Brief introduction of Wang Xizhi's life;
Wang Xizhi (303-36 1 year), Han nationality, a few words, whose name is Lian Zhai, is more than seven feet long (1. 83 meters), originally from Linyi (now Shandong), and later moved to Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). He was a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was honored as a "book saint" by later generations. His son Wang Xianzhi's handwriting is also very good. People call them "Two Kings", and another son, Wang Ningzhi, is a general of the right army, and is called "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". Representative works include: Le Yi Lun in regular script, Huang Ting Jing, Seventeen Guas in cursive script, Gua for Aunt in Running Script, Gua for Quick Snow Clear, Gua for Mourning, Preface to Lanting Collection in Running Script, etc. Intensive study of body posture, imitation of heart and pursuit of hand, learning from others' strengths, and casting in one furnace created a running script of "natural, rich in gods and the world", which was praised as "the sage of books" by later generations. Among them, Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection is highly praised by calligraphers and is called "the best running script in the world". Wang Xizhi has profound attainments in original works, cursive script and calligraphy. Modern Liu Duo once praised Wang Xizhi's calligraphy: "The only good word is Wang Xizhi".
Life:
I learned books from my uncle, and later from Mrs Wei, which showed me the famous calligrapher since the Han and Wei Dynasties, Zhang Zhi in cursive script, and Zhong You in formal writing. I am good at being a good official, careless, upright and upright, versatile, learning from others and preparing various styles. I got rid of the writing style of Han and Wei dynasties and became a family of my own. The brushwork is open and bright, and the structure is rigorous. Huang Tingjing and Le Yi Lun are the most important regular script. Preface to Lanting is the most important running script; The cursive script is "Sticking Clear Snow" and "Sticking at the First Eye". As a national treasure, Emperor Taizong called on the world to copy his calligraphy, and his calligraphy became authentic instead of Han and Wei brushwork. His calligraphy is known as "floating like a cloud, nimble as a dragon" and "iron calligraphy and silver hooks are the best in ancient and modern times", which was passed down from Buddhism as "the sage of calligraphy", and his running script Preface to Lanting was buried with Li Shimin. Now all the copies are handed down from generation to generation.
Legend has it that Wang Xizhi once went to a pavilion with friends to drink and write poems for fun, and then he wrote Preface to Lanting. Although there are typos in it, which are not very neat and the words are of different sizes, the elegance and elegance of the words cannot be surpassed by future generations. It's a masterpiece, even Wang Xizhi himself is amazed and can't believe it. That's why Preface to Lanting is so famous.
He believes that raising geese can not only cultivate sentiment, but also understand the truth of calligraphy from some gestures of geese. One morning, Wang Xizhi and his son Wang Xianzhi took a boat tour of Shaoxing. When they arrived near Xianshui Village, they saw a flock of white geese on the shore, staggering and dawdling. Wang Xizhi was fascinated by these white geese and wanted to buy them home. Wang Xizhi asked the Taoist priest nearby, hoping that the Taoist priest could sell him the goose. The Taoist priest said, "If the right army adults want it, please write a Taoist health book" Huang Ting Jing "for me! Wang Xizhi longed for the goose and readily agreed to the conditions put forward by the Taoist priest. This is the story of "Wang Xizhi gave the White Goose Book".
Family background:
The Jinshi family moved south to the north, while the people moved south and merged in the south of the Yangtze River. The royal family in Langya, Shandong Province, passed through Wang Lan (206 -278) and Wang Zheng to Wang Kuang (about 274 -328), and reached the Jin Dynasty (266 -3 16), where the Eight Kings Rebellion (290 -306) took place. Wang Kuang was good at sizing up the situation, imitating his ancestor Wang Lan, and lived in the south for 30 years at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Wuhu invaded Shandong, and Langya was in danger. Since 299, the rulers have been divided and the north has been fighting.
In order to escape the war, Wang Kuang and his family settled in Wudi and Luoshe Township in the south of the Yangtze River for 300 years, and served as the governor of Danyang and general Anton for many years (302 -307). In 302 AD, when Wang Sima of Changsha killed Sima Tong, King of Qi, in Shandong, Wang Kuang's family had fled to the south and moved to Yin Shan (Shaoxing) to play in the court, suggesting that Jinshi move south.
In 303 AD, on July 11th, the second year of Tai 'an in the Western Jin Dynasty, Wang Kuang's wife gave birth to her second son in Luoshe (now Luoshe Town, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province). Wang Kuang's younger brother Wang Xun became his nephew Wang Xizhi's first teacher. Wang Xun's all-rounder is known as "the first person to cross the river for painting and calligraphy".
Childhood:
When Wang Xizhi was a child, he often accompanied his mother from the countryside to Wuxi to visit his uncle Wang Dao, who was deeply loved by Wang Dao. In 309, Wang Kuang led an army to the north and went straight to Bingzhou, where he was completely annihilated and captured by Liu Cong. Wang Xizhi studied his father's brushwork theory at his home in Wuxi, and his calligraphy made great progress. And I often go to Jianye with my mother to visit relatives and friends. In 3 16, a little-known Wang Xizhi was a guest in Zhouyi (269 -322). At the banquet, Zhouyi presented a cow heart to Xi. In 3 16, Sima Ye went to the Xiongnu and died in the Western Jin Dynasty. In 3 17, Liu Cong killed Sima Ye, who was under construction, and Si Marui, the king of Langya, was put on the throne. In the first year of Jianwu, it was renamed the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Wang Dao was appointed as the general of the right army and the secretariat of Yangzhou, supervising the military affairs in the south of the Yangtze River.
In 3 18, in the first year of Daxing, Si Marui, Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Dao was worshipped as the prime minister and named as the general of a title of generals in ancient times. Yuan Di reigned for six years. In 322, he died of anger at the age of 58. This year, Wang Dun (another Tang Bo of Wang Xizhi) attacked Jiankang and killed Zhou Ai. Geng Liang, the general of the Western Expedition, was deeply impressed by Wang Xizhi's book Answer My Brother. He used Wang Xizhi's book to say, "... if you are a god, you will go back to your old point of view" and asked to join the army and move to a place with a long history. Before he left, he went to the imperial court and said that Xi was expensive and had good judgment. Not long after, Wang Xizhi moved to Jiangzhou General Ningyuan. Unexpectedly, Wang Xizhi left my mother in Wuxi and went to Jiangxi to take office, but was chased by the former Jiangzhou secretariat. Unable to take office, in anger, he traveled to Lushan to return to China and resigned. This year, Wang Dun rebelled, attacked health, and died.
In 326 AD, Wang Xizhi studied calligraphy at home in the countryside, and was persuaded by his mother to visit relatives in Jiankang, and stayed at Wang Dao's home in Wuyi Lane. In the first year of He Cheng's accession to the throne, Wang Dao was worshipped as Stuart. Chi Jian, a general riding a chariot, led Xuzhou Secretariat to be stationed in Jingkou (Zhenjiang). At this time, shortly after the rebellion in Wang Dun was put down, for political reasons, he made an issue with Wang Dao, fulfilled Wang Yong's marriage, sent servants to the door to find a husband, and entered the East Room, resulting in the story of "sleeping in the east bed with an open stomach".
Calligraphy attainments:
Wang Xizhi loved calligraphy since childhood and was enlightened by his father Wang Kuang and his uncle Wang Biao. He was a good book at the age of seven. At the age of twelve, he stole the pen theory of the previous generation from his father's pillow. Wang Kuang's good deeds and official letters; Wang Kui is good at calligraphy and painting. Wang Sengqian once commented in "On Books": "Before crossing the river to the east and the right army, Wei Xiao was the best, painting was the teacher of Jin Mingdi, and writing was the law of the right army." Wang Xizhi was deeply influenced by the Wangs in calligraphy since he was a child. Liu Duo, a rising contemporary calligrapher studying in the United States, once praised: "The only good word is Wang Xizhi".
Wang Xizhi studied under Mrs. Wei in his early years. Wei Shuo, who studied under Zhong You, inherited his method brilliantly. She taught Wang Xizhi's method of Zhong You, Wei's method of learning calligraphy in past dynasties, and her own calligraphy style and method. The Book Review of the Tang Dynasty said: "Mrs. Wei's books are as beautiful as flower arranging dancers. Another example is the beauty on the stage, the fairy shadow, the red lotus reflecting the water, and the blue marsh floating. " Shen, a modern man, said, "Learning from Mrs. Wei is naturally influenced by her. She follows the clock method and learns from it. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Zhuan Xu's traces of beginning of spring are different from the new style of Zhong Fa passed on by Mrs. Wei, so they are dissatisfied with the teacher's biography. This begins with later research. As soon as she saw the tablet, she became interested and wanted to change her major. This is ... You can appreciate the charming customs of the west, which are inexhaustible and deeply rooted. " (On the Calligraphy of Two Kings)
Wang Xizhi is good at changing from one teacher to another. When he broke away from Mrs. Wei's calligraphy, he reached a new historical height. He once told himself this historical turning point: "it will be great to learn from Mrs. Wei's book;" And crossing the river to visit the famous mountains in the north, comparing books such as Lisi and Cao; And make a promise, see Zhong You, Liang Yu book; See Cai Yong's Three-body Book of The Book of Songs; At the meeting place with my brother, I saw Zhang Chang's Hua Yue Monument. It took me several years to learn Mrs. Wei's book. ..... I changed my teacher, and I still studied historical sites. " From this passage, we can see Wang Xizhi's experience and intention of constantly broadening his horizons, studying extensively and exploring the source of enlightenment.
Wang Xizhi is ambitious and creative. He learns from Zhong You, so he can change. Zhong Shu is still turning over, and the real book is also divided. The pen is still expanding and there is a tendency for birds to soar. The so-called bell-tailed falcon wave. Wang Xizhi likes to chase with his hands, but it is easy to turn into a song and subtract momentum. The so-called right army came down with a bang. He imitated Zhang Zhi consciously. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Huaigeng once pointed out this point in the "Introduction": "It is a shame to compromise on the analysis of the bow grass; Zhong Jun's servant's profit and loss, although used to increase China, is quaint and can't be grasped. When it comes to research, it will do anything. Wang Xizhi's analysis and harmony of Zhang Zhi's cursive script, and Zhong You's official script's gain and loss and use can all be studied by two calligraphy masters. Shen said: "Wang Xizhi didn't dish mud at the feet of his predecessors, and so did painting gourds." Instead, I want to use my heart and hands to make the ancients work for me, not sticking to the past and not turning my back on the present. ".
In his life, he exhausted all kinds of brushwork of Qin and Han seal script in the Expo, all of which were integrated into the real cursive script, forming the best posture of his time, bringing forth the new and opening up a new world for future generations. This is the reason why Wang Xizhi is highly regarded as "combining various laws and preparing one family".
Calligraphy style:
Wang Xizhi's representative works include: Huang Tingjing in regular script, On Le Yi, Seventeen cursive posts, First Moon post, menstruation post, Qingxue post, Mourning post and preface to Lanting collection. Among them, Preface to Lanting Collection (20 pieces) is highly praised by calligraphers in past dynasties and is known as "the best running script in the world". Wang Jian is good at following the laws of Li, Cao, Kai and Xing, carefully studying the shape, imitating the shape with his heart, learning from others' strengths, preparing everything in one furnace, getting rid of the style of writing in Han and Wei Dynasties, and becoming a family of his own, which has far-reaching influence. His calligraphy is peaceful and natural, and his brushwork is euphemistic and subtle, graceful and graceful. The world often uses Cao Zhi's Ode to the Goddess of Luo: "If you are amazed, if you are graceful, if you are in Youlong, you will be glorious and autumn, and Hua Mao will be spring pine. It seems that if the moon is covered by light clouds, it will float like the wind flowing back to snow. " Praise the beauty of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. Legend has it that Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy hard when he was a child. After a long time, the pool water used to clean the brush turned black. Later generations commented: "Floating like a cloud, agile like a dragon", "Yue Long goes to heaven, the tiger lies in the phoenix pavilion" and "nature is natural, and abundant gods cover all generations". There are some idioms about him: Be smart and get married quickly ... The most obvious feature of Wang Xizhi's writing style is exquisite brushwork and changeable structure. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy has influenced bookstores from generation to generation. Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Zhu Suiliang, Xue Qi, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan in the Tang Dynasty, Yang Ningshi in the Five Dynasties, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty and Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty were all completely convinced and admired by Wang Xizhi, so he enjoyed the reputation of "book sage".
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