pronoun (1) takes the object after the verb, which is equivalent to "zhi" and can be translated into equivalent words.

(2) interrogative pronouns "where" and "how" and how to place stones and stones.

For (1) introduces objects related to behaviors and actions, which can be translated into "for", "for" and so on. And thinking about defending the country. This man teaches by example, but he is not good enough to sing for the world.

Outsiders are humanitarian.

Preposition (2) introduces the reason or purpose of the action, which can be translated as "for" and "because".

May the pommel horse be the city, the beauty in the palace and the whole city be the satrap.

(3) Introduce the initiative of action, and translate it into "Bei", and the foot soldiers are mostly users.

The conjunction wèi indicates causality, because how can it be said so clearly? Because fresh water comes from springs.

What is a teacher's life like?

Suo (1) is a special pronoun, which can not be used as a sentence component alone, but can only be combined with other words as a sentence component. The word "suo" often precedes the verb, which forms a short word "suo".

Language, the word refers to the people, things and things dominated by the verbs behind it. These phrases are nominal and are usually used as subject, object, predicate and attribute in sentences.

Ask a woman what she thinks-all she thinks and remembers is words, that is, people, things and things she thinks, and take it as the object.

Ask where you haven't been, answer where you haven't been, that is, where you have been, and be the object.

(2) "So", which is a phrase of "suo" developed slowly later, and "Yi" is a preposition, which means that the method, means or truth are pro-holy, far from being a villain, and this kind of ancestors flourished.

Therefore, perseverance benefits what it cannot do.

The (1) knowledge pronoun is often used to refer to the above-mentioned situation, with the meaning of "so", often serving as a predicate, making a sentence alone, and occasionally making an adverbial. Although the first king.

(2) Suffixes evolved from pronouns are often attached to verbs, adverbs, onomatopoeias and adjectives. Together, they act as predicates or adverbials, simulating sounds or describing things, actions and states.

, can be translated as "the appearance of", or not.

After dozens of steps, suddenly the land is flat and spacious, and the houses are neat and mixed.

(3) Conjunction indicates a turning point, which can be translated as "but" and "but". However, the ministers of the Guards persisted.

(4) Conjunctions are equivalent to "then" and "then" in modern Chinese, indicating that people can continue and then change.

But the equivalent of "in this case, then" in modern Chinese leads to the northern martial arts and the Antarctic Xiaoxiang.

But the equivalent of modern Chinese saying "although it is like this, but" means a turning point, but it is not a winner, and the weather is not as good as the location.

Its (1) pronoun A is usually used as the third person pronoun, which can represent people, things and things. Sometimes you make an attribute in a sentence. Dai can be translated as "his" and "hers"; Acting for the sake of things.

It can be translated as "it's" for fear that it will be embarrassing.

When the enemy came out, he got his boat, his southwest peak, his forest and valley in You Mei.

B If "qi" is followed by a pronoun, then "qi" as an attribute is translated as "one of them". A dog is sitting in the front.

C special: the first personal pronoun crouches on it, making it flush with the stage.

(2) What is the point?

The conjunction A of Nai (1) indicates that the two events are in a reasonable sequence, and the time is one after the other, which can be translated as "it turned out to be like this in the end". Chen Sheng and said that Nai Nai was a catnap wolf before Bunaiwu.

B represents the conditional relationship, the condition put forward in the previous sentence, and the result of this condition is explained in the latter sentence.

Fu Sheng and Chen Shou died, but according to Chen Zheng's understanding of man and harmony, everything was abandoned and the Yueyang Tower was rebuilt.

(2) Adverb A indicates the confirmation of things or things. It can be translated into "yes", "true" and "original". In the second year, I heard that there were fewer children, so it was not established. The man who built it was his son Fu Suyi.

I didn't expect that. It can be translated as "unexpected"

I don't know if there are any Han people, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Fu (1) indicates that the pronoun "fú" means far, which is equivalent to "bi" and can be translated as "na" and "na" to show the victory of Baling.

(2) The modal particle A is used to sigh at the end of the sentence, which is equivalent to the "ah" when the deceased is a husband, and B is used at the beginning of the sentence to indicate that it will be discussed and to lead to discussion. War, courage

Ye Fu attacked it in the ring.

(1) table can be translated into "then" and "just" to get to know and find a new room.

(2) The table turning point can be translated as "but" and "but". People don't know and don't fight for it.

(3) The juxtaposition of tables can be translated into "harmony", or people who don't translate black and white chapters are beautiful and profound, which is also a post.

(4) Table modification can be translated into "ground" or not.

There are too many other contents. I'll give you a website. Take your time.

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