After World War II, the rapid development of science and technology turned modern wars into high-tech wars. Modern warfare will do more harm to human life and health and damage to the ecological environment than conventional warfare in the past.
Mushroom clouds over Hiroshima
1945 At 2: 45 a.m. on August 6, at this moment worthy of historical meditation, three large American B-29 bombers took off from Tianning Island in the Pacific Ocean and flew to Japan 3,200 kilometers away. One of the planes was carrying a "distinguished guest", that is, a "little boy".
The "little boy" is as black as a whale, beautifully dressed, 3.05 meters tall and 0.7 meters in diameter. He is an overweight guy, weighing 4 tons. This is the world-famous atomic bomb in the future. It is composed of nuclear-loaded uranium -235. This is the first time that "distinguished guests" travel by air.
The plane flew into the morning in the twinkling starry sky. "Target Hiroshima"! The navigator repeated the captain's orders.
Hiroshima, located on the southeast coast of Honshu Island, Japan, was the eighth largest city in Japan at that time with a population of 360,000. The war has dispersed 65,438+200,000 people to the countryside. Although Hiroshima is the headquarters of the Second Japanese Army and an important military port, the city has not been destroyed by the war. A few days ago, American planes dropped leaflets saying that Japan must surrender, or Hiroshima would be destroyed like other cities in Japan. However, the citizens ignored this point.
On the plane carrying the "little boy", the crew put on bulletproof vests and the bomber put his eyes on the sight. At 9: 15, the aiming point enters the crosshair center of the sight. The bomb door opened automatically and the slender bomb swooped down. The "little boy" dropped the weight of the plane by more than 4 tons and the fuselage suddenly jumped up. The pilot controlled the plane to make a sharp turn of 150 degrees and immediately accelerated out of the explosion zone. All the crew members put on goggles. At the same time, three parachutes flew out of another plane, under which were some test instruments.
The sky and ground in Hiroshima are very calm. People who saw three parachutes thought that the enemy plane was shot and the pilot parachuted to escape. At this time, most Japanese people are still very confident. However, a flash of light suddenly appeared in the sky, and people who saw it could not tell what color it was. At this time, almost all the clocks in Hiroshima stopped, and the hands were at 9: 00, 15.
The atomic bomb exploded at an altitude of 600 meters above the ground, forming a huge fireball. The change of heat generated by the fireball made a thick smoke instantly emitted within one kilometer of the explosion center.
The powerful shock wave stirred the atmosphere over Hiroshima. The rapidly rising atomic cloud column brings water vapor, which condenses into raindrops at high altitude and mixes with radioactive pollution dust. It began to rain in the sky, and the raindrops fell on the charred skin ... The once prosperous and vibrant city with hundreds of thousands of people is now devastated and in ruins.
This is the disaster caused by the "Little Boy" atomic bomb, with more than 200,000 casualties, nearly 60,000 houses destroyed and 12 square kilometers of land affected.
Shortly after the atomic bomb exploded in Hiroshima,1August 9, 945, another atomic bomb named "Fat Man" landed in Nagasaki, Japan, repeating the disaster in Hiroshima.
Terrible chemical weapons
199 1 during the gulf war, when some frontline reporters asked the soldiers of multinational forces, especially American soldiers, what weapons they were most afraid of, the reporter got the answer: "They are not afraid of planes, artillery and mines, but most afraid of Iraq's chemical warfare with chemical weapons."
The early name of chemical warfare was gas warfare, also known as gas warfare. In World War I, when the Allies and Allies fought fiercely in ypres, Belgium, the Allies first used poison gas. Yes1965438+April 22nd, 2005. The battlefield ahead was suddenly silent. Germany suddenly stopped shelling, and French soldiers were able to get out of the dark trenches, intending to take a few breaths of fresh air and stretch their tired bodies. The people who came out suddenly found clouds of yellow-green smoke rising from the German position. With the evening breeze, the high clouds slowly blew to the French position of the allied forces. No one knows what happened.
When the chlorine smoke came like a flood, a large group of soldiers were quickly blinded by the smoke, their noses were choked and their throats seemed to be scorched by something. Many soldiers rolled on the ground, while others ran around screaming with their eyes closed. An officer scratched his neck painfully. Soldiers can't find their superiors, officers can't find their subordinates, health guards can't take care of themselves for a few minutes, and the positions for several kilometers are shrouded in terror. Allied forces retreated across the board, 1000 people were poisoned, and the Germans advanced for several kilometers. This is the first poisonous gas war that shocked the world and opened the curtain of modern chemical warfare. This tangible battlefield and silent killing tragedy have left extremely painful memories for human history.
Chemical weapons have five characteristics: First, the cost is low. It has been calculated that within the range of 1 km2, it costs US$ 2,000 to kill people, US$ 800 to use conventional weapons such as guns, and US$ 600 to use chemical weapons. Second, chemical weapons have convenient sources of raw materials and relatively simple manufacturing. As long as there is a certain industrial base in pesticides and petrochemicals, it can be produced. Some raw materials or intermediates of chemical agents can even be bought from the market, unlike atomic bombs, which do not need special materials and specialized technology; Third, chemical weapons have great lethality, such as the contemporary nerve agent Viax, which can cause death as long as it is ingested by dozens of micrograms (that is, a few percent of 1 mg); Fourth, chemical weapons have many ways of killing and are difficult to protect, so special clothes and masks must be used; Fifth, although chemical weapons are powerful, they will not destroy materials and equipment.
It is precisely because chemical weapons are weapons of mass destruction that people have been making unremitting efforts to ban this cruel killing weapon for many years. The Geneva Protocol of 1925 is like waste paper in the eyes of some countries, and people have been working hard for the new treaty for decades. 1993 65438+ 10, the new chemical weapons convention was signed in Paris. How people hope that this weapon of mass destruction will be abandoned after the treaty comes into force!
A chilling biological weapon
During World War II, during 1940- 1944, Japanese bacterial weapons caused plague epidemics in Changde, Hunan and Ningbo, Zhejiang. Causing plague and cholera on the northeast coast. The germ warfare forces of Harbin 73 1, Changchun 100, Guangzhou Bozi 8604 and Nanjing Zi Rong 1644 all committed heinous crimes against the people of China.
During the period of 1952, the United States repeatedly spread Yersinia pestis, cholera and encephalitis virus in north Korea and Changhai County in northeast China in an attempt to cause epidemic areas and paralyze our rear.
Many people know about bacterial weapons. They can not only tell you about the harm of bacteria, but also tell you about the four major players who spread these bacteria, namely lice, fleas, mosquitoes and flies. Especially the old people in the three northeastern provinces, when they mention the crime of Japanese militarism invading China, they will angrily talk about the bungalows in Harbin in Northeast China, Japan's 73 1 germ warfare unit, and the infamous Shiro Ishii. But when it comes to biological weapons, they feel strange because the term biological weapons has only been said in recent years.
In the field of biological warfare, there is now a new project, that is, genetic weapons.
Although the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Prohibition of the Trial Production, Production and Destruction of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons in 1972. 1975, the United Nations once again passed the resolution of "banning the use of chemical and biological weapons", but the United States followed closely and desperately developed new biological weapons. According to some data, during the period of1971-1979, the United States spent more than 1000 million dollars on the research of biological warfare agents every year. A genetic weapon developed by the United States is made by inoculating anthrax gene into the DNA molecule of Escherichia coli. It only takes 20 grams of thermotoxic genetic weapons to kill 6 billion people at one time. Both American and Russian armies are equipped with weapons to launch biological warfare agents. This should attract the attention of peace-loving people all over the world.
199 1 After the Gulf War, many veterans developed a series of symptoms, such as dizziness, vomiting, fatigue, headache, rash, memory loss, joint swelling, depression and inattention.
For thousands of years, there have been more than 6.5438+0.5 million recorded wars, which directly or indirectly caused 3.5 billion deaths. In the past 100 years alone, the economic losses caused by the war in the world exceeded $5 trillion. This war not only caused great losses to innocent people's lives and property, but also caused serious environmental pollution.
"Zero casualties" is not zero.
"Zero casualties" is the goal pursued by the initiators of recent local wars. They tried to achieve their "zero casualties". However, despite their advantages in high-tech weapons and equipment, "zero casualties" has not become a reality. It has caused great and painful casualties to civilians in combat areas.
199 1 year, 2278 Iraqi civilians died directly in the war, and more than 654.38+million people died indirectly in the war, not to mention hundreds of thousands of refugees were displaced, and the overall economic level of Iraq was retrogressed for 30 years.
The Kosovo war killed more than 2,000 civilians, injured more than 6,000 civilians, and there are nearly one million refugees in Yugoslavia. In the war in Afghanistan, 3,767 civilians were killed and 300,000 refugees appeared.
In the Iraq war that broke out in the first half of this year, American warplanes dropped more than 28,000 bombs. According to the US Department of Defense, more than 65,438+0,000 Iraqi civilians were killed. The Associated Press said that at least 3,240 civilians were killed and about 8,000 people were injured. According to relevant scholars, more than 1 10,000 civilians may have died during the whole war. There are many women and children among the dead. For example, at a highway checkpoint near Karbala, US troops opened fire on an escaping truck, killing two women and five children. When the soldiers went to check it out, a surviving woman still clung to her two murdered children.
"Precision strike" is not accurate.
The initiators of the war have repeatedly boasted that their weapons can carry out "precise strikes." However, a large number of civilian casualties strongly countered this lie.
1999 April 12, NATO's "Precision Strike" weapons hit an international train from Belgrade to Soren, Greece, causing 10 deaths and 16 injuries. In early May, the U.S. military dropped a cluster bomb on a vegetable market in Nish, and the building collapsed immediately, causing rivers of blood. NATO bombed many villages, bridges, refugee convoys, schools, hospitals and even the Embassy of China in Yugoslavia.
In the war in Afghanistan, a large number of civilians were also killed by "precision strikes". Where hundreds of sophisticated cruise missiles and tens of thousands of tons of high-performance bombs fell, ordinary Afghans suffered the tragic fate of family destruction and death. 200110/On 23 October, in a village 60 kilometers northeast of Kandahar, more than 40 Afghans were killed, including one 18. 200 1 12 On February 20th, US warplanes bombed the motorcade of some tribal elders and local government officials around Khost, Paktia province, killing 65 people. These people should have gone to Kabul, the capital, to attend the inauguration ceremony of the interim government.
During the Iraq war, American troops killed many civilians while crossing a bridge over the Diana River. An old man walking on the road with a cane was shot several times in a row. A woman who was killed, her luggage was scattered around her. Her home in Baghdad was bombed. She tried to escape from the city with her relatives, but she was killed in this way.
A "clean war" is not clean.
There are still people in the western military circles who advocate that the recent high-tech war is a "clean war", which is even more a big lie. Because a large number of special weapons, especially depleted uranium bombs and other weapons with harmful radiation effects have been put into the battlefield, the war not only directly caused casualties among civilians in the war zone, but also polluted the local ecological environment.
The results of sampling test show that the pollution of depleted uranium bombs in these wars is more harmful to local residents and the environment than the allowable dose 1000 times. During the Gulf War, the US military fired hundreds of thousands of depleted uranium bombs into Iraq, and the total amount of depleted uranium reached 3 15 tons. After the war, the number of Iraqis, especially children, suffering from various strange radiation diseases increased greatly, and the number of cancer patients increased sharply. The cancer mortality rate of children increased by 7.2 times compared with that before the war. 1800 newborns born from August, 1999 to August, 1999 10, including 10 newborns without brain tissue, 8 hydrocephalus and 6 limb deformities. This figure seriously exceeds the normal proportion of one in ten thousand newborns.
The extensive use of depleted uranium bombs not only brought great disaster to the attacked party, but also damaged the health of users of depleted uranium bombs. The "Gulf War Syndrome" and "Balkan Syndrome" obtained by many officers and men who participated in these wars are proof.
According to incomplete statistics, the First World War lasted four years and three months, with 33 countries and a population of more than 654.38+0.5 billion. The two sides of the war mobilized 65.4 million troops, with more than 30 million casualties, direct war costs of 654.38+0863 billion dollars and property losses of 330 billion dollars.
The Second World War lasted for six years, and more than 60 countries and regions participated in the war successively, affecting 2 billion people. The two sides of the war mobilized 1. 1 100 million troops, more than 70 million soldiers and civilians died, property losses reached 4 trillion US dollars, and direct war costs135.2 million US dollars.
The Vietnam War, which lasted 14 years, was the longest and most intense large-scale local war after the Second World War. During the war, 6,543,800 people died in Vietnam, and more than 6,543,800 people became refugees. 57,000 people died and more than 300,000 people were injured in the United States; The war cost more than 200 billion dollars.
The Iran-Iraq war lasted for nearly eight years. Iran suffered more than 600,000 casualties and Iraq suffered more than 400,000 casualties. There are more than 3 million homeless refugees in both countries. The sharp drop in oil revenue and the damage to production facilities in both countries exceeded $540 billion. The total losses of the two countries in this war amounted to 900 billion dollars. The war has delayed the economic development plans of the two countries for at least 20 to 30 years.
The Gulf War lasted 42 days. 286 Americans were killed, 3,636 wounded and 55 captured or missing. The armies of other countries also suffered slight losses. On the Iraqi side, there were nearly 654.38 million casualties and 86,000 prisoners. Kuwait lost 60 billion in direct war, Iraq lost about 200 billion, and the US war cost 60 billion.
The Kosovo war lasted 78 days. The United States-led NATO dispatched 20,000 flights, dropped 2 1000 tons of bombs and launched 300 cruise missiles, which caused serious damage to military, civil and industrial facilities and residential areas in most parts of Yugoslavia. The air strikes also killed more than 0/000 innocent civilians in FRY/KLOC, and hundreds of thousands of Albanians became refugees. Depleted uranium bombs used in the war and cluster bombs prohibited by the Geneva Conventions lead to neonatal leukemia and various malformations. The continuous bombing has also seriously deteriorated the ecological environment of Yugoslavia and its neighboring countries and regions.