In the past, Lisu people had animistic nature worship, and all traditional festivals were closely related to religious ceremonies. Lisu people determine solar terms by observing phenological changes. The biggest folk festival is the annual Kuosh Festival. During the Chinese New Year holiday, we also ate new year's goods, ate them and brewed water wine. In order to pray for a bumper harvest, every household should hang a part of the first-ripe glutinous rice or waxy corn on a tree as a sacrifice, and give a small bowl to the dog to eat, because this is a folk legend that dogs bring grain to the world; In some places, cows should be fed at the first time to thank them for helping humans reclaim land. On New Year's Day, the whole family eats and drinks together, with one heart. Lisu people in Nujiang area have the habit of spring bath. At that time, most young men and women would take luggage, food and tableware to take a bath in the hot springs. Three days before and after the long summer, the Lanxiu River of Lijiang River will become turbid. It is said that it contains a lot of minerals and can treat stomach diseases. Cooking rice with Lan Xiu River will be red, fragrant and delicious. There will also be a steam bath, which can cure rheumatism. During the bath, everyone had a picnic together, which was a large-scale rural hunting picnic of Lisu people. Lisu people also celebrate the Harvest Festival, which is mostly held in September and October of the lunar calendar every year. The biggest activity of the Harvest Festival is to make wine and taste new things. Some people even go directly to the fields to make wine while harvesting, accompanied by singing and dancing, and often stay up all night and enjoy themselves.

Lisu people always slaughter sheep (or cows) and pigs for banquets at weddings and funerals. When young men and women hold a wedding, both men and women should hold a banquet. When the woman comes to the door of the man's house, the man will also hold a banquet at the door and invite the accompanying guests to drink. After the wedding, the bride and groom should exchange bowls and chopsticks to show mutual respect and love in the future. When treating guests, no matter pork, mutton (or beef), they are willing to put them in the pot to cook. If you have guests, you should be a suckling pig, especially a piglet who has just been weaned for two months. Guests should eat their own dishes. When eating, the host and guests sit on the floor, share the meat and take the rest away. Some Lisu people in Fugong often put walnuts, ginger, peppers, garlic and so on. Put it in a bamboo tube and put it in a wooden bowl with salt to entertain guests. The hospitality drinking of Lisu nationality is the most national characteristic. When drinking, two people * * * carry a bowl of wine, hug each other's neck and shoulders, and open their mouths together, so that the wine flows into the host and guest's mouth at the same time, which is called "concentric wine", which is often used when close relatives and close friends meet.

Typical foods include lacquer oil wine, boiled pigs with clear water, pearl porridge with pig's trotters, etc. Lisu people mainly live in Yunnan Province in the south of China. Most people live in the mountainous areas on both sides of the Nujiang River, and food can only be planted on steep slopes. There is no flat dam, so there are few paddy fields Only in the slightly flat places on both sides of the Nujiang River can terraces be opened and rice planted. The mountainous area is only suitable for planting corn, buckwheat and a small amount of chicken feet.

It is precisely because of this geographical condition that rice production is extremely low and the cost is high, and ordinary families rarely eat rice. Even if the family life is relatively rich, you can only eat a little on holidays or when entertaining guests.

A few people living in the valley area take rice as the staple food, supplemented by corn, potatoes and other miscellaneous grains. Taro is a kind of food that Lisu people prefer to eat, and it can also be eaten as a meal, so every household grows taro.

Lisu people usually have two meals and one food. I'm still used to one-pot cooking, that is, when cooking, I put the rice in the pot and change the water twice. When the rice is almost cooked, I add vegetables and cabbage until the vegetables are rotten. Usually, dishes are rarely cooked alone. After the porridge is cooked, the whole family will dine around the fireplace. Rice used for porridge usually includes corn and buckwheat. Due to the lack of rice cultivation, rice is only used to cook porridge during festivals or when receiving guests.

Lisu people living in Lijiang like to eat rice with steamed buns. The so-called cloudy corn refers to the corn package that has just matured in autumn. After the leaves are wrapped, blanch them with boiling water and keep them in the shade. When eating, grind off the corn kernels, remove the epidermis with a wooden shovel, add green beans, pig heads or pork chops, and cook over low heat for a good meal. Most Lisu people like popcorn.

The meat sources of Lisu people are pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, muntjac, rock sheep, mountain donkeys, bison, rabbits, pheasants and fish in the river. Meat is mostly salted and barbecued in a fire pit.

Barbecue meat is a traditional way for Lisu people to eat. You can eat pork, beef, chicken and fish. This way of eating is delicious and crisp. This is due to the long-term hunting and mining dietary characteristics of this nation. But Lisu people don't eat buffalo, dogs, cats and horse meat.

Common vegetables are green vegetables, Chinese cabbage, radish, taro and various melons and potatoes, supplemented by fruits such as oranges, peaches and pears. Because the local area is rich in lacquer oil, all the dishes are cooked with lacquer oil. Such as fried chicken with lacquer oil, stewed chicken with lacquer oil, boiled eggs with lacquer oil liqueur, etc. Lacquer oil boiled sweet wine is considered to be the first-class food for pregnant women to tonify deficiency.

Every Lisu family keeps bees, ranging from 4 to 5 groups to 10 groups. Every autumn, every family makes wine. In addition to corn and sorghum, barnyard grass is also a raw material, and barnyard grass wine is the best. When brewing wine, mash the raw materials, boil them, put them in a jar and seal them. /kloc-After 0/0 days, the wine can be opened for drinking. Light and mellow, it has the effect of quenching thirst and refreshing.

Lisu people like to drink a kind of hemp seed tea. When making hemp seed tea, first put hemp seed in a pot and bake it with low fire, then mash it and boil it in boiling water for 6-7 minutes, then take out the residue and cook it with salt or sugar. Hemp seed tea is white, and drinking more can be as intoxicating as drinking. Influenced by the local Tibetan lifestyle, Lisu people in Gongshan also have the habit of drinking butter tea. There are many festivals of Lisu nationality, among which there are wide season, Xinmi Festival, Knife and Pole Festival, Torch Festival, Harvest Festival, Bathhouse Festival, Lage Festival and crossbow shooting meeting. "Guangji", also known as "Hejie". "Kuanshi" is a translation of Jiao Yin, which means "the beginning of a year" and "New Year". This is the biggest traditional festival of Lisu people. Previous dates were determined by observing phenology, so there was no unified festival in various places. Generally, it is held from the end of February to the second year of the Gregorian calendar 1 year.

199365438+February, the People's Government of Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province decided that February 20-22 every year1993 is the season to enrich the people, so that Lisu compatriots all over the country can welcome the Spring Festival and celebrate the festival together. During the festival, we usually brew water wine, kill chickens and pigs, and prepare all kinds of rich food. Just like the men at home, pick a few pine branches and fold them up and insert them at the door, so that you can get rid of illness and be happy and auspicious. Like the custom of Han nationality, we should have a reunion dinner on New Year's Eve. Even if someone is out of town, his family should set aside a seat for him and set the chopsticks. In some places, starting from New Year's Eve, it is forbidden to go to other people's homes, and even separated fathers and sons can't communicate. The restriction was not lifted until after the third grade. In most places, from the first grade, people gather in the threshing floor or open space to carry out colorful cultural and recreational activities, such as singing, dancing, swinging and crossbow shooting competitions.

Some Lisu compatriots in Nujiang area will also go to Denggeng Bathhouse in Lushui County to participate in the "Bathhouse Song Contest". Interestingly, in the rich season, the first piece of Baba produced by Lisu compatriots will be given to dogs first. It is said that this is to thank the dog for "bringing food to the world". There are many legends about dogs and food among Lisu people. For example, one of them said that ancient humans wasted an amazing amount of food. When the gods knew it, they were furious and ordered all the food to be taken back to heaven. Humans are facing extinction. At this critical moment, a dog climbed up the Temple of Heaven along the pole, stole the grain seeds and saved mankind.

The Knife and Pole Festival was held on February 8th in the Lisu lunar calendar, which is said to commemorate an ancient Han hero who showed great kindness to the Lisu people. Lisu people regard the memorial day of the hero's dedication as a traditional festival of their own nation, and express their feelings of going through fire and water with symbolic ceremonies such as going up the mountain and going down the sea of fire. On the day of Knife and Stick Festival, several strong men first performed the ceremony of "jumping into the fire". They jumped barefoot into the red-hot coal and performed various stunts. The next day, they tied 36 long knives with sharp blades up to two wooden frames more than 20 meters high, forming a knife ladder. The performer climbed to the top of the pole with bare hands and feet, and performed various difficult movements on the top of the pole. Nowadays, this thrilling traditional memorial ceremony has evolved into a sports activity in which Lisu heroes perform stunts.

"Bath Song Festival", also known as "Spring Bath Festival", is also a traditional festival activity of Lisu people. It is now held in the first month of the charming new year. Denggeng, Mazhang River and other hot springs located more than 0/0 km north of Liuku, the capital of Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture. At that time, people in neighboring counties and districts will be dressed in costumes. People carrying dry food, luggage and even cooking utensils came in droves. Usually quiet hot springs, tents are everywhere at this time, people are crowded, singing and laughing, so lively. In the past, the spring bath festival, which centered on bathing and treating diseases, has now become a holiday for people to take vacations, sing and dance. In particular, young people in their prime, dozens and hundreds of them, play poetry and find a loving partner, staying up all night and enjoying it. Lisu people used to believe in primitive religion, nature and animism. At the beginning of the 20th century, some western missionaries entered Dehong and Nujiang areas and introduced Christianity and Catholicism.

1950 years ago, Lisu people used the natural calendar to divide a year into 10 seasonal months with the help of bloom and birdsong: bloom month, birdsong month, volcano burning month, hunger month, gathering month, harvest month, wine-making month, hunting month, Chinese New Year month and building month. The main festivals are bathhouse party, Harvest Festival and Spring Festival. The Lisu people in Tengchong, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture celebrate the "Knife and Pole Festival" every year on the eighth day of the second lunar month. The activity is divided into two days. On the first day, I burned a lot of coal with chestnut wood. At the beginning of the performance, five people jumped out, danced barefoot around the charcoal fire, and then "struck a light and rolled", that is, rolled on the charcoal fire; "Wash your face with fire" means to lift your face with charcoal; Finally, the chain burned in charcoal goes around in your hand, called "zipper", and people dance together after the performance. The next day, when I arrived at Daoshan, I tied 32 sharpened long knives horizontally to two four-foot thick chestnut poles, forming a ladder shape with red flags and firecrackers hanging on it, and began to perform in the sound of firecrackers and gongs and drums. According to the traditional custom of Lisu people, building a house must be completed in one day, otherwise it is considered unlucky. In order to ensure that the house can be built in one day, the owner must rely on the cooperation of family, relatives and village neighbors, which is called "tile claw" in Chinese. A few days before the house is built, the owner will inform all relatives and friends. Pack up all kinds of building materials in advance, and then let the wizard choose an auspicious day. At that time, all invited relatives and neighbors will work together to finish it in one day. The host treats relatives and friends who help each other according to their own economic situation.

In some places, the housing construction is relatively simple, and they are basically small bamboo buildings. People who live upstairs are generally divided into two compartments with bamboo fences, and there are fire pits in the center of both rooms to prepare tripods for cooking and heating. At night, the whole family sleeps around the fire pit, where fires are built all year round. When the guests came, the host gave the fireplace to the guests. Bamboo house is generally used for cattle, pigs and other animals. Bamboo house is surrounded by gardens with fruits and vegetables.

This kind of bamboo building of Lisu nationality is simple and practical. It is moisture-proof and animal-proof, and easy to move and build. A new bamboo building will be built within one day, otherwise it will be considered unlucky. When building, use local materials and help the whole village. Once the hsinchu building is completed. "The men, women and children in the village came to congratulate them. The host also treated everyone politely, put on all kinds of food, filled with water and wine to thank everyone, and all the men, women and children in the village enjoyed drinking, singing and dancing.

For Lisu people in Lijiang and other places, buildings are mostly all-wood buildings, and chimneys are made of square wood about one or two feet long; It is covered with boards. At the same time, due to the influence of other ethnic groups, a few Lisu people also build houses with civil and brick-wood structures.