Gao Lian, a famous opera writer, health care scientist and bibliophile in Ming Dynasty, was born in Ruinan Road and Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) and is famous for his operas. Born in the early years of Jiajing, he mainly lived in Wanli period. He once worked in Beijing Crack Temple, and then lived in seclusion in West Lake. Can write poems and songs, be proficient in medical skills, and be better at health preservation. His legendary dramas include The Jade Hairpin, The Festival of Filial Piety, Poems on Yashangzhai and Poems on Local Records. His health-preserving book "Eight Records of Respect for Life" is a masterpiece of health-preserving science in ancient China, and Peony Flower Spectrum and Lanpu have been handed down from generation to generation.
Chinese name: Gao Lian.
Alias: Shenfu,No. Ruinan
Nationality: Ming Dynasty
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Hangzhou, Zhejiang
Occupation: opera writer
Faith: Taoism
Main achievements: The Jade Hairpin was rated as one of the top ten classic comedies in China.
Representative works: Legendary Hosta, Filial Piety, Miscellaneous Notes on Respect for Life, etc.
brief introduction
Gao Lian, a playwright in Ming Dynasty. The word Shen Fu is called Renan. Qiantang, Zhejiang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) people. Born in the early years of Jiajing, he lived around Wanli (1573- 1620). He is good at poetry and good at keeping in good health, and he is the author of 19 volumes of Eight Records of Respect for Life. Gao Lian has a wide range of hobbies, such as collecting books, appreciating paintings, commenting on ci, incense and singing. In addition, there are "Peony Flower Spectrum" and "Blue Spectrum" handed down from generation to generation. I think of a painting poem by Amin Li Rihua: frost falls in the cold, and clouds are sprayed on the fishing rod. Draw it as not giving it away, the tea is ripe, fragrant and warm. This painting can probably serve as a portrayal of Gao Lian.
Gao Lian once worked in Beijing Crack Temple, and then lived in seclusion in West Lake. No biography of Ming history, proficient in melody. "He can play music, and every time he gives a banquet, he will sing a song for entertainment", "He will try to gather his neighbors to tell the story of Song Jiang". The so-called poems and songs, appreciation of cultural relics, everything, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, tea and wine cooking, everything. Rich family, secluded in the West Lake, wandering between mountains and rivers, "trying to build mountains all over Hongqiao and collect books of ancient and modern times", and there are many Song editions, so you can read ancient and modern widely. His "Hosta Jade" is famous all over the country. His ci style is graceful and unique. He is the author of the second episode of "Poem Grass on Yashangzhai", The Legend of Four Treasures of the Study, The Legend of Hosta, The Legend of Filial Piety and so on. Qu Lu and Xiao Jing are divided into two parts. The first part is about the return of Tao Qian, and the second part is about the return of Shi Mi. The drama Legend was written by Ma Ruilan. He also wrote 19 volumes of Eight Chapters of Respect for Life, and the General Catalogue of Four Treasures of the Study was devoted to convincing people, which shows that the social habits of the Ming Dynasty are still one of the highlights.
Main creation
Shen's Nanci contains Sanqu, and his Qupin lists his works in the New Legend Series, which shows that he is a Wanli person, roughly at the same time as Tang Xianzu, Shen and others. There are two legends: Hosta and Filial Piety, both of which exist. Sanqu can be found in Nanci Yun Xuan, Nangong Ci Collection, Wu Sao Co-edited, Portrait of Linz, etc. There are more than ten poems and collections. In addition, there are collections of poems and essays, such as Shang Yazhai's Cao Shi, Fang Zhilou's Ci, and Eight Miscellanies about Respecting Life. "Filial Piety Festival" includes two short plays. The first volume is "Fu Gui Ji", which brought Tao Qian from Peng, refused to be recruited by the court, entered Kuanglu and Huiyuan to form a lotus club, and wrote about his lofty and vulgar moral integrity. The next volume is Chen Qingji, which describes the filial piety of Shi Biao and his wife in serving their grandmother. These two short plays reflect the ideological interest of feudal literati and are relatively rough in art.
Gao Lian often practiced the "six-character formula" put forward by the ancients, and revealed its essence in Song of Four Seasons for Treating Diseases. This song says: "In spring, you can soothe your eyes and help your liver. On the solstice of summer, you can stay away from your heart.". Autumn will definitely harvest gold to moisten the lungs, and blow the kidneys only for peace in the camp. However, triple energizer Xi can eliminate troubles and calories, and the four seasons require the spleen to become food. Don't make a sound, its merits are better than the protection of the gods. "
Health advice
In terms of diet, Gao Lian first paid attention to the quality of drinking water, and proposed to use "spirit water" such as rain and snow dew. At the same time, he also pointed out: not all the water from the sky is suitable for drinking, such as "violent people, drought and freezing people, people who are jealous of ink, and those who are extremely eaves are not edible."
Taking flowers as vegetables has been recorded in Chinese ancient books. In this respect, Gao Lian not only studied it, but also developed it. He said: Lily and flour steamed into soup cakes can replenish qi and blood. He also quoted the classics, saying that the ancients once called it "permeated with the benefits and wonderful medicine of China" to encourage people to eat lilies. He appreciates chrysanthemums better. He said: "Chamomile flowers will bloom in spring and summer." If you "pick, wash and cook, quickly enter Shui Piao for a period of time, then take it, drain and mix its food, its color will remain green, crisp, tender and more flavorful."
Gao Lian also has unique views on seasonal health preservation. He wrote in "Eight Notes on Respect for Life": jujube soup, bell milk wine, medlar cream, Dihuang soup and other medicines should be taken in winter to nourish and neutralize qi. In addition, you can also take medicated porridge to tonify symptoms, such as almond mutton porridge, red jujube porridge, Shenqi chicken sauce porridge, radish porridge and so on.
In addition to food supplement, Gao Lian also attached great importance to medicine supplement and medication, and compiled various prescriptions such as Caohuandan, Caolingdan, Xia Tian Ointment, Ligustrum lucidum Ointment, Quelao Qi Jing Powder and Wanbing Polygonatum Pill. Among them, "Wan Huang Bing Jing Wan Fang" is: "Use Polygonatum 10 kg, wash and steam, 3 kg of white honey and 3 kg of asparagus, steam". Then, "mix the three flavors evenly, put them in a stone mortar and pound them with a pestle." Divided into four doses, each dose is pounded with 10,000 pestles, and the pills are as big as buttonwood. Take warm wine every 30 capsules once every three days. Take it regularly, "it can prolong life and benefit qi, and cure all diseases."
Book collection concept
Collect more books and build a "mountain-covered" library and a "wonderful appreciation building" in Hongqiao, Hangzhou. Huang Pilie is known as "the great bibliophile in the middle of Ming Dynasty" because of his eclectic classic works, biographies of poems and essays, miscellaneous notes on history and numerous medical books. Eight Chapters of Respect for Life (19), published in the 19th year of Wanli (159 1), is a comprehensive work summarizing China's daily life experience since the past dynasties, with high academic value, including knowledge cultivation in mountains and rivers, flowers and birds, insects and fish, music and calligraphy, pen and ink, and appreciation of cultural relics. The sixth note "Notes on Qing Tan's Collection of Books" in Eight Chapters of Respect for Life pays special attention to the identification of books in the Song Dynasty. There is a profound discussion on the identification of books in the Song Dynasty, and a detailed discussion on various means of forging books in the Ming Dynasty. It reveals that the method used by booksellers in Ming Dynasty to forge books in Song Dynasty is "carving new books in Song Dynasty, especially copying them with yellowish thick bamboo paper, or sticking them with Sichuan cocoon paper or square curtains." "Or wear makeup, grind off a corner with gravel, or make one or two nicks, burn the tail of the paper with a lamp, and smoke yellow with grass to look like the scars of ancient people, or make holes in the cupboard where rice is eaten." Advise "collectors should dialectically use real eyes"; He also has unique views on the protection of ancient books, and his experience is highly valued by later bibliophiles and edition experts. On the fine proofreading of his book engraving, taking medical books as an example, typos will cause endless troubles. The collection of books is printed with Collection of Temple Upstairs, Revitalization of wuyue, High Comment on Eight-part Writing of Song Dynasty, Printing and Calligraphy of Wulin Gaoruinan Plus Collection, Recording of Painting and Calligraphy of Wulin Ruinan Collection, Collection of Wulin Shenfu Temple Upstairs, Collection and Collection.
Gao Lian's idea of collecting books is quite practical. He once described himself as a bibliophile: "Dreaming about hobbies, visiting from far and near, from classics, biographies of poems and essays, miscellaneous people and two classics, everything is accepted." Therefore, if you read a book, whenever you see a new and unusual book, no matter how expensive it is, you must wait for a period of time. "
As a scholar who loves reading, Gao Lian once deeply lamented a phenomenon, that is, "people with simple families don't have money to collect books, and people with rich families don't like reading". At the same time, he also criticized those good scholars who are arty and rich, thinking that they "don't like reading, get good books, decorate them with silk patterns, and put them in fancy houses", so that they "accumulate too much dust for years". Of course, he thinks that they are better than those rich people who don't like reading after all. However, Gao Lian also believes that real scholars should "have no doubt about beauty and evil, just want to search for strange things, see the secrets of ancient people's words and deeds, and be broad-minded and unheard of." When he accumulated a large number of books, he walked in classes, sometimes opened a letter and scattered it several times, which made the days deeper and deeper. He played with sages and talked with them for a long time, and he was happy and quick-eyed. Why can he win? " These insights are indeed higher than those of ordinary book collectors.
discriminating power
Gao Lian is good at recognizing versions. The sixth note "Notes on Qing Tan's Collection of Books" in Eight Chapters of Zunsheng discusses in detail the identification methods of Song and Yuan editions and various means of forging Song editions in Ming Dynasty. He revealed: "At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhai carved books, which seemed exquisite. Recently, the Song Fake edition of this book is very wonderful and unpredictable. Newly carved books of the Song Dynasty, special notes are made of yellowish and thick bamboo paper, or Sichuan cocoon paper, or paper covered with square curtains, or when I was a child, I carefully knocked the volume with a hammer, called scraping, and printed it with ink to remove the odor. Or one or two important parts in the new engraving are broken out of chapter, or the serial number of this edition is changed, or the name is engraved by modern people, leaving a blank for another small seal, the surname of Song is buckled at two corners, or the makeup is worn away, or one or two missing marks will be worn away by sand and gravel, or the tail of paper will be burned by lights, the grass will still be smoked yellow, or the ancients will be damaged or eaten by rice. Everything is different from the new one. They are lined with silk and brocade, which are heavy and light, but at first they are not like books to confuse sellers. Or as a gang cellar, it is said that it was left by a surname of the old family. There are hundreds of people who can't peek, and collectors should be dialectical. " These experiences were highly valued by later bibliophiles and publishers.
Abstinence concept
Gao Lian was a famous opera writer and a health care scientist in Ming Dynasty. He put forward the viewpoint of "keeping in good health and abstinence first" in "Three Knows". Although he thinks it is an instinctive pleasure for people to drown on red. But sex and life are together, and God and Qi are interdependent. If you indulge in it, it will inevitably affect the harmony between body and mind and hurt Yin and Yang. Gao Lian listed ten methods of abstaining from prostitution and prolonging life in the book "Yan nian zhi Wei Jian": "Yin and Yang are in harmony, and the connection is moderate; When you enter the room, you can forget the scene; Don't drown Xiao Ai, don't trap Qian Tong; Enchanting and greedy, the city makeup is not close; Cherish essence as gold, cherish body as treasure; Take medicine frequently to supplement the next yuan; Not greedy, not chaotic; Don't dream, don't lose your dreams; If you are less greedy, you can always know the commandments; Avoid color, such as hatred, abstinence. "
To sum up, Gao Lian elaborated on the concept of abstinence from the following aspects: the sexual life of yin and yang, the sexual skills of entering the house, the sexual psychology without delusion, the sexual health care of being diligent in taking drugs, and the excessive sexual morality, which enriched the content of China's sexology. It is worth pointing out that Gao Lian lived in the Ming Dynasty, when Neo-Confucianism prevailed. It takes courage and courage for him to abandon the hypocritical preaching of "murderous desire" and explore sexual culture. At the same time, his abstinence theory inevitably left a limited relic of his time. In addition, Gao Lian put forward another aspect of abstinence in Notes on Life and Happiness, namely sexual taboo under special modality. Personnel taboo "advocates that all men and women should abstain from sex after being overjoyed, furious, feverish, unclean menstruation and drunk."
Important works
jade hairpin
It was originally based on the history of ancient and modern women. It's about the Jin Bing Rebellion in the Southern Song Dynasty. Chen Jiaolian and her mother escaped and got lost on the way. Jiao Lian entered the Jurchen vision outside Jinling as a Taoist, and her dharma name was wonderful. Pan Bizheng, the nephew of the master, doesn't want to go back to his hometown and live in the temple. On a beautiful day, I often play the piano by moonlight. Pan Sheng looks for the piano to visit. Pan Sheng played Fly to Phoenix, and Miao often played Journey to the Wide Cold, and their feelings healed. Pan sheng then chose with emotion, and Miao often refused with courtesy. Another day, Miao often dozed off in the house, Pan Sheng visited, and Miao often wrote love poems on the desk, realizing his wish. One night, Sheng Pan was admonished by his aunt on his way to an appointment, forcing him to try as soon as possible and personally taking him to the river. Miao Chang hired a boat privately, chased Pan Sheng, presented the jade hairpin as a keepsake, and Pan Sheng rewarded Yuanyang with a fan. The two of them cried goodbye. Pan Sheng made an appointment with him before he could get married. The whole play ***34. Starting from the issue of 16, The Words Beyond the Strings (that is, picking the piano), we passed the lovesickness in the hotel, matchmaking, stealing poems, blocking the wedding (that is, blocking the wedding), knowing how to force it (that is, trying to force it) and Qiu Jiang. The separation of Qiu Jiang is the first separation and the last reunion, which is handled very sadly in Kunqu Opera, and this separation in Sichuan Opera is a famous comedy, also called "Catch Pan".
Eight Sacred Chapters * * * nineteen volumes. Describe the four seasons, daily life, delaying treatment, diet, secret pills and other health care methods, and describe all kinds of diets in detail.
Gao Lian is a very interesting person. A poem "Eight Chapters of Respect for Life" can give a glimpse of his temperament and interest. The book has clear and wonderful essays; Notes of the four seasons; Comfortable life; Prolonging treatment; Drinking and writing food notes; Yan Xianqing enjoys the notes; Ling Midan Jian Yao; Take notes outside the dust.
"Eight Records of Respect for Life" is a treasure book of health preservation, and it is said that Song Meiling also highly praised it. This can be regarded as a "double gem" with the so-called "leisure" that petty bourgeoisie must learn now. The contents of the notes are extremely rich, and its health-preserving thought is to pay attention to the conditioning of body and qi, to nourish qi and protect the spirit, and to transport the body to treat diseases.