A □ survey items
The upstart in the niche milk market.
Milk can provide comprehensive nutrition for human beings. Now, besides milk, goat's milk, donkey's milk, camel milk, buffalo milk ... are pouring into the market, and all kinds of selling points are also very attractive to consumers.
1 donkey milk
Donkey milk is not 99% close to human milk.
The phrase "dragon meat in the sky, donkey meat underground" has long been used to describe donkey meat. This year, a report about "donkey milk powder is about 4000 yuan per kilogram" pushed donkey milk to people's eyes. In fact, in addition to donkey milk powder, there are also liquid donkey milk on the market. The reporter logged on Taobao website and found that many businesses are selling donkey milk. A Taobao merchant flaunts its liquid donkey milk as a natural green organic food, with a price of 350ml per bottle in 60 yuan. Another shopkeeper said that the donkey milk he sells is produced on his own farm, and the donkey mother only eats corn, peanuts, bean dregs and carrots. The price of a bottle of 500ml is 85 yuan.
Many merchants claim that donkey milk is "the most precious milk in human milk" and "its nutritional composition ratio is close to 99% of human milk". Is the nutritional value of donkey milk really that good?
Ruan, an expert from the Food and Nutrition Information Exchange Center, said that if only the main ingredients are compared, donkey milk is indeed closer to breast milk in terms of protein content, minerals and lactose content, but the fat content is very low. Therefore, from the analysis of main nutritional components, donkey milk is not 99% close to human milk. Donkey milk is also not suitable for feeding babies.
However, some people may say, is that donkey milk more suitable for adults to drink? First of all, it is necessary to know what nutrients adults need to get when drinking milk. Adults drink milk mainly to get two kinds of nutrition, one is calcium and the other is protein. Milk is rich in calcium, which is very beneficial to absorption. A cup of 250 ml milk can meet one-third of people's daily calcium needs. High-quality protein in milk also plays an important role in human health. Compared with milk, donkey milk contains less calcium and protein, and protein contains only half as much calcium as milk, and only about 80% of milk. So donkey milk is not necessarily a better choice for adults.
Others believe that there is a nutrient in milk that is not as high as donkey milk, and that is lactose content. In this regard, Ruan said, don't think how good this is. Many people should have had this experience: soon after drinking milk, they will have abdominal distension or even diarrhea, which is actually lactose intolerance. The reason is the lack of lactase in the body. Lactose eaten in the stomach cannot be decomposed in the small intestine, but it is decomposed by bacteria after entering the large intestine. Eating too much lactose will eventually lead to bloating and diarrhea. The proportion of lactose intolerance in Asians is quite high. The lactose in donkey milk is nearly 50% higher than that in milk. If you are lactose intolerant and drink milk to have loose bowels, don't even think about drinking donkey milk.
There is no scientific basis for the efficacy of weight loss treatment.
Others claim that donkey milk "strengthens the body and bones", reduces weight, fights cancer, prolongs life, and so on. Some people even treat diseases by drinking donkey milk. "If someone is sick, he will take the donkey to someone's house and drink it for two or three months on the spot." Does donkey milk really have such a magical effect? Ruan said, in fact, donkey milk is just a different kind of milk, and drinking donkey milk is nothing more than a taste and addiction.
Experts believe that donkey milk will not contain more calcium than milk, and its function of supplementing calcium and strengthening bones will not be better; It is believed that the weight loss of donkey milk is mainly due to the low fat content in donkey milk. The fat content of whole milk is generally around 3-3.5g/ 100ml, and the fat content of some fragrant whole milk can reach 4g/ 100ml, while the fat content of donkey milk is less than a quarter of that of whole milk. If you drink 500ml of whole milk every day, there will be about 20g of fat, and the heat generated by this part of fat alone is 180kcal. For an average adult who consumes about 2000 kilocalories a day, the daily fat intake will be limited to about 67g (30% of energy). If you switch to donkey milk, you can still reduce a lot of fat intake, which is also helpful for losing weight and controlling energy intake. However, the key to losing weight is to control the total energy intake every day. If the total energy of other foods is already high, it is not reliable to lose weight by donkey milk.
There is even a saying that "drinking donkey milk can fight cancer and prolong life", but there is not enough evidence for this statement at present. Drinking donkey milk to treat diseases is even more unfounded. Donkey milk is just ordinary animal milk and can't be used as a medicine to treat diseases. Others say that compared with milk, goat's milk and camel milk, donkey's milk is sterile and can be drunk directly. In fact, this is a complete misunderstanding. The raw milk of all animals may have the risk of microorganisms such as Salmonella and Campylobacter, so it is not suitable for direct drinking.
Ruan said that overall, donkey milk has no distinctive nutritional value compared with milk and human milk, and there is not enough scientific evidence to claim that it can lose weight, resist cancer and resist aging, so it is even more unreliable to use it to treat diseases. As for the donkey milk powder of 4000 yuan a catty mentioned in some reports, it is more just a commercial marketing means. Of course, this does not mean that donkey milk can't be drunk. Donkey milk is just a different kind of animal milk. If it is for special nutrition and special efficacy, it is wrong.
2 goat milk
Quietly enter mass consumption
"I'm allergic to milk. I heard that this is caused by casein in milk, and there is less protein in goat milk, so I have developed the habit of drinking goat milk. " Mr. Xiao said that he would buy two boxes of goat milk every time he went to the supermarket. "There are not many varieties of goat milk now, and they are all normal temperature milk."
The reporter saw in many supermarkets that goat milk occupies a corner of dairy products, mainly at room temperature. There are pure goat milk, goat milk and black goat milk, but there is no goat milk preserved at low temperature. Sales staff said that although the price of goat milk is higher than that of milk, the sales volume of goat milk has increased steadily in the past two years, and most customers are the elderly and children. In a maiden voyage supermarket near the South Third Ring Road, the reporter compared the price difference between goat milk and milk. The price of a domestic brand 220ml Tetra Pak packaged pure goat milk is 5.5 yuan, while the prices of pure milk with the same packaging and capacity of Yili, Mengniu, Sanyuan and other brands range from 2 yuan to 2.5 yuan. The price of 250ml boxed pure goat milk is 7 yuan, while the price of pure milk with the same packaging and capacity is around 3.5 yuan.
On the Internet, goat milk also sells well. Store 1 sells the first batch of goat milk. Pure goat milk of a domestic brand, packed in plastic bags, 200ml× 14 bags. The price is 49 yuan, and the average price of a bag is about 3.5 yuan, which is almost the cheapest kind of goat milk. For the same brand, the price of high-end black goat's milk has turned several times, and the price of a single box of 250ml items is 23.6 yuan.
The nutritional value is not higher than milk.
In recent years, the number of people ordering goat milk in cities has gradually increased. Merchants often promote that goat milk products have higher nutritional value than milk. So, can goat milk replace milk in daily consumption?
Fan Zhihong, an associate professor at the College of Food Science of China Agricultural University, said that milk is one of the five common allergens in human beings, especially infants under two years old in China. If you are sure that you are intolerant of milk, but not allergic to goat milk, you can choose goat milk as a substitute.
Experts said that in terms of nutritional value, the nutritional value of cattle and goat milk is different, but it is not obvious. There is little difference between cow milk powder and goat milk powder in the nutrient composition table. In addition, there are some differences in the nutritional components of goat milk in different sheep breeds, which can not be generalized, but should be evaluated in detail according to the measured data.
At present, the international evaluation is that the nutritional value of goat milk is not higher than that of milk. As far as infants and young children are concerned, if there is no breast milk and there is milk allergy, they can only give infant milk powder based on goat milk. You can't drink goat milk directly before you are one year old. After one year old, you can drink goat's milk like milk and yogurt. Some people like the taste of goat milk, or feel that it is not as easy to bloat as drinking milk, so it is no problem to buy goat milk or goat milk powder.
Generally speaking, milk and goat's milk have their own advantages. Consumers can choose according to their acceptance. Don't buy it because they pursue the concept of goat milk, and carefully distinguish the nutritional components marked on the product packaging.
Be careful when eating raw milk.
Fan Zhihong said that it is normal for goat milk to have low yield and high price. It is worth noting that the elderly should pay special attention to the so-called health care products promoted collectively, because their prices are often ridiculously high and out of proportion to their nutritional value.
Influenced by the Internet and WeChat circle of friends, some parents buy raw goat milk directly sold by sheep farmers through private purchase. What should I do if I give it to my child?
Experts remind that raw goat milk must be fully sterilized and boiled to kill most bacteria. However, don't cook for too long, otherwise it will form white scale and lose calcium, protein and vitamins. Another risk is that the milk produced by individual dairy farmers is not regulated. If the milk produced is contaminated by brucellosis, it may infect people and cause brucellosis. Brucella is heat-resistant, and it can't be killed after cooking for a few minutes.
Buffalo milk, camel milk milk, etc.
The "price difference" of milk is far less than the price difference.
Popular science writer Yun wrote that according to the standard of "close to human milk", the milk of all kinds of animals is unqualified. Milk from all kinds of animals is the most suitable food for that kind of animal's cubs. But what's best for that animal doesn't mean it's suitable for human beings. In all kinds of marketing, "nutritional value is twice that of milk" and "so-and-so ingredient is ××% higher than milk" have become the most commonly used advertising words. In fact, "nutritional value" and "nutritional ingredients" are very vague words.
Some people hope to get some minerals and vitamins through milk. The milk produced by different animals, even the milk produced by the same animal under different feeding conditions, may vary greatly. This milk contains more of this ingredient, and that milk contains more of that ingredient. Different people lack different kinds, so it is more difficult to compare which kind of milk is "better". There are some ingredients that people can often get enough nutrition from other foods, so the content of milk is not so critical. For example, the selenium and vitamin C that some minority milk relishes in marketing are several times that of milk, and people who eat normally are not easy to lack them.
Experts say that milk, goat's milk, donkey's milk, camel milk and buffalo's milk are all good foods, which can provide high-quality protein for human body and are convenient ways to absorb calcium. Their ingredients are different, but milk is only a part of the diet after all, and what really plays a role in human health is the overall diet of people. Therefore, it is difficult to simply compare the effects of these differences on human health. Merchants hype a certain kind of milk "more nutritious", or even a certain kind of milk "best", just like hype "high-end milk", just out of context.
As consumers, we should not only pay attention to the concentration of nutrients in food, but also pay attention to their ratio to the price.
B □ service supplies
Drink more milk scientifically.
Whether it is milk, goat's milk or donkey's milk, there are still many tricks to be mastered to ensure scientific and safe consumption in the process of diet.
1. How to identify spoiled milk?
Affected by external conditions such as storage time, conditions and packaging, many people have encountered the problem of milk deterioration. How to identify before drinking? Wang Dingmian, a well-known dairy expert, teaches you five tricks to find out the spoiled milk.
At first glance: normal milk is milky white or light yellow, and it will go bad if there is sediment or abnormal color. Do not drink if the package is damaged or abnormal.
The second smell: milk contains unique frankincense. If there is rancidity or other unpleasant smell, it is polluted and deteriorated.
Three flavors: you should taste the milk first.
Judging from its taste, normal milk tastes slightly sweet. If the milk goes bad, it will look sour and bitter.
4. Heating: Deteriorated milk is the kind of milk that appears precipitation or tofu-like solidification after heating. The identification method of heating is suitable for fresh milk, high calcium milk and flavored milk drinks, while milk-containing drinks are not suitable for heating.
Five checks: aseptic milk stored at room temperature may also have poor packaging, mainly manifested as swelling or acid package (the contents become tofu-like or water residue separation). Therefore, before drinking, check to see if there is swelling and acid package.
2. What problems should I pay attention to when purchasing all kinds of milk?
First of all, when choosing varieties, it depends on whether the products are produced by regular manufacturers, and choose fresh varieties with short shelf life and low temperature disinfection.
Secondly, for some people who artificially add too many additives such as essence and thickener, it is generally not appropriate to drink fragrant animal milk and milk-containing drinks with too high sugar content.
In addition, in the cold winter, for some consumers who are afraid of drinking cold drinks, milk can be heated in warm water at 30℃-35℃ for a short time before drinking; For infants under two years old, on the premise of adhering to breast milk, we should also choose the corresponding nutritional formula suitable for this age group.
3. How to remove the odor of goat milk?
Compared with milk, there are fewer people who drink goat's milk, and many people mainly can't get used to its taste.
Goat milk is regarded as an important milk source in many countries. Due to the small production scale and underdeveloped production technology in China, goat milk is expensive and the supply is limited. At present, there is a small amount of goat milk powder on the market, as well as various snacks such as goat milk slices and feta cheese.
Many people stay away from the smell of goat milk. In fact, as long as you put a few almonds or a small bag of jasmine tea when boiling, and remove the almonds or tea residue after boiling, you can basically remove the odor.
4. Do you mainly drink all kinds of milk at breakfast and in the evening?
Wang Dingmian said that some enterprises have introduced breakfast milk, evening milk and bedtime milk, which does not mean that milk can only be drunk at breakfast and evening. In fact, drinking milk is all-weather and you can drink it at any time.