Adolescents' sexual health knowledge: the body shape changed significantly (1), and the height, weight and chest circumference increased significantly.
In the stage of sudden height increase, the growth and development of all parts of the human body are asynchronous, such as the upper and lower limbs growing faster than the spine. Even after the human body is fully mature, the weight is still increasing, which is closely related to the growth of bones, muscles and fat. In appearance, on average, men are taller and heavier than women; Male Adam's apple is prominent, and female neck is round and flat; Male shoulders are wide and female shoulders are narrow; Male chest muscles are thick and female breasts are plump; Male iliac bone is narrow and female iliac bone is wide; Male shoulder width is wider than ilium, and female ilium width is wider than shoulder width; Men have well-developed musculoskeletal structures, and sometimes they can see spindle angles, while women have fat deposits, often showing curves. So young women look plump and young men look strong.
(2) The function of all tissues and organs in the whole body gradually improved.
Various systems and internal organs of the body develop rapidly, and their physiological functions are enhanced and their efficiency is improved. For example, the heart development has reached 12 ~ 14 times of that at birth, and its weight and function are close to the adult standard. The lung function is obviously improved, and the respiratory ability of the lung is increased. The vital capacity is about 1.400 ml in teenagers, and it increases to 2000-2500 ml at the age of 14 ~ 15, and to 4800 ml at the age of 22. Although the development of the brain has not changed much in weight and capacity, the neural structure of the brain has gradually developed to be basically close to that of adults. The function of nerve transmitting information should be improved by 8 ~ 10 times, so the thinking ability is active and the reaction ability to things is improved; Strong curiosity, accurate coordination of various fine movements; Reasoning and analysis ability and memory have been enhanced. People's hematopoietic function and immune function have doubled.
Adolescent sexual health knowledge: The emergence of secondary sexual characteristics is due to the differences between men and women, which was decided at the moment of conception and developed in the fetal period. After the newborn is born, it can distinguish the different characteristics of men and women from the appearance of genitals, which is medically called? The first characteristic? . The second personality characteristic is the body shape difference that shows the gender difference between men and women except genitalia. Secondary sexual characteristics? . Due to the differences in geography, environment, heredity, nutrition and other factors, there are individual differences in secondary sexual characteristics.
Adolescent sexual health knowledge: people with rapidly developed reproductive organs distinguish between men and women after birth because of the identification of external genitalia. However, at that time men had testicles and women had ovaries. Testicles and ovaries are important organs for sexual development of adolescent men and women. They can not only secrete sperm and eggs, but also secrete their own sex hormones. Only the secretion of sex hormones can improve their sexual characteristics and sexual function.
(A) the anatomy and physiology of male reproductive organs
Male genitalia is divided into external genitalia and internal genitalia. The external genitalia includes penis, urethra and scrotum, and the internal genitalia includes testis and vas deferens. The vas deferens are divided into epididymis, vas deferens and accessory glands (seminal vesicle gland, prostate gland and urethral ball gland).
1, penis It is a sexual organ used by men to urinate and ejaculate.
2, scrotum. The scrotum contains two testicles, left and right, separated by the scrotum. The temperature change of scrotum is very sensitive. When it is cold, the scrotum contracts, and the inside of the testis is raised, which is close to the body temperature. When heated, the scrotum relaxes and the heat dissipation area expands. This change is very important to regulate the temperature of testis, which is the need of normal development and survival of sperm.
3, testicles. Male gonad is an organ that produces sperm and secretes androgen (testosterone). Testicles are oval, and epididymis is attached to the top of each testis.
4, vas deferens. Epididymis, vas deferens and three accessory glands. Epididymis is used to store sperm. It can also promote sperm to continue to mature. The tail of epididymis is connected with vas deferens and seminal vesicle, and the seminal vesicle is connected with ejaculatory duct, which passes through prostate and connects with urethra. The fluids secreted by seminal vesicle gland, prostate gland and urethral ball gland meet to form semen.
(2) Anatomy and physiology of female reproductive organs
Female reproductive organs are divided into external genitalia and internal genitalia. External genitalia (also known as vulva) includes pubic mound, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibular gland, urethral orifice, hymen and so on. Internal genitalia include vagina, uterus, fallopian tube and ovary.
Yin Fu 1. In the vulva before pubic symphysis, after puberty, subcutaneous fat thickens and pubic hair gradually grows.
2, labia majora. Below the pubic mound, a pair of raised skin wrinkles are located on both sides of the vulva. The labia majora is closed at the midline, covering the labia minora, vaginal orifice and urethral orifice for protection.
3, labia minora. It is a pair of wrinkled skin walls located inside the labia majora. Thin and soft, without subcutaneous fat, rich in sebaceous glands and sweat glands, and moist on the surface. The labia minora of adolescent girls is closed, which plays a role in protecting vagina and internal genitalia and is a part of the natural defense function of female vulva.
4. clitoris. Located at the intersection in front of the labia minora on both sides, it is a small cylinder and is a sensitive area of sex.
5. Vestibular gland (papillary gland). Invisible to the outside, it is located on both sides of the vagina and opens on the inside of the labia minora. Vestibular gland is equivalent to male urethral gland, which can secrete a small amount of liquid to lubricate vagina.
6. Hymen. It is a thin layer of mucous membrane covering the vaginal opening, with a hole in the middle, from which women's menstrual blood flows every month.
7. vagina It is a cylindrical tube between the external genitalia and the uterus. Women's menstruation flows from this pipe, and the mucus secreted by the vagina is often mixed with the cells shed from the vaginal wall? Leucorrhea
8, the uterus. It is a thick-walled organ with a cavity, shaped like an upside-down pear. The left and right sides above the uterus are connected with the fallopian tube, which is the opening of the fallopian tube. The lower end of the uterus is called the cervix, and the cervix communicates with the vagina. After a girl's puberty, the endometrium will fall off once a month to form menstruation. Speaking of being a mother, the uterus is where the fetus grows.
9, fallopian tube. It is a pair of slender and curved tubular organs, which are located on both sides of the uterus and open to the abdominal cavity.
10, ovary. It is a female gonad, and it is an organ that produces eggs and secretes sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone). It is located under the fallopian tubes on both sides of the uterus and presents a pair of flat ellipsoids. There are actually tens of thousands of eggs in women's ovaries, but only about 400 eggs are discharged during the whole growth period.
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