The purpose of liver function examination is to detect whether there is any disease in the liver, the degree of liver damage, find out the cause of liver disease, judge the prognosis and clarify the cause of jaundice.
2, blood lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein).
Blood lipids are the general name of neutral fats (triglycerides) and lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, sterols and steroids) in plasma, which are widely present in human body. They are essential substances for the basic metabolism of living cells.
3. Fasting blood sugar.
Fasting blood glucose (GLU) refers to the blood taken before breakfast after overnight fasting (at least 8 ~ 10 hours without eating any food except drinking water). Blood sugar level is the most commonly used detection index of diabetes mellitus, which reflects the function of islet β cells and generally represents the secretion function of basic insulin.
4. Renal function (creatinine, urea nitrogen).
Renal function refers to the function of the kidney to excrete metabolic wastes in the body and maintain the stability of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and calcium and the acid-base balance.
5, uric acid.
The main product in normal urine is urea, which contains a small amount of uric acid. Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism.
6. Lactate dehydrogenase.
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) exists in almost all tissues, with the highest content in heart, skeletal muscle and kidney, followed by liver, spleen, pancreas, brain and lung.
7, creatine muscle enzyme, etc.
Creatine kinase (CK), also known as phosphocreatine kinase. The content of creatine kinase is mainly in skeletal muscle, myocardium and smooth muscle, followed by brain tissue, and less in gastrointestinal tract, lung and kidney.
Extended data:
Clinical significance
Clinical significance of determination of 1 and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT or GPT);
Elevated: common in acute and chronic hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, fatty liver, liver cirrhosis, myocardial infarction, myocarditis and biliary tract diseases.
2. Clinical significance of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST or GOT) determination;
Elevated: common in myocardial infarction, acute and chronic hepatitis, toxic hepatitis, cardiac insufficiency, dermatomyositis and so on.
3. Clinical significance of serum total protein determination;
Increase: It is common in high dehydration (such as diarrhea, vomiting, shock and high fever) and multiple myeloma.
Decrease: It is common in malignant tumor, severe pulmonary tuberculosis, nutrient absorption disorder, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, ulcerative colitis, burns, blood loss, etc.
4. Clinical significance of serum albumin determination;
Elevated: It is common that severe water loss leads to an increase in plasma concentration and albumin concentration.
Decrease: basically the same as total protein, especially liver disease and kidney disease.
5. Clinical significance of determination of serum alkaline phosphatase;
Elevated: common in liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice, acute and chronic icteric hepatitis, osteoblastoma, bone metastatic cancer and fracture recovery period. In addition, the skeletal system is active during children's growth and development, which can increase ALP.
Note: The results may be significantly different with different buffers.
6. Clinical significance of serum r- glutamyltransferase (GGT or R-GT) determination;
Elevated: common in primary or metastatic liver cancer, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, active cirrhosis, acute pancreatitis and heart failure.
7. Clinical significance of determination of serum total bilirubin;
Added: liver diseases, extrahepatic diseases, primary biliary cirrhosis, hemolytic jaundice, acute icteric hepatitis, neonatal jaundice, chronic active hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, viral hepatitis, cholelithiasis, obstructive jaundice, pancreatic head cancer, cirrhosis, and transfusion errors.
8. Clinical significance of serum direct bilirubin determination;
Increase: common in obstructive jaundice, liver cancer, pancreatic head cancer, gallstones, etc.
9, the clinical significance of serum triglyceride determination:
Increase: it can be caused by genetic and dietary factors or secondary to certain diseases, such as diabetes and nephropathy. TG value above 2.26mmol/L increased; More than 5.65mmol/L is severe hypertriglyceridemia.
Decrease: It is common in hyperthyroidism, hypoadrenocortical function, liver parenchymal lesions, primary B lipoprotein deficiency and malabsorption.
10, the clinical significance of determination of serum total cholesterol;
(1) Diagnosis and classification of hyperlipoproteinemia and abnormal lipoprotein;
(2) To judge the risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases;
(3) 3) The increase or decrease of CHO can be primary (including hereditary), nutritional factors or secondary to some diseases, such as thyroid diseases and nephropathy. When the CHO value is 5. 17-6.47mmol/L, it is the dangerous edge of atherosclerosis; 6.47-7.76mmol/L is the risk level of atherosclerosis; > 7.76 mmol/L is the high risk level of atherosclerosis; & lt3. 1 mmol/l or
1 1, the clinical significance of serum high density lipoprotein;
Increase: primary hypercholesterolemia, insulin, estrogen, exercise, drinking, etc.
Decrease: It is common in hyperlipoproteinemia, cerebral infarction, coronary atherosclerosis, chronic renal insufficiency, liver cirrhosis, diabetes, obesity, etc.
12, the clinical significance of serum low density lipoprotein determination;
Increase: Hyperlipoproteinemia.
Clinical significance of serum apolipoprotein AI determination: Apolipoprotein AI is the main structural protein of high density lipoprotein and the best index to reflect HDL level.
Decrease: it is common in hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and liver parenchymal lesions.
Clinical significance of determination of 13 and serum apolipoprotein b;
Apolipoprotein B is the structural protein of low density lipoprotein, which mainly represents the level of LDL. APOB changes more obviously than low density lipoprotein in pathological state.
Increase: common in hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and psoriasis.
Decrease: Common in liver parenchymal lesions.
Clinical significance of determination of 14 and serum creatine kinase (CK);
Elevated: myocardial infarction began to worsen in 4-6 hours, and 18-36 hours reached 20-30 times of the normal value, which was the highest peak and returned to normal in 2-4 days. In addition, viral myocarditis, dermatomyositis, muscle injury, muscular dystrophy, pericarditis, cerebrovascular accident and heart surgery can all increase CK.
Clinical significance of determination of 15 and serum creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB);
CK-MB mainly exists in myocardium, accounting for about 14% of total CK. Serum CK-MB rose before the total activity, reaching the peak in 24 hours, and its fluctuation curve was parallel to the total activity in 36 hours, and disappeared in 48 hours.
Clinical significance of determination of 16 and serum α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase;
Elevated: it is almost the same as LDH, and the high value of this enzyme in blood can reach about 2 times in acute myocardial infarction.
17 and its clinical significance;
Hyperglycemia: Some physiological factors (such as emotional stress, 65438+ 0-2 hours after meals) and intravenous epinephrine can cause hyperglycemia. Pathological increase is common in various diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, myocardial infarction, acromegaly and some endocrine diseases.
Such as hyperthyroidism, eosinophilic adenoma of anterior pituitary, basophilic hyperfunction of anterior pituitary and adrenal hyperfunction. Intracranial hemorrhage, craniocerebral trauma, etc. It can also lead to an increase in blood sugar.
Hypoglycemia: abnormal glucose metabolism, islet cell tumor, pancreatic tumor, severe liver disease, neonatal hypoglycemia, pregnancy, breastfeeding, etc. Can cause hypoglycemia.
18, the clinical significance of serum urea determination;
Rise: It can be roughly divided into three stages.
When the concentration is 8.2- 17.9mmol/L, urea overproduction is common (such as high protein diet, diabetes, severe liver disease, high fever, etc. ) or urea has diarrhea disorder (such as mild renal insufficiency, hypertension, gout, multiple myeloma, urinary tract obstruction, postoperative anuria, etc. ).
When the concentration is 17.9-35.7mmol/L, it is common in pre-uremia, liver cirrhosis, bladder tumor and so on. The concentration is above 35.7mmol/L, which is common in severe renal failure and uremia.
19 and the clinical significance of serum creatinine (CREA);
Elevated: common in severe renal insufficiency, various renal diseases, acromegaly, etc.
Decrease: common in decreased muscle mass (such as malnutrition, the elderly) and polyuria.
20, serum uric acid (UA) determination of clinical significance:
Elevated: common in gout, eclampsia, leukemia, polycythemia, multiple myeloma, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, severe liver disease, lead and chloroform poisoning, etc.
Decrease: It is common after treatment with drugs such as pernicious anemia, celiac disease and adrenocortical hormone.
Clinical significance of determination of 2 1 and blood ammonia;
Elevated: severe liver damage, > 1 17.8umol/L, hepatic coma. Before hepatic coma, sexually active hepatitis and acute viral hepatitis often increase, and it is the highest when hepatic coma occurs.
Decline: Long-term low-protein diet.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Complete Biochemical Examination