Precautions after operation:
Whether the surgical treatment can achieve the expected effect depends on not only the correct surgical plan and fine surgical operation, but also the active treatment and nursing after operation and proper and serious wound treatment. After operation, patients should cooperate with medical staff to prevent postoperative complications and adverse consequences.
1, keep a good posture after operation.
After the operation, patients with minor or moderate surgery will be sent back to the original ward, while patients with major or critical surgery will be sent to the postoperative ward (intensive care unit or observation room). Patients under general anesthesia, who are not awake at this time, should lie flat, do not use pillows, and tilt their heads to one side to prevent respiratory tract infection caused by saliva or vomit inhalation. Patients with epidural anesthesia or spinal anesthesia should lie flat for 6 ~ 12 hours after operation to prevent postoperative headache. After neck, chest and abdomen surgery, people often take a semi-sitting or semi-lying posture. Patients after spinal surgery should sleep on a hard bed. After limb surgery, the patient must raise the surgical limb or carry out traction.
2. Assist medical staff to observe temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure.
If you feel unwell, feverish, and your heart beats faster, you should report to the doctor and nurse. Here I want to tell you a little common sense. Within 3 ~ 5 days after operation, the body temperature is often around 38℃, which is inevitable. This is called postoperative reaction heat or absorption heat, so you don't have to be nervous about it.
3. Strengthen diet coordination. Strengthening nutrition after operation is conducive to physical recovery.
After general surgery, you can eat, and patients after abdominal surgery can only enter liquid food after intestinal peristalsis is restored and empty gongs (that is, fart) are produced. Patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery should first undergo gastrointestinal decompression, and at the same time, they should fast. After stopping gastrointestinal decompression, they can eat liquid food and then slowly return to normal diet. After major surgery or general anesthesia surgery, most patients have short-term digestive dysfunction, do not want to eat, or even nausea and vomiting, and can ask for infusion. In severe cases, the doctor will insert a stomach tube and inject liquid food through the stomach tube.
4. Assist medical staff in strict postoperative wound management.
Don't move, don't uncover the gauze covering the wound at will, and don't touch the wound with your hands or wash it with water. Keep the wound clean and dry. If you accidentally wet or pollute the gauze, please ask a doctor and nurse to replace it to prevent the incision from infection and suppuration. If you find redness or bleeding around the wound, you should tell the doctors and nurses in time and try to give timely and proper treatment.
5. Early postoperative activities.
According to the size of the operation and the postoperative situation, get out of bed as early as possible with the permission of the doctor. This is very beneficial to increase breathing depth, promote blood circulation, restore gastrointestinal function and stimulate appetite. It also plays an active role in preventing complications and promoting wound healing. Such as abdominal surgery, generally 2 ~ 3 days after surgery, you should get out of bed or do bed exercises properly to prevent abdominal distension and intestinal adhesion. Patients with excessive phlegm should turn over and press the wound with their hands to help cough and expectoration and prevent lung infection. Obese patients should move their limbs more to prevent venous thrombosis.
6, master the best time to take out stitches.
The time of incision suture removal after operation depends on the different surgical sites. General surgery, suture removal 5 ~ 7 days after operation; The suture removal time of lower abdomen and perineum operation is appropriately prolonged; Remove stitches 7 ~ 9 days after upper abdomen, chest, back and buttocks surgery; It is more appropriate to take out stitches 10 ~ 12 days after limb surgery and 14 days after joint surgery. Full-thickness skin transplantation, suture removal 12 ~ 14 days after operation. Old, weak, anemia or complications, should be appropriately extended suture removal time.
7. Other precautions.
Some patients are not used to urinating in bed after operation, or they can't urinate because of dysuria after spinal anesthesia. Therefore, people who need to stay in bed for a long time after surgery should practice bedridden urination before surgery. If the condition permits, the patient can be assisted to urinate by sitting up, kneeling or standing, or by abdominal hot compress and silver needle. If the above measures are ineffective, and you still can't urinate after 8 ~ 12 hours, you should ask for catheterization. All kinds of catheters carried with you after operation should be kept unobstructed to prevent the catheter from folding, blocking or falling off. Postoperative body resistance is relatively low, so we should pay attention to keep warm to prevent colds. Outpatient surgery patients should take a short rest in the outpatient clinic after operation, ask the doctor about the time of follow-up, dressing change and stitches removal, and go to the hospital for follow-up treatment on time. After leaving the hospital, if you find that the operation mouth is cracked, bleeding or severe pain after taking out stitches, you should go to the hospital for examination and treatment immediately.