Ji kang
Ji Kang (223 ~ 262), whose real name is Ye Shu, was a writer, thinker and musician of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, one of the representatives of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", who was known as Ji Zhongsan in the world. He is extraordinary in appearance and good at melody. His works include Changqing, Short Qing, Long Side and Short Side, which were collectively called "Jisi Square" and "Cai Wu Square" in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Formerly known as Xi, his ancestral home was Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). In order to avoid enmity, his ancestors moved to Luo County, Qiao County (now Linhuan Town, Suixi, Anhui Province), and because of Lushan Mountain at home, he changed his surname to Ji. He lost his father in his early years and his family was poor, but he was still inspirational and diligent, and he was proficient in literature, metaphysics and music. He married Cao Cao's great-granddaughter Changle Pavilion. Si Mazhao wanted to win over Ji Kang, but Ji Kang tended to be on the royal side in the political struggle at that time and took an uncooperative attitude towards Sima Shi, so he was quite jealous. Zhong Hui, Si Mazhao's confidant, wanted to make friends with Ji Kang, but he was given a cold shoulder. Since then, he has made a feud. Ji Kang's friend Lu An was falsely accused by his brother as unfilial. Ji Kang came forward to defend Lu, and Zhong Hui advised him to take the opportunity to get rid of Lu and Ji. One of the evidences is "breaking up with Shanjuyuan". At that time, 3000 Thai students asked for pardon of Ji Kang and were willing to worship him as a teacher, but they were rejected. When he died, Ji Kang looked as cool as a cucumber. After playing Guangling San, he said: "Yuan Xiaoni wanted to learn Guangling San from me, and I learned it every time. Guangling San is now unique!" Die calmly, although the family background is Confucianism, but knowledge is not taught by teachers, only Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi speak well. Married into the Wei imperial clan, the official is scattered in the doctor, so it is also called scattered in the middle. Advocating the way of natural health preservation, he wrote the theory of health preservation, and advocated that "the more famous, the more natural." He made close friends with Wang Rong, Liu Ling, Xiang embroidery, Dan Tao, Ruan Xian and Ruan Ji, and was called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Later, because of different interests, he went to be an official and took him as his own generation, and then wrote a book and broke up with Tao; Because of the estrangement from Zhong Hui, he was killed in Si Mazhao at the age of forty and became a general. Ji Kangshan is famous for playing the swan song Guangling San. There is San Ji in Jizhong, with Ji Kang in Jizhong compiled by Lu Xun as the essence. Like to strike while the iron is hot. Sun Deng once said: "The way of self-protection is insufficient". In the philosophy of life, his proposition is: not Tang Wu, but thin Zhou Li, the more famous, the more natural. Fierce and unrestrained. Interestingly, before Ji Kang was executed, the most reassuring arrangement for his children was to let them take refuge in Dan Tao (Juyuan Mountain). After Ji Kang's death, Dan Tao took good care of and raised his children. Deduct a story of "gentlemen are harmonious but different".
Ruan Ji
Ruan Ji (2 10-263) was a writer and thinker at the end of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. Black Sect, one of the seven sages of bamboo forest. Wei people, once a captain of the infantry, were called "Ruan Infantry" in history. Worship the learning of Zhuangzi and Zhuangzi, but take a cautious attitude to avoid disasters politically. With Ji Kang, Liu Ling and other seven people as friends, they often gather under bamboo forests and enjoy themselves, and are known as the seven sages of bamboo forests in the world. Ruan Ji is the representative of the "beginning sound", among which 82 poems about the bosom are the most famous. Ruan Ji expresses his feelings through different writing techniques such as metaphor, symbol and sustenance, and satirizes the present with the help of the past, thus forming a poetic style of "grief, indignation, sadness and obscurity". Besides poetry, Ruan Ji is also good at prose and ci-fu. Of the nine essays, the longest and most representative is Biography of Mr. Adult. In addition, there are six poems, such as Qing Si Fu and shouyangshan Fu. There are ode to a dove and ode to a monkey. Thirteen volumes of Ruan Ji Ji Ji Ji were recorded in Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi, but I'm afraid it has been lost. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Pu compiled Ruan Infantry Collection, collecting books of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties 130. The closest thing to the Yellow Festival is Notes on Ruan Infantry's Love Poems. According to historical records, because Ruan Ji was brilliant and famous at that time, Sima Group in power tried to win him over, but Ruan Ji and Sima Group were always at arm's length. Ruan Ji was once the official given to him by Sima Group-Dongping Taishou. He took office on a donkey. As soon as he entered the yamen, the partition wall was torn down. Ten days later, he rode away on a donkey, as if he were joking. Later, he took the initiative to hire officials and became an infantry captain. His motivation is to take a fancy to a chef who is good at brewing in the infantry battalion. There are 300 bottles of wine hidden in the camp. During his two official positions, he only drank and ate meat with Liu Ling every day, drank in the wine village all day and never expressed any political opinions. Later, Si Mazhao wanted to marry Ruan Ji's daughter to his son. Ruan Ji was drunk for sixty days, so that Si Mazhao didn't have a chance to speak, so he gave up. These things were quite representative at that time and had a great influence on later generations. In fact, in the process of Ruan Ji's growth, his thoughts and attitudes have changed greatly. Ruan Ji received a very orthodox Confucian education when he was a child. Ruan Ji, who had never been in contact with the real society and was only immersed in books, was still influenced by this until his youth. His real idea is that in today's chaotic world, only by educating people with Confucianism can we achieve the goal of saving the world. Who else can do this? His thoughts can be seen in his early work On Music. In this article, he believes that the world is in chaos and the world is not ancient. People can be saved through music, and people will be happy when they are happy. After the ambitious Ruan Ji went to the society, he gradually realized that Confucianism was only the tool of the ruler, and it was impossible to achieve peace and realize his good wishes. So he had to turn to the school of Laozi and Zhuangzi very sadly, because in the world of Laozi and Zhuangzi, in the world of bamboo forests, although he can't "level the world", he can be independent, keep his mind free and beautiful, and he is also happy. However, Ruan Ji did not fully adapt, especially after Sima Jia launched the "High Ping Ling coup" to usurp power, Ruan Ji chose to completely indulge himself and escape. He often drives his own car, strolls around at will, and cries when he gets to the poor road. He's in pain. This is the saddest pain.
Shan Tao
Dan Tao (205-283) was a famous Juyuan, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". People from Huaixian County (now Wuzhi West, Henan Province) in the Western Jin Dynasty. I was lonely in my early years and my family was poor. Good theory of Lao zi and Zhuang zi, making friends with Ji Kang and Ruan Ji. Dan Tao is leaving his job and wants to ask Ji Kang to take his place. Ji Kang wrote to break up with him. At the age of forty, it was a princess book. Dan Tao turned a blind eye to Sima Yi and Cao Shuang's struggle for power and profit, and stayed out of the world. After Sima Shi came to power, he wanted to be attached to him and was promoted to a scholar. In addition to his doctor, he moved to the official department of Shangshu. Si Mazhao took Zhong Hui as an insurrection in Shu, and the Western Expedition and Ren Tao as marching chariots and horses. Zhao Jin was made public, and Tao advocated that he should be a prince. It is said that Wei proclaimed himself the emperor, made himself a great hero, added Che as a captain, and became the new boss. Out of Jizhou secretariat, the town of Bayinqu, collecting more than 30 talents. As a servant, he was moved to the official department of Shangshu, the prince of Shaofu, and the left servant. Every time an official chooses, he first follows the will of Emperor Wu of Jin and makes comments in person, which is called "Mountain Announcement". Because of my old habit, I have resigned many times and I am not allowed. After worshipping Si Tuleideng, he resumed his resignation and returned to China. There are ten volumes, which have been lost, and there are series books today. Although Dan Tao is the oldest of the seven sages of bamboo forest, he became an official very late. At the age of 40, Tao started a princess book with outstanding achievements and went to work in Henan, the state capital of Xiaolian. Biography of Dan Tao in the Book of Jin He first became an official about six years ago, but he ran away soon. Dan Tao's first official career was very short. At the beginning of eight years, he began to travel around bamboo forests with Ji Kang and Ruan Ji. After only a few years of seclusion, Dan Tao began his second official career. Dan Tao's second official career was related to marriage. Zhang Chunhua was Sima Yi's original wife, the biological mother of Sima Shi and Si Mazhao, and was later posthumously named Queen Jin Xuanmu. His career life in the next 30 years still played a huge role in the society at that time. He selected a large number of talents for the Jin Dynasty at that time, and was very strict with himself when he was an official. In the political atmosphere at that time, it was not easy for him to adhere to his discipline on bribery. Shan Tao
Dan Tao is the backbone of Sima's regime, so scholars in all previous dynasties criticized him from the orthodox point of view, and even was honored as "the second minister" by later generations. But it is unfair to judge Dan Tao's evaluation in this way, because when he was an official, he did not persecute Cao Shi members, let alone kill honest people, but promoted talents vigorously, which had a great positive effect on society. Worship Zhao Xiangxiang, and send the ministers of the official department, such as Shangshu, Wendy and Tao Shu, saying: The first step is elegant, and I am too short of reading. 200,000 yuan has been paid today. As can be seen from the Biography of Dan Tao in the Book of Jin, Dan Tao did not live a luxurious life like some bureaucrats, but was elegant and clean. He selected talents for the court, not out of selfishness, but for the election. Before and after the election, there were almost a hundred officials around, and there was no brain drain; All the mentioned projects are as they say. Only Lvliang is used for imperial edict, which is different from the general will and does not use troops. Guangming is also looking for a bribe and a loser. It can be seen that Dan Tao is very different from the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest in being an official, and his active official career does have a gap with others. Three times, Ruan Xian was remonstrated as an official minister. Although Ji Kang wrote "Dear John" with him, Ji Shao, Ji Kang's son, was later dissuaded by Dan Tao and entered the official career. Dan Tao's official career lasted nearly ten years. Since the age of forty, he has served as a princess book and hero. He lived in seclusion because he foresaw Cao Shuang's murder, but was recalled soon after. Later, he became an official in Ma Zhaozhong, the third generation of Sima Yan's political power, and became the right-hand man of Sima's regime. Different from Ruan Jikang, he seldom opposed Sima Shi's thought all his life, but closely revolved around Sima Shi's regime and became Sima Shi Jin. In his career, the most important positions are Shangshu Provincial Official Department, Shangshu Provincial Official Department, Shangshu Provincial Official Department and Shangshu Provincial Official Department. These positions belong to the official department, and their functions and powers are mainly to appoint officials and personnel, belonging to the central department. It is necessary to be familiar with the complicated personnel relations in the officialdom, and at the same time, it is necessary to be knowledgeable, which is just the right place for Dan Tao, who has always been proud of his political knowledge. The difference with other six sages: Although Dan Tao advocated Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi when he was young, he joined the ranks of the seven sages of bamboo forest, but he was not a romantic writer or an indifferent politician in essence, but a gentleman who adhered to secular etiquette. Dan Tao's character is basically that he may not be a person who can really enjoy himself. He is still in the world of mortals and has the ambition to make a name for himself. It is only because of his profound political knowledge that he avoided the world at the height of political struggle. Once the opportunity comes, he will still be an official. His friendship with Ji Kang and Ruan Ji is also an occasional spark. Therefore, in Ji Kang's "Breaking Up with the Mountain", he wrote, "The first step makes more sense than the other, and I blame many things for my frankness." The so-called "resourcefulness" tells the truth. Make a supplement to the paragraph "Break up with the mountain gathering source". In fact, Ji Kang wrote "Breaking up with Shan Juyuan" on another level in order to better protect his good friends. With this breakup letter, he won't get into trouble with his good friend because he doesn't cooperate with the government. Later, Ji Kang was killed. Before he died, he entrusted his child to Dan Tao, leaving a sentence: "Chrysanthemum Garden is here, you are not alone." Dan Tao is generous and thrifty. He doesn't ask much of an official and treats his friends honestly. Later generations only know one, but don't know the other, which is far-fetched.
Xiang Xiu
Xiang Xiu (about 227-272) was born in Huai, Hanoi (now southwest of Wuzhi, Henan). One of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest in Wei and Jin Dynasties. From officials to assistant ministers of Huangmen, they are all regular attendants of scattered riding. He wrote two articles, Zhuangzi, which invented curiosity and aroused Feng Xuan, Qiu Shui and Zhi Le, but he died before he finished writing his notes. After Guo Xiang's Narration and Generalization, it is not a book. Lost in the early years, the existing Notes on Zhuangzi can be regarded as the cooperation between Xiang and Guo. He advocated the unity of "Zoroastrianism" and "Nature" and the unity of Confucianism and Taoism. Everything is free and easy, but "up and down" is also out of "nature", and we can't seek "freedom" to violate "bright focus". Good at poetry and songs. His mourning for Ji Kang and Lu An's "Thinking of the Old" is very sad and famous. He also irrigated the gardens in Yang Shan with Lv An to support himself. Ji Kang's home is in Yang Shan, which shows that the three of them have close contacts. But farming is not their hobby. In exchange for rural work, once you have leisure, you can travel with each other in nature, escape from the dark cage of politics and gain spiritual freedom. Although the three of them are so close, Xiang embroidery is different from Ji Kang and Lu. Ji Kang is arrogant and uninhibited, Lu is free and easy, and Xiang embroidery loves reading, so it is often laughed at by them. The exchange of three hearts can be seen from Xiang embroidery's "Thinking of the Old": "I am not rebellious when I am close to Ji Kang and Lu, but I am sparse and open-minded." According to Biography of the Book of Jin, Xiang Xiu loved the study of Zhuangzi, but he loved reading and studied Confucianism since childhood. When he was twenty years old, he wrote an essay on Confucianism and Taoism. It can be roughly guessed from the ideas in his later work "Notes on Zhuangzi" that this article is about trying to reconcile Confucianism and Taoism. ("On Confucianism and Taoism" is lost today) There were dozens of people who commented on "Zhuangzi" at the beginning, so it was impossible to pursue its purport. Xiang Xiu wrote Interpretation in addition to the old notes, which is a wonderful analysis of wonders and a great Feng Xuan. Only "Autumn Water" and "Zhile" are unfinished, indicating death. Xiuzi is young, with scattered benevolence and righteousness, but he still has other books. ..... Xiang Xiu thinks that although many people have been reading Zhuangzi, few people take notes for it, so he wants to take notes for Zhuangzi. After writing this work, please criticize Ji Kang and Lu An. After reading it, it was almost unanimously praised. It can be seen that Xiang embroidery's annotation on Zhuangzi really went beyond the annotation of the old family and went straight into Zhuangzi's heart. Therefore, the five kings of Yan Yannian chanted: "Exploring the Tao is extensive and profound, and reading is frivolous." Biography of the Book of Jin: "Zhuang Zhou wrote dozens of articles at home and abroad. Although historians have observers, it is not appropriate to discuss their unity. The exhibition is to cover up the mystery, invent the curiosity and arouse the mysterious wind. The reader's heart is detached and self-sufficient for a while. " Now, Zhuangzi's Annotation of Xiang embroidery has been lost, and some of it is scattered in Liezi's Annotation of Zhang Zhan. Xiang and Guo's Notes on Zhuangzi is an important philosophical work in metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and also a representative work of worshipping learning at that time, in which there are many views contrary to your school. This book attempts to combine Taoism and Confucianism, and more importantly, to correct Taoism from the perspective of Confucianism. Ignorant talk and Wang Bi advocated non-interference in the privileges of the aristocratic family, which allowed the interests of the aristocratic family to expand infinitely. However, the changes from "harmony", "king" to "Guo Chong" reflect the power struggle and development process within the aristocratic families in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Ontologically, Xiang and Guo disapprove of the theory of "no birth", and put forward the views that "things are made by themselves" and "the creator has no owner". It is believed that the formation and change of everything is "self-sufficient", that everything is self-sufficient, and that there is no independent entity outside everything itself as a biochemical thing; The so-called nothing only means that everything is self-satisfied; Everything is eternal, though it will never die. This theory denies the view of Tao and inanimate objects and affirms the reality of all things. But this theory also denies the causal relationship between everything in time and the evolution process of everything. This worship of things is manifested in social problems, putting forward the outlook on life of "nature is nature" and "enjoying oneself", and drawing the conclusion that all existence is reasonable, and that the order of nature and society is natural, and the differences of characters and their various positions are also natural and reasonable; Everything is in its own position, and if it does not pursue its own extraordinary, it will naturally feel free and happy; Inaction is not passive inaction, but what you do should not exceed your duties; A sage in a position of wealth can also enjoy the lofty life of a mountain hermit and so on. All these viewpoints are to demonstrate that Zoroastrianism does not go against nature, and all social strata are required to have their own ranks in order to consolidate the existing order. Difficult to preserve one's health: The ideological difference between Xiang embroidery and Ji Kang is also reflected in his article Difficult to preserve one's health. The Theory of Health Preservation is Ji Kang's work. In this paper, he advocated the idea of less desire for health preservation, while Xiang embroidery opposed it. His idea is to popularize the idea of respecting nature in the popular thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi in Wei and Jin Dynasties. But from his performance and reasoning process, it is obvious that he has stood on the position of Confucianism. Even though he was extremely interested in the thoughts of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, he never took them as a guide to his attitude towards life. So when Ji Kang and Lu An were executed later, he was not implicated, but was noticed by the incumbent and was ready to be quoted as an official. This is also the difference in their thoughts. There was a dialogue with Si Mazhao, when Si Mazhao was in power. Punished in the mountains, the county entered Romania; King Wen introduced him and asked, "I heard that you have the ambition to mount Ji. Why are you here?" Yes, he said, "I don't want to worship those who build nests and make friends." Wang Dawei Mount Ji is the name of a mountain. It is said that Yao gave way to He. They refused to accept it and lived in Lushan, so Lushan's ambition was to live in seclusion. Even though Xiang Xiu and his two friends are very different in dealing with practical problems and ideas, they are getting closer and closer in their arguments, so he deeply regrets the sudden death of his two friends. When Luo Yang returned to Yang Shan Ji Kang's former residence, he couldn't help but write the famous "Nostalgia", which showed the hidden political darkness and terror and the negative attitude of resisting politics. After Si Mazhao's death, Xiang Embroidery continued to be an official for him, but he was extremely dissatisfied with it. According to the legend in the Book of Jin: "After that, it was the assistant minister of scattered riding, and after that, it was the assistant minister of scattered riding. I didn't hold a post in North Korea, just a trace. Die in the same place. " It can be seen that he only hangs an empty name for the official, but he can still keep this empty name.
Liu Ling
Liu Ling was born in Bolun, Guo Pei (now Huaibei City, Anhui Province). One of the seven sages of bamboo forest, he is good at drinking and tasting wine. At the end of Wei, he joined the army for Jianwei. At the beginning of Jin Wudi's reign, he called for countermeasures and emphasized inaction, so he was exempted. He opposed Sima's dark rule and hypocritical ethics. In order to avoid political persecution, he became addicted to alcohol and pretended to be crazy. Once a guest came to visit, he was naked. When the guest asked him, he said, I take heaven and earth as my residence and my room as my clothes. Why did you get into my pants? His bohemian behavior shows a denial of moral standards. There is only one article, ode to wine virtue. He is only 1.40 meters high. He is not only short, but also extremely ugly. But his temperament is heroic, broad-minded and informal. I don't socialize with people at ordinary times, I'm taciturn, and I don't care about the world at all. He just had a good time with Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, and met them talking and laughing, so he joined the ranks of the Seven Sages. In terms of official position, he joined the army as Jianwei. It is said that during the Taishi period, he submitted his opinion for the first time, advocating inaction, but it was dismissed as useless. At that time, all his peers got high positions, and only he was removed from office. After becoming an official, Liu Ling drank heavily every day and finally died of alcoholism. On the contrary, in the troubled times when literati are easily killed, it is a great fortune to die. According to Biography of the Book of Jin, he often rode a deer cart with a pot of wine in his hand, ordered his servant to run after the cart with a hoe, and said, "If I am drunk, I will be buried on the spot." He drinks too much, so he is a degenerate. Once, he got drunk and quarreled with the people in the town. The other party rolled up his sleeves angrily and prepared to punch him. Liu Ling said quietly, I have a body as thin as a chicken rib, and there is a place to put my brother's fist. Hearing this, the other party laughed and finally put down his fist. Liu Ling was ill and thirsty, so she asked his wife for wine. The woman donated wine and destroyed the utensil, sobbing, "You drank too much. If you are not a doctor, you must stop it! " Ling said, "Very good. I can't help it. I hope ghosts and gods swear by themselves. There can be wine and meat. " The woman said, "I respect my life." Give wine and meat to God, please swear. Ling knelt down and made a wish, "Sheng, she was named after wine; One glass of wine, one welcome, five games. Be careful not to listen to women. " He put wine into the meat, but he was already drunk. On one occasion, he was so drunk that he asked his wife to take the wine. His wife cried and spilled the rest of the wine on the ground and broke the bottle. She advised him tearfully, "You drink too much. This is not the way to keep fit. Please stop! " Liu Ling replied, "Good! But I can't stop drinking myself. I must swear out before God. I want to trouble you to prepare wine and meat for the gods. " His wife believed it and obeyed his orders. So Liu Ling offered wine and meat to the altar and knelt down to tell him: "Born Liu Ling, named after wine; One glass of wine, one welcome, five games. Be careful not to listen to women. " Say that finish, holding wine and meat, drunk again. From this incident of cheating wine and meat, we can see his funny, intelligent and bohemian side. Not only people, but also ghosts and gods. As for drinking, all the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest like to drink, but Liu Ling is famous for drinking alone, which shows that he can drink a lot. Like Ruan Ji, his drinking may be forced by dark politics and dirty society, but he can really indulge in the chaotic world of wine country, unlike Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, who are full of resentment and even vomit blood after drinking. The way he drinks is also extremely heroic. Alcoholism naturally brings debauchery in behavior. Liu Ling is an alcoholic, and his thoughts are very close to those of Zhuangzi. Liu Ling often indulges in drinking, regardless of etiquette, and does whatever he wants. I learned something from Ji Kang and Ruan Ji, such as debauchery, absurdity, cynicism, lack of knowledge and courage, and being drunk all day. He is so naked that he often undresses and drinks at home. "Liu Lingheng binge drinking, or stripped naked in the house. Everyone laughed at it. Ling said, "I take heaven and earth as my building and my room as my clothing. Why did you come into my house? When a guest comes into the house looking for him, if someone laughs at him and Liu Ling boasts, he will proudly say, "Heaven and earth are my house, and the interior is my underwear. Why did you get into my crotch? " In addition, he also showed this situation in his famous article Ode to Wine Virtue. The work Ode to Wine Virtue "Ode to Wine Virtue" Liu Ling wrote a ode to wine virtue, which was from her heart. " Living in dirty troubled times, but unable to save the society at that time, Liu Ling had to give up and do nothing. At the same time, Ruan expressed his hatred of hypocritical ethics and his inner pursuit of natural innocence through his drunken words and deeds. Some adults regard heaven and earth as time, ten thousand periods are a moment, the sun and the moon are a moment, the eight droughts are a court, there is no trace, and the curtain is on the ground, which means this. Hold the bottle when you stop, and the pot when you move. Only wine is business, how to drink it is business, and how to know the rest. A gentleman named Chu Shi got wind of me and talked about it, but he gnashed his teeth with anger and talked about etiquette, which was the beginning of right and wrong. So, Mr. Fang held the trough, washed the mash with a cup, crouched on the basket, bent his pillow in a bad mood, carefree, happy and ceramic. When you are drunk, you wake up. Listening to the sound of electricity, I turn a blind eye to the shape of Mount Tai, I don't know the cold and heat, the feelings of lust, overlooking everything, how to disturb duckweed like Jianghan, how to wait by, and how to win like an ankle moth. The main idea of this article is: "There is a so-called adult gentleman who takes the universe as his home and thinks that 10 thousand years is only a blink of an eye." He can go wherever he wants, whether it's ok or not. Only wine is his pleasure, and he doesn't look at other pleasures. Hearing his comments, the gentry such as your son and Chu Shi didn't glare at him or criticize him politely. But Mr. Wang continued to pick up the glass in his hand, brushed off the turbid wine that fell on his beard and got drunk. He doesn't feel cold or hot, and he has no desire for profit. He regards all the miscellaneous things in the world as duckweeds drifting on the river. " This outlook on life is nothing more than Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's thought of "happiness and misfortune, death and life". In the Book of Jin, he said: "Although he is in a coma, his machine should not be bad. I have never been interested in the style of writing, but I wrote an ode to wine. " In the article, he entrusted his pursuit of spiritual freedom to the so-called "Mr. Adult", and attacked Chu Shi, a nobleman's son and gentry in hypocritical secular ethics. The full text is full of unrestrained satire. Although Ruan Ji hated that society, he had to live in the bureaucratic society of Wei, especially with the autocratic Sima family, which made him full of anguish. It became a sharp and happy curse (Biography of Mr. Adult). On the other hand, Liu Ling was not satisfied with officialdom from the beginning, and was not accepted by bureaucratic society. Therefore, his contempt for the owners in Ode to Wine Virtue is full of ridicule and ridicule.
Ruanxian
Ruanxian
Ruan Xian, a native of Wei's family (now Henan) in the Western Jin Dynasty, was named Zhongrong. One of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Ruan Ji's nephew and Ruan Ji are also called "big and small Ruan". Li Guan rode an assistant minister to level the satrap. Open-minded and informal. He was good at playing the straight-necked pipa, and later changed his name to Ruan Xian for short. Ruan Xian is not only good at playing, but also good at composing music. It is said that he wrote the popular piano music "Three Gorges Liu Quan" in the Tang Dynasty. In the poem of the same name, Li Jilan wrote a poem "Recalling the past and making Zhong Rong listen to it". 1950 The portrait of Ruan Xian, played by Ruan, was unearthed from the tomb of the Southern Dynasties in Xishanqiao, Nanjing, with a focused expression. Ruan Zhongrong lives in the south with the infantry, and Zhu Ruan lives in the north. Rich in the north and poor in the south. On July 7, Bei Ruansheng was drying clothes, all gauze Luo Jinqi; Zhong Rong hung a big cloth calf with a pole in the atrium. People are still strange, answer: "I can't avoid customs and talk to you!" " On July 7th, Ren's birthday has the custom of drying clothes. Ruan Xian was born in a poor family, so he hung calf nose pants in the yard (shorts, clothes worn by the poor, and celebrities in Wei and Jin dynasties like to wear calf nose pants in summer, indicating free and easy), which naturally showed the informality of Ruan Xian Renda. But it also shows that Ruan Xian's family is poor, but his superior family status and the status of the gentry have not been reduced. Ruan xian did not avoid customs, but he did something different. At this time, he is actually just