Construction technology of sheep shed
First, the basic requirements of sheephouse construction 1. Selection of construction site of sheep house. The sheephouse should be built in a cool, sunny, dry and flat place. It is necessary to consider the water supply and forage transportation of the sheephouse in order to facilitate production. 2. The layout of the sheepfold should be reasonable. A complete sheepfold should include: sheepfold (warm shed), sheepfold (playground), feed room and straw shed. These should be properly matched, the layout is reasonable, and the size of the flock is appropriate. The average building area of a sheep should reach about 2 square meters. 3. Sheep shed (greenhouse). To build more rooms to meet the needs of sheep grouping, it should be warm, sunny and well ventilated. They should sit facing south, with a general height of about 2.5 meters. The windows should be located on the sunny side and above 1.5 meters from the ground. The roof should be provided with ventilation holes with switches. The door should be opened outward and wider to prevent accidents caused by crowded sheep. Generally, the width of a lamb shed door is 1.5m-2.0m, and the height is 2m. 4. Sports ground building. The front of the sheepfold should be connected with a sports field, and the area is generally 2-3 times that of the sheepfold. The ground is flat and dry, and the fence is complete and firm. The height of the fence is 1.5m- 1.7m, and hay feeding racks are set in the playground.
Second, common sheep shed buildings 1. Simple sheep shed. Sheep sheds are generally built in a single slope, with a front height of 2.0m-2.5m, a back height of 1.7m-2.0m and a depth of 4m-5m. The length can be determined by referring to the number of sheep accommodated, and other requirements are the same as those in the shed. Advantages: the cost is lower than that of the sheep shed, the structure is simple and the construction is easy. Disadvantages: poor warmth retention. 2. Semi-shed plastic greenhouse with playground. The building of the sheep shed is modeled after the simple sheep shed, but the difference is that the second half shed is a hard shed with a single slope, and the first half shed is a plastic arched membrane shed. Arches can be made of bamboo poles and steel bars. The sheephouse is determined according to the number of sheep, ensuring that the area of each sheep is above 1 square meter. Too small is not conducive to the growth of sheep, too much investment. The playground should be located in the south of the sheepfold, next to the sheepfold, with an area of 0.5 -2 times that of 65438+ sheepfold, equipped with drinking water and forage equipment, and it is best to set up a straw storage room next to the sheepfold. The layout of the sheephouse building is convenient, simple, economical and durable. If possible, it is best to visit other farmers first, learn from each other's strengths, and then go to construction.
Site selection and layout of sheep shed
(1) Abandon the site requirements
1. The sheephouse should be built in a place with high terrain, sunny south slope, good drainage and ventilation, and dry. Humid environment is unfavorable to the growth, reproduction and disease prevention of sheep, so it is forbidden to build houses in low-lying and waterlogged areas, mountain flood channels and winter tuyeres. The site should be far away from residential areas or other kinds of livestock and poultry farms.
2. Ensure the supply of grazing and forage. There should be enough four-season grassland and grassland in the pastoral areas in the north and the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry, and there can be rotational grazing in the south. No matter what kind of production system, there must be enough forage base or forage source.
Everyone should have enough clean water.
(2) The layout of the sheep house The layout of the sheep house should be considered in the sheep farm. Usually, the location of living areas such as offices and houses should be considered. It requires high terrain, good drainage and the ability to see other houses under the stage. The transportation is convenient, and there is a passage behind the anterior chamber. The wind is good, the living area should be arranged in the upwind direction, and the orientation of the house is conducive to lighting or shading. Meat sheep fattening farm mainly includes fattening sheep shed, sick sheep isolation shed, feed warehouse, feed processing workshop, veterinary room, manure storage tank and so on. , should be arranged reasonably to facilitate production and disease prevention.
The sheep built in the sheephouse have the biological characteristics of being fond of wandering, cold-resistant, moisture-proof and sultry. In most areas, grazing is the main way, and lambs are born in winter and spring. Under bad weather conditions, grazing and house feeding are combined.
(1) sheep shed construction
1. The building site is relatively high, ventilated and dry, sheltered from the wind and sunny, close to pasture, forage storage and clean water source, and should be built in the downwind of the sheep farm living area and downstream of natural water source.
2. The sheephouse should have enough area and height, and there should be enough sports ground when feeding mainly in the house. The area of the sheephouse is based on the principle of keeping the air fresh and dry, ensuring cold and warmth in winter and spring, and heatstroke prevention and cooling in summer. The height of the sheepfold is not less than 2.5 meters, the area of each sheep is 0.5-2 square meters, and the area of the sports ground is not less than 2 times that of the sheepfold.
3. The doors, windows, floors and ventilation facilities of the sheephouse should not only be conducive to keeping the house dry, keeping warm, preventing heatstroke, lighting and removing harmful gases, but also facilitate the feeding operation. When feeding in large groups, the width of the door is generally 2-3 meters, the area of the window is generally15 of the ground area, and the height of the lower edge from the ground is 1.5 meters. All or part of the walls of the sports ground should adopt ventilated flower walls. Where conditions permit, vents with adjusting devices can be installed on the roof of the house to avoid the invasion of thieves in winter and spring.
(2) Types of sheephouses
1. Rectangular sheep shed. In this kind of sheephouse, sheep spend the night in the open air, and only rest in the house in winter and spring and lambing period. Most of their drinking water and supplementary feeding are carried out in the sports ground. In areas where the breeding is mainly in captivity, there should be a fixed straw rack, feeding trough and drinking trough in the house, or it can be located on the sports ground. The layout of the house can be single column or double column. The playground area should be 3-5 times that of the house, with sunshade facilities.
This shed and the sheep shed are integrated. This kind of sheephouse is suitable for warm areas in winter and spring. Using the wall on one side of the original sheep shed, a sheep shed with walls on three sides and an open front was built.
3. The sheepshed with architectural style. Its characteristic is that when the climate is hot and humid in summer and autumn, sheep can live upstairs; In the cold season of winter and spring, the downstairs can be used as a sheepfold, and the upstairs can store hay.
4. Agricultural film warm shed sheep shed. It is characterized in that the indoor temperature of the house at night is improved by using the heat storage during the day and the heat production of the sheep itself.
Three kinds of common equipment
(1) Feeding trough and forage rack, drinking trough and forage rack are mainly used for feeding forage, feed or silage, and it is required to protect forage from pollution and reduce waste. There are four types: movable, suspended, fixed and combined. The drinking water tank can be made of iron or cement, which is convenient for adding water and cleaning.
(2) Set up a ewe fence to separate ewes from thin sheep. Usually, two grid plates are connected by hinges. Spread the movable wooden fence at right angles in the corner of the sheepfold and fix it on the wall of the sheepfold to form a circle of 1.2m? 1.5m maternal and infant room is used by 1 ewe and its lambs alone. The number of ewe laps is generally 10- 15% of the number of ewes.
(3) Lamb supplementary feeding fence A number of fences, grating plates or net fences are enclosed against the wall in the sheep shed or supplementary feeding yard to form a fence with sufficient area. There are gates between the fences where big sheep are not allowed to enter and lambs can freely enter and exit, and a trough is set inside.
(4) Large and medium-sized mutton sheep farms can move grouping fences to improve the efficiency of sheep identification, grouping, immunization, medicated bath and deworming. It is usually necessary to have a relatively strong but movable grouping fence. Grouping fences can be composed of fences, and the channel width is slightly wider than that of sheep. Sheep can only go forward in a single line in the passage, and can't turn back.
(5) A fence or barbed wire should be built outside the sheepfold to store hay for supplementary feeding or standby.
(VI) Scale and Sheep Cage In order to weigh sheep regularly and master the feeding effect, a small scale should be set up in the mutton sheep farm, and a rectangular sheep cage made of wood or steel plate should be installed on the scale. Sheep cages are generally 1.4m long, 0.6m wide and about 1.0m high, with movable doors at both ends for sheep to enter and leave.
(7) Medicinal Bath In order to prevent and treat parasitic diseases such as scabies, sheep should be given medicinal baths regularly every year. The commonly used medicated bath is rectangular, generally made of cement, with a depth of not less than 1.0m, a length of about 10m, a bottom width of 30-60cm and an upper width of 60- 10cm. One end of the medicinal bath entrance is a steep slope; One end of the outlet is a step and is provided with an oil dripping platform.
(8) Silage cellar is used as a silage tower to make silage.