Lu Yu was a famous scholar in the mid-Tang Dynasty and the original founder of tea science in China and even the world.

Who? He is ill, and his word is hung-chien, and his word is flawed; Fuling, Fuzhou (now Tianmen, Hubei) people. His biography and introduction can be found in New Tang Shu, Wen Yuan, Biography of Tang People and Quantang Wen.

It is said that he is an abandoned baby and doesn't know what he gave birth to. His name was used by himself when he grew up.

The Book of Changes was divined. He divined the "gradual" divination of the "sword", and the divination words include "Hung-chien is on the ground, and the feather can be used as a weapon", so he took Lu as his surname, Yu as his name and Hong as his name.

Write words gradually. He was fished out of the river by a monk and grew up in a temple, but he loved reading since he was a child.

I didn't want to learn Buddhism, so I secretly left the temple and went to a troupe to learn drama.

Play the role of "excellent person" During the Tianbao period (742-756), Lu Yu went too far in a performance.

Keep what Ricky appreciates. He is ugly, stuttering, eloquent and upright. Shangyuanchu (7

60 years), moved to Tiaoxi (Huzhou, Zhejiang), calling himself Sang Zhuweng, and wrote books behind closed doors. He's out.

After the name change, the court appointed him as Prince Literature, and later changed him to Taichang Temple Taishou, but he didn't.

Yes, I did. Zhenyuan (785-804) finally died.

In the introduction of Lu Yu, there was no mention of the year of birth and death, only the year of death, because most of Lu Yu's biographies.

Including Lu Yu's own autobiography, are written in this way. But in the past three or four decades, China' s package

When talking about Lu Yu, scholars in Hong Kong and Taiwan have clearly marked Lu Yu according to their own opinions.

Year of birth. Because everyone's evidence is different, Lu Yu's date of birth is also different, so it appeared.

Many different years. I will mention this in my book's monographic study of Lu Yu.

Moreover, it will not be discussed further here.

Lu Yu is a learned scholar. He may have been influenced by time. "

The ideological influence of "no name, no backward road" is like a sunny day and a Cui Zi direction academically.

In the "Send to Chu Shi Lu Yulian", he said: "Wu Jing prepares calendars and catalogs them according to local conditions";

"Seeking Courtesy in the Wild, Compiling the Legacy of Chiang Kai-shek's Petition" (2) explores and accumulates knowledge not only from books, but also from nature and society, so its coverage is very wide and its writings are also diverse. Here we might as well take the manuscripts before Xin Chou (76 1) as an example. According to Lu Yu's autobiography, his poems mainly include "Four Sorrow Poems" and "Tian Wen Wu Ming Fu". Manuscripts include three volumes: The Deed of the Monarch and the Minister, thirty volumes: Origin, eight volumes: Genealogy of Four Surnames on the River Table, three volumes: North and South Figures 10, the official history of Xing Wu, three volumes: Huzhou Secretariat 1 0, Tea Classic and Dream. In fact, this is only a small part of Lu Yu's works, that is, according to Lu Yu's bibliography, there are three poems, namely, Lu Yu's poem, the fisherman's poem by Lu Yu, Yan Zhenqing and Zhang, and the poem of Hongzhou Fisherman's Museum in Lu Yu's later period. In addition, there are some local chronicles, such as The Legend of Yishan, The Story of Xing Wu, Wu Xing Tu, The Story of Tiger Hill, Travel Notes of Huishan Temple, The Story of Lingyin Tianzhu Second Temple, The Story of Wulin Mountain, etc. Tea books include Ancient Zhushan Collection, Tea Collection, Quanpin and Destroying Tea. Other works include Biography of Five Eminent Monks, Jiao Fangzhi, Yan Zhenqing Catalogue, and Xing Wu's Compilation of Lu Lu and so on.

According to the above bibliography of Lu Yu, it is not difficult to determine that Lu Yu is not only an expert in tea science,

According to his present major, he is also an outstanding poet, primary school expert and biographer.

Historians and geographers. In addition, when he was an excellent person, he also wrote some plays, which were well written.

He is a playwright and calligrapher because his calligraphy is very good. However, in many ways, it is better than

Comparatively speaking, he has more works and achievements in tea science, history and geography.

Bigger. In this regard, Ouyang Xiu pointed out in Notes on Ancient Books that Lu Yu wrote books all his life.

Many ",but except the Tea Classic, other books are not in circulation, and the cover is the cover of the Tea Classic, mainly because of his achievements in tea science. Because of this, shortly after the death of Lu Yu, it was recorded in Tang Shi Addendum that "Gong County potters were mostly porcelain dolls named Lu Hung-chien, who bought dozens of tea sets and got a Hung-chien. City people are not good at selling tea, so they have to pour tea "(3); Make a statue of Lu Yu and call it the tea god.

Lu Yu's achievements in tea science are mainly the book Tea Classics. The Book of Tea consists of seven books.

More than 1000 words, divided into three volumes and ten sections. The first volume: the origin, the characteristics, name and quality of tea; two

Tools, talking about tools for picking tea; Third, talk about the types and methods of tea. In the volume:

The fourth utensil introduces the utensils for cooking and drinking tea. Book 2: Five Boiling, discussing the method of making tea and water.

The quality of; Six drinks, talking about the custom of drinking tea; Seven things, collect records and stories about tea.

And effectiveness; Eight out, list the important tea producing areas and places where tea is produced; Nine strategies

It is about which tea sets and tea sets can be omitted; Ten pictures, that is, teach people to copy tea classics with silk.

Hang up the phone. In China, whether in Chinese mainland or Hong Kong and Taiwan, there are many books about tea classics, but we

It is considered that Mr. Chen's three titles in the Book of Tea are "Tea Encyclopedia" and "Tea Science" respectively.

"Treasure House of Tea Culture" and "Tea Classics in the World" (1) have a general idea, which aptly explains the historical and practical significance of this book.

As for the date of the book "Tea Classic", there are different opinions, just like Lu Yu's date of birth.

Clouds. 1958, Professor Wan, an agricultural historian in China, wrote in the Summary of Tea Classics.

Lu Yu's Tea Classic was written after the first year of Gan Yuan (758), and has been studied a lot.

And those who talk about the Tea Classic want to put forward an exact year for Lu Yu's Tea Classic.

Generation. According to the author's rough statistics, in recent years, except for Wan Lun, the publishing age of tea classics has decreased.

In addition, there is "Shang Yuan Xin Chou"

(76 1) said, "Baoying Guimao" (763) said, "Guangde two years"

(764) said, and the first draft was written 76 1 years ago, and then it was revised for the first time.

Guangde was two years old, and the three drafts were completed in the eighth year of Dali (773).

For everyone's desire to figure out things that are unclear in history, one

I can understand everything. However, if someone says that he has read the four kinds of Tea Classics mentioned by Chen Shidao, a scholar in the Song Dynasty.

"Different versions, different contents, especially the' seven things' part, so I contacted Lu Yu to attend Yan.

Zhenqing, the editor-in-chief of the book The Source of the Mirror of the Sea Clouds, thinks that this book is a Spring of Returning to Ugliness (eight years in Dali).

Lu Yu, the masterpiece of the book, will "draw nutrition from it and supplement it to the Tea Classic" when it is compiled.

Seven things ",and make sure that this year, Lu Yu made another repair to the Book of Tea, which is purely a push.

I did it. For historical doubts, I generally advocate all countries unless we find definitive evidence.

Ding's opinion is that it is better to be thicker and live a little.

Mei, a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, pointed out: "Since Lu Yu was born, people have met."

Spring tea. "(1) In fact, the tea affair did not begin with Lu Yu, but Lu Yu's contribution to the tea industry only appeared after the book Tea Classic was handed down from generation to generation. Therefore, for Lu Yu and his Tea Classic, Ouyang Xiu is right: "The cover is a tea book from the beginning"; Lu Yu created a precedent for writing a book about tea, summed up and improved the experience and knowledge about tea into specialized knowledge, and thus established.

The earliest tea science in China and the world was introduced. Before Lu Yu, as described by Pi Rixiu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, in the old society, drinking tea was "no different from boiling, and no different from sipping". In today's oral English, drinking tea used to be as casual as cooking and drinking soup. "Biography of Lu Yu in the New Tang Dynasty" contains: Yu "wrote three classics, saying that the source, method and utensils of tea are especially prepared, and the world knows how to drink tea." That is to say, Lu Yu and his tea classics not only contributed to tea science, but also played an important role in improving tea drinking skills and promoting the development of tea production and trade. Feng Wen Jian Ji also pointed out this point: "Hung-chien talked about tea (classics), the efficacy of tea and the method of frying tea, and made twenty-four things about making tea sets. How to make tea ceremony popular? Chen Shidao in Song Dynasty said in the preface to the reissue of the Tea Classic that "I have been to Miyagi Province, to the city, to be a Man Zi outside, and to enjoy a banquet in advance; Yamazawa is a city, and businessmen start from it. In a word, under the influence and advocacy of Lu Yu and The Book of Tea, tea drinking and tea culture have further developed rapidly all over China.

Before the Sui Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty, although it was known that a few people drank tea in the north, it was still a business.

Tea and tea addiction are a unique regional cultural phenomenon in South China. Tang Zhi

After the middle generation, as Lu Yu's Tea Classics said, "Immersed in customs, thriving in the country, the two capitals (Chang 'an and Luoyang in the east) merged with Jing and Chongqing, thinking that drinking in the house was not as good as drinking"; Not only in the south, but also in the middle-earth area of Gyeonggi, its respect for tea is no different from that of China's tea town Jing and Chongqing.

"Two capitals" are cities. How about drinking tea in the northern countryside at this time? Mu Zongshi Li

Chueh-hui said, "Tea for food is no different from rice and salt. It is endowed by people, far and near. It's hard to get rid of fatigue.

Xie Su. Between the fields, the hobby is especially cut. (3) It is pointed out that at that time, not only the northern cities and towns, but also the rural areas shared the same customs with the whole country. Tea was regarded as an indispensable necessity as salt, and even the demand for tea in rural areas was more "hobby" than that in cities in some places. In some articles in the past, the author put forward that "tea, as a cultural phenomenon of the Chinese nation or our country, was formed after the Tang Dynasty". Now I still think that tea, from the earliest Bashu, to Bashu and Jingchu, and then to the south of Jianghuai, is a kind of regional or Miao culture, which is the common cultural content of the whole country and nation. It really stands by the Yellow River and is called "near and far" and "no different from salt millet", which was formed and established after the middle Tang Dynasty.

When it comes to the formation of China tea culture in Tang Dynasty, we can't help talking about it as its core.

One of the formation of tea ceremony culture. About the tea ceremony, it has the same meaning as the tea culture.

There are many statements. If we don't know which one is appropriate, we will follow our understanding for the time being.

-is to pay attention to the way of drinking tea (including material and spiritual). The word "tea ceremony"

, originated in China. Above, in the sealed performance of Feng Ji, the "big tea ceremony" has been mentioned.

; But this is not the earliest record. Judging from the existing literature, the earliest "tea ceremony"

This word may be regarded as a poem in Jiao Ran's Tea Song. Its sentence has "

Who knows that the tea ceremony is true, only Dan Qiu is so ". Feng Shiwen Ji Jian wrote in the late 8th century, and Jiao Ran wrote his poems in the middle and late 8th century. The difference between the two is more than ten or twenty years, but it is consistent that a new phenomenon of tea ceremony culture was derived and existed in the middle of Tang Dynasty at the latest in the late 8th century. In connection with the above, it is obvious that the tea ceremony in China did not appear earlier or later in this period, which is directly related to the appearance of The Book of Tea. Since the tea ceremony is a way to pay attention to drinking tea, this "Tao" is undoubtedly first reflected through certain tea drinking activities. Without tea, if you don't drink tea or don't pay attention to it, there will be no tea ceremony.

Before Lu Yu, drinking tea was the same as "sipping vegetables", and naturally it was not how to pay attention to Tao.

There is a road, not very big. Lu Yu had a good understanding of how to pick tea, make tea and cook tea through the Book of Tea.

What tea sets should be prepared before drinking tea and how to drink them should be summarized and advocated one by one.

Use, from simple epidemic prevention and treatment to quenching thirst, improve and develop into a specialized technology and

Knowledge, at this time, and only at this time, China began to pay attention to and produced a way to pay attention to drinking tea.

Then, can we talk about "the method of frying tea and making tea sets" according to Lu Yu's Tea Classic?

Twenty-four things ",because it is a big tea ceremony, I think that the tea ceremony culture originally mentioned in the middle Tang Dynasty is just

What about a tea-drinking material culture that only talks about how to cook tea and how to set utensils? I can't. Because tea ceremony culture doesn't

It is produced in isolation, and it is a secondary text that stands out on the basis of previous tea culture.

Culture is the concentrated expression of material culture and spiritual culture of tea in drinking tea. With Lu Yu's tea classics.

For example, although the word "tea ceremony" is not mentioned in the Book of Tea, as pointed out in seal cutting, there are

Tea ceremony and tea ceremony became popular only after reading the Book of Tea. So, to a certain extent, we can also

Tea Classic is considered to be the first monograph on tea ceremony in China. In the Book of Tea, in addition to talking about such things as

In addition to choosing tea, water, fire, utensils and drinking tea, it also mentioned "frugal tea" and "the most suitable person to drink". That is to say, Lu Yu and others mentioned in The Classic of Tea and Primitive Tea Ceremony that harmony, while paying attention to tea drinking methods, has a spiritual side from the beginning, and this spiritual side is not derived from other things, but only inherited from the deposition of tea culture. The Book of Tea suggests that tea is "the most suitable person to be thrifty", in other words, it requires tea drinkers to cultivate their mind and be such a person when drinking tea. Lu Yu's method of drinking tea in the Book of Tea requires people to be exquisite and frugal. If we trace back to the source, we can find the root of the tea fruit and wine represented by Huan Wen and Lu Nanchuan in the Book of Jin as "vegetarian businesses". Of course, when Lu Yu and Jiao Ran advocated the tea ceremony in the Middle Tang Dynasty, the spiritual connotation of tea ceremony culture was not only aimed at "thrifty" people, at least from Jiao Ran's point of view, "only Dan Qiu" knew the "all truth" of tea ceremony, and its content was naturally extremely rich. In the 8th century, Tea Classic, another tea book in the Tang Dynasty, summed up the characteristics of tea and tea culture: "Its essence is pure, its taste is clean, its use is interesting, its merits are harmonious, and the more people drink." It is a bit straightforward to say how to make the tea ceremony more enjoyable materially and how to cultivate one's morality spiritually.

Professor Yuki Kurazawa of the Department of International Culture of Kobe University also recently said in a preface about Japanese tea ceremony culture that "Japanese tea ceremony was born in China, and her mother was China Tea Ceremony". According to Dr. Teng Jun from the Japanese Department of Beijing Foreign Studies University, there is no problem that tea and tea culture spread from China to Japan in the "Introduction to Japanese Tea Ceremony Culture". If this time is good, the time when tea was introduced to Japan was twenty or thirty years after the emergence of the word tea ceremony and tea ceremony culture in the Tang Dynasty. China's word "tea ceremony" and its connotation were also introduced into Japan with China's tea seeds. What needs to be mentioned here is the spread of tea ceremony between China and Japan. The historical facts quoted above and Mr. Kurazawa's conclusion are so wonderful and coincidental: Japanese tea ceremony was indeed born in China, and it should be said that it is the "only child" of China tea ceremony. Tea ceremony has been continued and developed in Japan since she was married to Japan. In its native China, although the actual tea ceremony that pays attention to drinking tea has always existed, it is called "tea ceremony" in the name of tea ceremony like Japan.