An old Chinese doctor from China saw an acupuncture bronze man while attending the Japan Medical Expo. According to the description of Japanese acupuncture bronze figures by old Chinese medicine practitioners, it was introduced from China. So, is it possible that this acupuncture bronze man was an acupuncture bronze man in the Song Dynasty? Because of the frequent wars in China at that time, the discovery of old Chinese medicine did not attract people's attention.

More than 30 years later, a Chinese medicine expert named Chen Cunren saw this acupuncture bronze man again in Tokyo Museum, Japan, and made a detailed textual research on this acupuncture bronze man.

In his investigation article, Chen Cunren thinks that the acupuncture bronze man in Japan is Song Tiansheng's acupuncture bronze man. As for how the acupuncture bronze man was introduced to Japan, Chen Cunren did not explain. Chen Cunren's article caused a great sensation in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. It seems that the acupuncture bronze man who has been lost for nearly a thousand years reappears in front of the world, and he can see with his own eyes that this national treasure of the Song Dynasty has become the dream of many medical experts. 1979 textual research on acupuncture bronze figures in Tokyo museum

A delegation from Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine went to Japan to inspect acupuncture medicine. There is also a more important purpose of their trip, which is to study the acupuncture bronze man in Tokyo Museum.

When the experts first saw this acupuncture bronze man, they felt different from the acupuncture bronze man in China. From the appearance, this bronze statue of acupuncture is made of bronze, and its height is 1.62 meters. The appearance of the bronze statue is connected by meridians painted with black paint, and acupuncture points are distributed on the meridians, and each acupuncture point is represented by a small hole drilled.

According to the staff of the Tokyo Museum, the bronze man had wooden viscera in his body, but it was destroyed because of years of disrepair. So are these characteristics the same as those of acupuncture bronze figures in Song Dynasty?

During the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhou Mi described in detail the physical characteristics of the bronze statue of acupuncture in Song Tiansheng in his book Qi Dong Yu Ye. Dong Qiyu Ye is also by far the most detailed book describing Song Tiansheng's acupuncture on bronze men.

In the book Dong Qiye's Talk, it is written as follows: Bronze men are all made of pure copper, and their internal organs are indispensable. This passage means that the acupuncture bronze man is made of bronze, and the bronze man has internal organs.

According to research, many dynasties in ancient China have been casting different bronze statues of acupuncture since Song Tiansheng. However, the bronze man is free to open in design, and only the Tiansheng acupuncture bronze man in the Song Dynasty has internal organs.

Before casting two bronze statues of acupuncture, Wang had written a book "Drawing Classics on Bronze Statues". The book records in detail 354 acupoints of the human body and their positions. Acupuncture Atlas is also the manual of Song Tiansheng's Copper Man.

When experts compared the acupoints in the Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion with the Japanese book Acupuncture and Moxibustion Copper Man, they found that all 354 acupoints in the book could correspond. Moreover, the acupoint selection methods recorded in the book are mostly the same as those found in Acupuncture and Moxibustion Copper Man.

Some experts have suggested that it can be judged that the acupuncture bronze man in Tokyo Museum is Song Tiansheng's acupuncture bronze man. If the expert's judgment is correct, who are these two acupuncture bronze men and how did they stay in Japan? Based on years of research, Ma Jixing, a famous expert in medical history, speculated that the first bronze statue of acupuncture was taken away by Jin Jun after Jin Jun attacked Tokyo in AD 1 126. Later, due to the constant war, it was transported to North Korea in the16th century. Decades later, the bronze statue of acupuncture was discovered by the Japanese and plundered to Japan.

At the same time, the Japanese medical community also expressed similar views. They believe that this acupuncture bronze man was originally introduced to North Korea from China.

/kloc-At the end of 0/6th century, Toyotomi Hideyoshi of Japan brought the acupuncture bronze man back to Japan.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi was the supreme ruler of Japan at the end of16th century, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified Japan at 1590.

Two years later, Toyotomi Hideyoshi launched a war of aggression against Korea. The acupuncture bronze man was probably brought back to Japan at that time.

At first, the Japanese medical community had been cautiously speculating about the origin of the bronze statue of acupuncture, but at that time, the medical community in China had clearly inferred that the bronze statue of acupuncture in the Tokyo Museum was the bronze statue of Song Tiansheng. The Japanese medical community then readily accepted this view.

However, just when people were delighted to find Song Tiansheng's acupuncture bronze man, some experts found some strange phenomena in the process of further textual research. Experts first want to know the external characteristics of this acupuncture bronze man.

In ancient China, when figurines were made, most of them were deified, especially with the introduction of Buddhism. Most figurines are concentrated on Buddha statues.

In the Song Dynasty, the art of sculpture changed and professional sculptors appeared. Their works of art have a high degree of realistic skills, and their works of art are full of natural gestures, with few musculoskeletal sculptures.

Isn't it Song Tiansheng's acupuncture bronze man?

The bronze statue of Tokyo Museum is naked, which is different from the bronze statue of acupuncture painted by acupuncture classics.

In Illustration of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the acupuncture bronze figure is naked in the upper part and clothed in the lower part. Then why didn't Wang design the bronze statue of acupuncture as a nude model? Experts speculate that Wang may have considered China's traditional ethics when designing the bronze statue. If the naked bronze statue is placed in an ancient building, it will be detrimental to etiquette and elegance, and the emperor will often look at the bronze statue of acupuncture, so letting the bronze statue wear clothes means being serious and avoiding rudeness.

Most importantly, the Japanese acupuncture bronze man is quite different from Zhou Mi's description in Qi Dong Yu Ye.

According to Dong Qiyu Ye, the name of the hole on the bronze man of Tiansheng Acupuncture was wrongly engraved, that is, the name of the hole was engraved on the bronze man and then painted (by words), while the name of the hole on the bronze man of Tokyo Museum was written with paint.

Since Song Tiansheng's bronze statue of acupuncture was cast, various bronze models of acupuncture have been cast in various dynasties and maps have been drawn. From these pictures, we can find that the shapes of bronze figures are mostly in the posture of five fingers extending horizontally.

However, the left hand posture of the bronze man in the Japanese museum is that the palm is backward, and the thumb and middle finger are buckled into a ring.

It mainly refers to the saying that the middle finger is the same size in traditional Chinese medicine, but the middle finger is the same size, which was first put forward by Xu Feng in Ming Dynasty.

So how did the king of the Song Dynasty choose the Ming Dynasty view hundreds of years later when casting the bronze statue of acupuncture? Obviously, the acupuncture bronze man in the Japanese museum is not Song Tiansheng's acupuncture bronze man.

Why are the characteristics of Japanese acupuncture bronze figures so different from those recorded in Qi Dong, Yu Ye?

Some experts in medical history have put forward different opinions. They think the History of Dong Qiye is not a formal book, and its description is not very accurate. As for the extra 1 1 acupoints, they think they are probably added by later generations. They firmly believe that this Japanese acupuncture bronze man is the Song Dynasty acupuncture bronze man who has been lost for thousands of years.

After Song Tiansheng's acupuncture bronze man was officially preserved in Japan, it may be that this fact is emotionally unacceptable to the domestic medical community. Therefore, since the 1970s, there have been projects of "imitating Song Tiansheng's acupuncture bronze man" in China, and these projects have been completed on the basis of "Japanese bronze man is Song Tiansheng's acupuncture bronze man". When people indulged in imitating the Song Dynasty, the appearance of an acupuncture bronze man caused an uproar in the field of medical history.

This copper man is also called Guangxu copper man, and Guangxu copper man is also called Chaoming orthodox copper man. So where did it come from? When Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, the Qingtai Hospital was also ransacked, and the bronze men of the Ming Dynasty were also robbed by Eight-Nation Alliance.

Chen Shouzhong, the physician of the Qing Dynasty, tried to get back the bronze man of the Ming Dynasty from Eight-Nation Alliance, but the bronze man of the Ming Dynasty was regarded as a strange thing by Eight-Nation Alliance and refused to return it. In order to make up for this loss, Qingtai Hospital recast a bronze statue in Guangxu thirty years, which was called Guangxu bronze statue. After the casting was completed, the bronze statue of Guangxu was placed in Taiyuan Bronze Hall.

Huang Longxiang of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine found a puzzling phenomenon when studying Guangxu bronze man, that is, the external characteristics of Guangxu bronze man are very different from those of acupuncture bronze man in Japan.

It is puzzling that the height of Guangxu bronze man is 2. 13 meters. If Guangxu bronze man was completely cast according to the orthodox bronze man of Ming Dynasty, the height of acupuncture bronze man in Tokyo Museum of Japan should be 2. 13 meters, instead of the current 1.62 meters. Why is the height difference between the two bronze statues of acupuncture so great?

In other words, at least one of the two acupuncturists is not an acupuncturist born in Song Dynasty. how much is it? This has also become the key to solving the puzzle.

According to historical records, Song Tiansheng cast a bronze statue of acupuncture and placed it in Renji Hall of Suoguo Temple.

Two scholars, Yu Ke and Wu of Beijing Institute of Cultural Relics, measured the height of the bronze statue of acupuncture according to the building height of Suoguo Temple in Song Dynasty and the unearthed stone tablet of Illustration of Acupuncture.

In acupuncture medicine in China, a person's height is 7 feet 9 inches. Wang referred to this height when casting the bronze statue of acupuncture, so how high is seven feet five inches?

The unit of measurement used in the Song Dynasty was the Song Taifu ruler. One foot is 30.72 cm now, so seven feet and five inches is 230.4 cm. It is obviously unrealistic for the bronze man to cast such a height.

It is difficult for medical students to try needles at such a height.

It is also difficult for ordinary people to understand the relevant knowledge of acupuncture at such a high level.

There are also seven feet and five inches in the medical history books of the Western Han Dynasty, so will Wang use the units of measurement of the Han Dynasty? 1968, when a PLA unit was working in Mancheng County, Hebei Province, it accidentally discovered an ancient tomb of the Western Han Dynasty, in which a ruler of the Western Han Dynasty was unearthed. According to archaeologists, its length unit is 23.5 centimeters. According to China ruler, seven feet five inches is equivalent to 176 cm now.

Obviously, Wang used the calculation method of China ruler to design the height of acupuncture bronze statue. Experts finally concluded that the height of Song Tiansheng's acupuncture bronze man should be between 173 and 176 cm.

After repeated research by experts, this Japanese acupuncture bronze man and Song Tiansheng are very different in appearance and height. So who cast the casting?

Huang Longxiang: "On the tombstone of a Japanese medical officer (Edo yiguang), the medical officer was specifically mentioned. His name is (Koji Yamazaki). He used to be a bronze man at the end of 18 th century 19 th century under the order of the Medical Museum, so he recorded this in his epitaph. Moreover, in order to make this bronze man, the medical officer also specially wrote a volume of 10. After the discovery of this historical data, Japanese scholars suggested that the acupuncture bronze man in the Tokyo Museum should not come from China, but should be a bronze man made by Japan itself. "

So in what year was Yamazaki Yoshiyama ordered to cast this acupuncture bronze man?

Huang Longxiang: As for the casting time, according to this historical data, they speculate that it should be during his reign, that is, 1792 to 1800.

The website of the National Museum in Tokyo, Japan, changed the caption of this bronze man to:18th century, Edo era.

Medical history experts have a big question when studying the bronze statue of Guangxu. Since the bronze statue of Ming Dynasty collected by Qingtai Hospital was taken away by Eight-Nation Alliance, how did the medical officials in Qing Dynasty copy the bronze statue when the original was not at the scene?

Huang Longxiang discovered that there was a bronze statue of Ming Dynasty in Qingtai Hospital at that time. After comparison, it shows that the bronze statue of Guangxu is exactly the same as the bronze statue. The bronze statue of Guangxu was made by Imperial Physician in Qing Dynasty according to this bronze statue collected by Imperial Physician.