When cooking, drop a few drops of vinegar into the water, and the cooked rice will be whiter and more delicious.

If dry rice is cooked for a long time, the loss of vitamin B 1 will exceed 30%. If you skim the rice soup when cooking, the vitamin loss will exceed 40%.

The rice is raw. You can pour some rice wine into the rice cooker and cook it for a while.

Leftovers can be cooked again You can put some salt in the rice pot water, which tastes like new rice.

Western-style rice, such as Italian cooking: stir-fry raw rice and chopped green onion in vegetable oil, then add water and a little salt, and cook for an hour on slow fire. Before eating, add a spoonful of butter and 25 grams of grated cheese. Romanian cooking method: the ratio of rice to water is 1: 2, add a small amount of salt, vinegar and vegetable oil, and boil the rice and water with slow fire for one hour. Then put the cooked rice on a plate and put some sliced tomatoes on it. Egyptian cooking: To cook three small bowls of rice, you need four bowls of water and four spoonfuls of vegetable oil. Boil the water with salt and oil first, then pour in the rice and boil it. Don't stir, cook slowly. When eating, rice should be mixed with cooked vegetables or candied fruits.

Men eating spicy food can lead to prostatitis.

Xiao Zhang, who loves to drink and eat spicy food, has always been unwell recently and always wants to go to the toilet. Finally, Xiao Zhang really couldn't stay in the hospital. The doctor diagnosed him with prostatitis, but fortunately it was not too serious.

Tian Denghan, director of Peking Union Medical College Hospital and special expert of Beijing Ren Jing Hospital, said that Xiao Zhang should come to see a doctor earlier, because prostatitis is the most common problem among middle-aged and elderly men. If a 30-50-year-old man asks a urologist for help because of the problem of poor urination, an experienced doctor will carefully check to see if it is caused by prostatitis. Failure to take proper cleaning measures for sexual behavior, frequent urination, nervousness and depression, love to drink, and overeating spicy food will all lead to irritating substances in urine, increased bladder pressure, and urinary reflux in the prostate, which will lead to prostate inflammation.

In the case of acute inflammation of prostate, men will have symptoms such as chills, fever, severe pain in the lower part, dysuria, frequent urination, and joint pain all over the body. There will also be problems of hematuria and abnormal urethral secretions. The doctor reminded that young men should eat moderately to avoid prostatitis.

Alcohol: Alcohol is a kind of beverage which can relax blood vessels. People often see the phenomenon of "blushing after drinking", which is the result of alcohol dilating facial blood vessels. For the internal organs that can't be seen on the outside, it is also obvious that alcohol dilates blood vessels and causes organ congestion, and the prostate is no exception. Because some young people have the habit of drinking for a long time, even drinking too much, they are prone to prostatitis.

Smoking: Smoking is harmful to health. Although most people know the harm of smoking, few people know that smoking can also affect the prostate. In fact, nicotine, tar, nitrosamines, carbon monoxide and other toxic substances in cigarettes can not only directly poison prostate tissue, but also interfere with the nerve function that dominates blood vessels, affect the blood circulation of prostate, and aggravate the congestion of prostate.

Spicy food: Scallion, raw garlic, pepper and other irritating foods can cause vasodilation and organ congestion. Some patients with prostatitis have spicy eating habits, which can often be controlled when the symptoms are serious, but they relapse after the symptoms are relieved, which is also an important cause of prostatitis.

In short, in order to avoid chronic congestion of prostate tissue for a long time, alcohol, tobacco and spicy food must be avoided. Prostatitis patients must overcome these bad habits, especially in the remission period, and pay more attention to perseverance, so as not to aggravate the condition because of temporary pleasure and lead to long-term pain.

Pay attention to five points in pregnant women's summer diet

First, bacterial food poisoning is characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. It has the characteristics of short incubation period, concentrated time, sudden outbreak and fierce momentum, and more than 90% occurred in July, August and September. The key to prevention is to strengthen food hygiene management and prevent food pollution.

Second, the common symptom of tourists' diarrhea is watery stool, accompanied by abdominal pain, bloating and vomiting. Therefore, in the process of traveling, it is necessary to strictly control the "illness from the mouth".

Third, Escherichia coli enteritis is characterized by diarrhea, 3-5 times a day, is a yellow egg type, a large amount. Therefore, to prevent the disease, we should do a good job in diet, drinking water hygiene and feces management.

Four, bacillary dysentery, referred to as bacillary dysentery, usually sudden onset, first chills and fever, and then abdominal pain and diarrhea. Patients with toxic bacillary dysentery can be extremely tired and have toxic shock, which is more common in infants under 2 years old. Therefore, it is the fundamental measure to prevent the disease to do a good job in diet, drinking water hygiene and feces management and vigorously eliminate flies.

Five, refrigerator enteritis, that is, with the popularity of refrigerators in yersinia enterocolitica, the incidence of this disease is increasing year by year. Yersinia is widely found in milk, meat, fish, poultry, vegetables and other foods, and grows and reproduces at a low temperature below -4℃. The food in the refrigerator is contaminated with bacteria, which may cause enteritis. So the food in the refrigerator should be cooked separately and cooked again before eating.

Take tonic after autumn, be careful not to hurt your stomach.

Mr. Liang, who has always loved stews, started his nourishing action after beginning of autumn, eating nourishing stews at least three times a week. Two days ago, he suddenly had symptoms of dry throat and tongue inexplicably, and suddenly had a nosebleed when he slept at night, which scared him to think that something was wrong. Fortunately, no major problems were found after self-hemostasis.

"This is an obvious overcompensation." Dr. Yu, director of Chinese Medicine Department of Guangzhou Posts and Telecommunications Hospital, said that after beginning of autumn every year, young people often take supplements blindly, which leads to insomnia, nosebleeds, gastrointestinal bleeding and even liver function damage, which proves that improper supplements will do great harm to people's health.

A "tonic" for stomach weakness and discomfort

Dr. Yu Xiangmei believes that autumn tonic is very necessary, because reasonable tonic can not only make up for excessive consumption in summer, but also enhance the adaptability of human body to cold weather. However, the weather in Guangzhou is quite special, and the temperature in early autumn is still high. In this climate, the functions of the spleen and stomach are weakened to varying degrees. At this time, if you eat a lot of supplements, especially nourishing yin supplements, it will further increase the burden on the spleen and stomach, making the gastrointestinal tract in a "weak" state for a long time and unbearable, leading to digestive dysfunction and symptoms such as abdominal distension, anorexia, abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Therefore, Chinese medicine believes that in autumn, people should drink more water, eat more fruits and vegetables, and pay special attention to protecting the upper respiratory tract, such as nasopharynx. If they want to make supplements, they should do so under the guidance of a special nutritionist or Chinese medicine practitioner.

Tonifying the body should nourish yin and moisten dryness

So, how can we make scientific supplements in autumn?

Yu said that "good goods" such as ginseng and velvet antler can cause virtual fire instead, which is called "blood-heat rash" by Chinese medicine and should not be eaten. Lily, lotus seeds, yam, white lentils, red dates, lotus roots, eels, etc. From the point of view of good quality and low price, it is a good choice, which has the functions of moistening lung and relieving cough, clearing heart and calming nerves, and removing residual heat. From the point of view of medicine supplement, Radix Astragali, Radix Adenophorae, Fructus Lycii and Radix Polygoni Multiflori are more suitable. In addition, tuckahoe cake, Euryale ferox, yam, cowpea and millet can promote the recovery of spleen and stomach function.

Externally used medicine-pettitoes soup: from the Collection of Medical Formulas, it consists of trotters 65438 0, Cortex Mori, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Septemlobae, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Poria each 65438 050g, and Phytolacca acinosa and Atractylodis Macrocephala each 60g. Decoct the above eight herbs in 900 ml of water, take 200 ml and wash your hands. Moisturize the skin.

Oral medicine-Santaishou Plaster: It comes from Eight Records of Zunsheng and consists of Atractylodes macrocephala1000g, Atractylodes lancea 500g and Polygonatum sibiricum 500g. Boil the juice. Each serving is 15g, mixed or taken with boiling water. Ke yue ze Lian

Eating meat has nothing to do with terrorism.

Do you have a phobia of meat? Worried that eating meat will bring a lot of fat, elevated cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. ...

Or do you like meat? Every meal is inseparable. If you are short of meat, it seems that you are not eating seriously, but you feel deeply guilty after eating it.

In fact, eating meat is not so terrible, and it is impossible to be addicted. Search your carnivorous psychology and habits, fully understand the correct attitude towards eating meat, and you will find that eating meat correctly is also an important part of getting healthy.

Big error correction of meat prejudice

We all agree with the nutrition of fish, but our understanding of red meat (including beef, mutton and pork) may not be so objective.

□ Meat &; torrid summer

Dietary prejudice: beef and mutton is a patent in winter. In hot summer, eating beef and mutton will definitely get angry.

Error correction: This is actually a misunderstanding formed by traditional cooking methods. Beef and mutton are rich in protein and nutrients, and can be eaten all year round, just like other animal proteins. The key is to master scientific cooking methods and not get angry.

Special suggestion: the cooking method of beef and mutton in summer should not get angry.

In summer, it is advisable to choose the cooking method of stewed beef and mutton, with only a little salt, onion and ginger. The beef and mutton made in this way is not greasy, and because it does not contain spicy seasoning, it is not only delicious, but also does not have to worry about getting angry.

□ Meat &; lose weight

Dietary prejudice: meat is high in fat, so it is definitely easy to get fat after eating it. I'm too fat to eat any more meat!

Error correction: Although meat contains fat, the fat content and types of different meats are different. Deep-sea fish such as salmon contain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are beneficial to the cardiovascular system and will not cause fat accumulation. Therefore, moderate consumption of meat with low fat content or good fat will not lead to obesity.

Special suggestion: choose five kinds of meat that are not easy to gain weight.

The following meats contain less fat and are suitable for people who want to lose weight and keep fit.

Fish: It is low in calories and contains a variety of unsaturated fatty acids, which can not only avoid obesity, but also prevent arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease.

Beef: It contains many essential amino acids and is low in fat and cholesterol. Suitable for obese people and patients with arteriosclerosis and diabetes.

Rabbit meat: rich in protein and lecithin, with less cholesterol, which is not easy to cause obesity.

Chicken: The fat content of chicken per100g is only1.2g..

Lean pork: the fat content of lean pork is not high, and it will decrease after cooking, so it is suitable for dieters.

□ Meat &; safe

Dietary prejudice: mad cow disease, bird flu ... eating meat has caused so many terrible infectious diseases. Is it safe to eat meat?

Error correction: although there are diseases, it is needless to say that the color of "meat" changes. As long as we adhere to strict safety precautions from purchase to cleaning, cooking and preservation, we can still eat meat with confidence.

Special suggestion

The four steps of eating meat safely are interlocking.

Purchase: Ensure the supply, and try to buy from large supermarkets with guaranteed quality. Their supply is from regular manufacturers. At the same time, look for the "quarantine qualified" sign on the meat and pay attention to the shelf life.

Preservation: raw meat, poultry meat and seafood are packaged separately, refrigerated at the bottom of the refrigerator, eaten within 2~3 days, and cooked immediately after thawing.

Handling: Use different knives, plates, chopping boards and utensils to handle raw and cooked food. Wash your hands with hand sanitizer before handling, and clean all food contact surfaces with detergent. At the same time, clean the chopping block frequently.

Cooking: Choose the most suitable cooking method according to different meats, which should be thoroughly cooked, and the leftover meat should be refrigerated immediately after eating or within 2 hours after cooking. The heating consumed again should be above 75℃.

Effectively fight all kinds of meat diseases

Avoid the pathogen of mad cow disease: the safest and most effective way to resist mad cow disease is to avoid the pathogen and choose safe beef when buying. Once infected with mad cow disease virus, it is extremely difficult to eliminate, even if the beef is cooked. Therefore, don't eat beef from epidemic areas or unknown sources.

Elimination of avian influenza virus: the virus of avian influenza is mainly transmitted by droplets. Whether chicken or eggs are cooked for a long time, the virus can be killed. So the most important thing when eating chicken is to remember to cook for a while.

Prevention of mercury poisoning in deep-sea fish: Mercury poisoning in deep-sea fish is related to more and more serious marine pollution. Therefore, it is best not to eat fish gills, fish skin and fish fat when eating fish, which are the parts where pollutants are easy to accumulate.

□ Meat &; get a facial

Study on removal of pesticide residues in vegetables with self-made alkaline water

Food safety is a topic that people are increasingly concerned about, especially the safety of vegetables. Vegetables bought from supermarkets or vegetable markets should be carefully cleaned, but is there any way to completely remove pesticides?

Most organophosphorus pesticides can decompose rapidly in alkaline environment. Therefore, if you are worried that the residual pesticides in the vegetables you bought can't be washed clean, you can add 5- 10g edible alkali to 500ml clean water to make alkaline water, put the newly washed vegetables into the alkaline water, add enough alkaline water according to the amount of vegetables, soak them for 5- 15min, and then rinse them with clean water. This will repeat the washing effect three times.

However, some pesticides will slowly decompose into harmless substances over time during storage. If possible, it is best to store some vegetables suitable for storage for a period of time (10 ~ 15 days), and then eat them after washing, which can better remove pesticides.

Celery, cabbage, green pepper and beans

Vegetables: celery, Chinese cabbage, green pepper and beans.

Cleaning method: This vegetable generally uses carbamate insecticides, which will accelerate the decomposition speed with the increase of temperature. Therefore, washed vegetables can be blanched in boiling water for 2-5 minutes and then taken out immediately, and then washed with clean water 1-2 times.

Green leafy vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce and Chinese cabbage.

Vegetables: Green leafy vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce and Chinese cabbage.

Cleaning method: firstly, rinse off the dirt on the surface with clear water, then overflow the vegetable part with clear water for about 5 cm, and soak it in running water for not less than 10 minute, which can increase the dissolution of pesticides. Soaking in this way for 2-3 times can basically remove most of the residual pesticides in vegetables?

Beware of the alienation of fruits and vegetables.

Modern people can't live without vegetables and fruits every day, but if they eat "problem" fruits and vegetables, it will be harmful to their health. Recently, an interesting news is the "Watermelon Water Injection" incident. It is said that many sellers of watermelons have to clear their names one after another, and people from relevant departments have also expressed their views. After sampling inspection, no watermelons injected with mercuric chloride were found. These days, the melon market in Guangzhou has gradually warmed up with the increase of temperature.

Many people buy fruits that are not what they seem, even if they don't hurt their bodies, they also hurt consumers' hearts. A few days ago, the reporter interviewed relevant experts to understand the safety of fruits and vegetables that consumers care about. Experts said that although some unscrupulous traders cannot be ruled out, the current planting level can basically extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables and give them a "bright" appearance, instead of adding a lot of preservatives or ripening agents harmful to human body, resulting in inconsistencies between fruits and vegetables, including varieties, climate, soil and other reasons. Experts also suggest some ways to identify some fruits and vegetables that may be problematic.

tomato

Possible problems: pick them before they are ripe.

Tomatoes can be cooked as vegetables or eaten raw as fruits. People who like to eat raw tomatoes sometimes find that some big tomatoes now look bright and red, but they are hard and even green after a bite, with little water and no sweet and sour taste. It is said that some vendors will ripen tomatoes by ripening bananas and coat them with a chemical called ethephon. Although this medicine has low toxicity, long-term consumption is harmful to human body.

Experts dispel doubts:

Chang Shaodong, deputy director of Guangzhou Vegetable Research Institute, said that it is not common to use chemical drugs to ripen. He mentioned that the above problems are mainly determined by the problem of tomato varieties. Because most local tomatoes are shipped from some remote places, we should choose some varieties that are resistant to transportation. Farmers usually pick tomatoes when they are half ripe. The tomatoes sold in Guangzhou market have been transported for nearly 10 days, and many of them are ripe outside, but not fully cooked inside. He also mentioned that because tomatoes are transported to cities in large quantities, it is hard to imagine how huge the project of coating drugs on the surface of each tomato one by one is.

Distinguishing hint:

Most mature tomatoes are out of season, red in size, difficult to handle, polyhedral in appearance, green or seedless after opening, and the pulp has no juice; Naturally mature tomatoes have some green around the pedicel, which is soft to pinch and smooth in appearance, while the seeds are khaki, red and juicy.

Leafy vegetables

Possible problems: pesticide residues

Some housewives will choose to soak vegetables in water for a period of time. In their view, this is a good way to deal with pesticide residues. Are pesticide residues in vegetables really serious today?

Experts dispel doubts:

Chang Shaodong believes that the monitoring of the safe use of pesticides is very strict now, and relevant departments strictly require the use of some biological pesticides and low-residue pesticides; Moreover, they will conduct regular sampling surveys on vegetables, and if toxic pesticides are used in the vegetable production process, they can be detected soon.

Distinguishing hint:

According to experts, some vegetables with heavy smell, such as mustard, onion, tomato, pepper and so on. , less affected by pests and diseases, not easy to have pesticide residues. Relatively speaking, leafy vegetables are more prone to pesticide residues.

watermelon

Possible problem: water injection

It is said that from May to June every year, watermelons have just been listed, and there may be a problem of "water injection". The appearance of this "water-filled" watermelon is not much different from that of ordinary watermelon, and there are no obvious symptoms in the appearance of leaves, stems, vines and fruits. After cutting, it was found that the melon meat was stained with water, and the color of the melon meat became darker. In severe cases, the meat becomes thin soup-like, with peculiar smell and inedible.

Experts dispel doubts:

Nie, an associate professor at the Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology of South China Agricultural University, said that if there is a phenomenon of injecting mercuric chloride, it may be that some watermelon sellers want to increase the weight of watermelon or brighten the pulp of watermelon. Experts believe that injecting water or red medicine into watermelon will cause watermelon to rot quickly and have an odor, which is not conducive to sales. Watermelon is a low-value commodity with low price. Injecting water or mercuric chloride into watermelon will only increase the cost and will not bring any benefits to watermelon sales. Therefore, if you want to inject mercuric chloride or syrup into watermelon, melon farmers have to take great risks.

Distinguishing hint:

On the identification method, the suggestions are as follows: 1. Look, just look at the shape and pulp of melons: watermelons with hormones have irregular shapes, such as gourd melons and flat melons. After cutting, the red distribution of pulp is uneven, the collocation of red and pink is uneven, and there are lumps in pulp. Second, "listen", that is, listen to the sound: pat the watermelon with your hand, the sound of a good melon is crisp, and the sound of a water-filled melon is dull. Three "scales", that is, to see whether the size and weight of watermelon are "proportional": the water content of watermelon is certain. If there is deviation, it means that there is something wrong with watermelon, which may be water-injected watermelon.

The health status of chickens, ducks and geese can be identified by the following methods.

Whether chickens, ducks and geese are healthy can be identified from all directions. 1. The crown and bun of healthy live birds are bright red, the crown is upright and the bun is soft. 2. Healthy live birds have big eyes, flexible eye movements and no secretions. 3. The mouths of healthy live birds are closed and dry. 4. There is no gas, accumulated water or accumulated food in the crops of healthy live birds. 5. The wings of healthy live birds are close to the body, and the feathers are tightly covered, neat and shiny. 6. The villi near the anus of healthy live birds are clean, the anus is dry and reddish, and there is no fecal adhesion. 7. The pectoral muscles of healthy live birds are plump, elastic and reddish. 8. Healthy live birds have strong claws and can move freely.

Eat meat thoroughly before sterilization.

Meat must be thoroughly cooked before it can be disinfected. Meat can be safely eaten.

The University of Hong Kong and the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department of the Hong Kong Government recently released a research report, and a "superbug" named "broad-spectrum antifungal Escherichia coli" was detected in the meat of livestock and poultry on the market, which can cause pneumonia, blood poisoning and urethritis. Sneaking into the body will pass the drug resistance gene to other bacteria, and once the patient's resistance is weakened, it will be complicated with various infections and inflammations. At present, there is no cure. Nearly 4000 people in Hong Kong are infected with this evil bacteria every year.

Yesterday, the reporter interviewed Wen Zhuofu, director of the Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, and learned that this drug-resistant Escherichia coli is not resistant to high temperature. It can be killed by cooking at high temperature of 100℃ for 5~ 10 minutes. As long as it is thoroughly cooked, the meat of livestock and poultry on the market can be safely eaten.

"Superbacteria" are hidden in livestock.

It is reported that HKU cooperated with FEHD to randomly select 734 intestinal samples of food animals such as pigs, cows, chickens, pigeons, ducks and geese from slaughterhouses and vegetable markets in Hong Kong to understand the situation of drug-resistant Escherichia coli in food animals. The results showed that the intestinal samples of 10 pigs, cows and pigeons contained drug-resistant Escherichia coli, which means that this "superbug" has already existed in the livestock that citizens eat every day.

It is reported that this bacterium can cause pneumonia, blood poisoning and urethritis. What is even more frightening is that harmful bacteria are contagious after invading the body. They can lurk in the body for many years and wait for opportunities, and pass the drug resistance genes to other bacteria in the intestine, so the drug resistance will stay in the body for a long time. Once the patient's resistance is weakened, it will be complicated with various infections and inflammations, leading to extremely difficult infection problems, which even the most powerful antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporin can't cope with. Drug-resistant bacteria do harm to the human body and shock Hong Kong people.

Feed antibiotics to animals and eventually eat them in people's stomachs.

Wen Zhuofu, president of the Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen, told the reporter that "broad-spectrum antifungal Escherichia coli" should be a popular name for Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum β -lactamases (ESBLs), because it produces β-lactamases, it is difficult for antibiotics to kill it. 20% ~ 30% of Escherichia coli isolated and cultured in clinic can produce extended-spectrum β -lactamase In recent years, the proportion of drug-resistant bacteria has increased rapidly, which is mainly related to human abuse of antibiotics. Some farmers feeding antibiotics to animals will also induce drug-resistant Escherichia coli, which will eventually affect human health through the food chain.

According to the report of the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department of Hong Kong, if you eat meat contaminated by harmful bacteria and not cooked thoroughly, you may be caught at any time. Among them, half-cooked pork and beef are the most dangerous, and nearly 4000 people in Hong Kong are infected with this harmful bacteria every year. According to Director Wen, there are often cases of diarrhea after eating hot pot and unclean food in Guangzhou, but there is no clear information about whether some of these cases are related to drug-resistant Escherichia coli.

Eating problematic meat may cause acute symptoms.

Director Wen said that eating meat with this drug-resistant bacteria will cause symptoms such as acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever and dehydration. Mild infection can heal itself, and severe infection needs sensitive antibiotics besides general treatment. People who are not sick can have no symptoms, but they can carry this bacteria; When the resistance is reduced, all kinds of infections will become complicated.

The reporter learned that at present, the assured meat that has passed the health quarantine in Guangzhou market can only ensure that the meat source of its pork is free of sick pigs and dead pigs, but it is not difficult to detect whether the pork contains growth promoters, fattening agents, clenbuterol, hormones, antibiotics and other ingredients. For the meat in the vegetable market, which bacteria may be resistant, Wen Zhuofu said it is difficult to distinguish. However, it is reported that the relevant departments in Guangzhou will make efforts to investigate and deal with pork with excessive antibiotic residues in the market, so that citizens can feel more at ease in eating meat in the future.

Thorough cooking can kill drug-resistant bacteria.

At present, whether the meat on the market contains drug-resistant bacteria has not been tested, but Director Wen said that the public should not worry too much. This kind of bacteria is not resistant to high temperature, and it is very safe to cook at a high temperature of 100 degrees Celsius for 5 ~ 10 minutes.

Director Wen said that the Escherichia coli in livestock is mainly in the intestine, and some may be stained on the surface of meat. Unless it is a sick bird, there will be no drug-resistant Escherichia coli in the meat, which can be found through quarantine. He suggested that citizens can wash it before cook the meat, even if there are bacteria, they can wash it off; He said that the most important thing is to cook the meat thoroughly, which can sterilize it.

Eating undercooked meat is prone to many diseases.

Director Wen said that cooked meat can not only kill drug-resistant Escherichia coli, but also prevent diseases caused by other bacteria, viruses, parasites and some toxins.

Eating undercooked meat is prone to food poisoning due to infection with Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Botox, hepatitis virus and mycotoxin. In addition, eating fresh water fish, sashimi and fish porridge raw, and using freshly caught small fish as appetizers, it is easy to get liver fluke disease; Enthusiastic about eating immature pork and beef is easy to cause Taenia solium and Taenia solium; Eating drunken crabs or immature freshwater crabs or crabs is prone to paragonimiasis. (Text/Reporter Huang Chuhui Expert Guidance/Director of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Wen Zhuofu)

Soy sauce has two uses.

Many citizens know that soy sauce can be used for cooking, cooking and making salads, but it is often confused in daily life. Some residents only prepare one kind of soy sauce at home. Recently, a market survey showed that more than 30% citizens ignored the difference between cooking and cold salad when buying soy sauce. According to food experts, the hygiene standards of the two kinds of soy sauce are different, and mixed use is easy to cause harm to human health.

Experts explained that soy sauce for cold dishes has stricter requirements on microbial indicators than soy sauce for cooking: the national hygienic standard for soy sauce stipulates that the total number of colonies detected per milliliter of soy sauce for cold dishes should not be greater than 30,000, while the national standard for the total number of colonies of soy sauce for cooking is not mandatory. Therefore, if consumers want to make cold salad, it is best to choose soy sauce. In addition, many manufacturers often indicate the specific use of soy sauce in inconspicuous places. Consumers may wish to pay attention to it when purchasing and choose according to their own needs.

What do you know about tender meat powder?

Tender meat powder, also known as tender meat crystal, is mainly used to partially hydrolyze elastin and collagen in meat by protease, making meat products taste tender but not tough, delicious and fragrant. Because of its fast tenderizing speed and obvious effect, it has been widely used in catering industry. However, some masters still have scruples about it, mistaking it as a chemical product, which is not conducive to human health. Therefore, in practical application, it can be less or less, and it can be done without it. As a result, I have been wronged.

The main component of tender meat powder is protease, so to understand tender meat powder, we must first understand enzyme. Enzymes are protein produced by organisms with catalytic function, which can decompose complex molecules into small molecules that can be digested and absorbed by organisms themselves. Just like breaking down a building into bricks, cars can carry it. And "enzyme" is "demolition worker". Enzymes have two characteristics: one is high efficiency and fast decomposition speed. Two: specificity, different types of enzymes decompose different substances, such as protease only decomposes protein and amylase only decomposes starch. It's like someone is only responsible for removing walls and someone is only responsible for removing windows in demolition.

After meat products enter human body, protein in meat is mainly decomposed into small units of peptides and amino acids by pepsin secreted by stomach and trypsin produced by pancreas. The action principle of protease in tender meat powder is exactly the same as that of pepsin and trypsin, but the sources of protease in tender meat powder are different, one is in animals and the other is in plants. At present, the extraction of protease mostly comes from plant raw materials, such as papaya, ginger, pineapple and so on. Its name is generally based on the extracted raw materials, such as ginger, which is called ginger protease, and papaya is called papain. Taking papain commonly used in tender meat powder as an example, its processing technology is to cut immature papaya fruit, collect its milk, and then get papain through a series of processing, and then add a certain proportion of other accessories to make tender meat powder. According to the instructions of food additives, the formula of meat tenderizer is papain 2%, 15% glucose, monosodium glutamate 2% and salt.

VC loses less when cooking.

A study shows that cooking vegetables in an iron pan can reduce the loss of vitamin C in vegetables. The researchers experimented with seven kinds of fresh vegetables, including cucumbers, tomatoes, green vegetables and cabbage. The results showed that the content of vitamin C in the dishes cooked in iron pan was significantly higher than that in stainless steel pot and non-stick pan. Researchers believe that in order to increase the intake of vitamin C and health, iron pots should be the first choice for cooking vegetables. Although aluminum pot can retain more vitamin C when cooking, the easily soluble aluminum is harmful to health.

In addition, adding salt when frying vegetables can save more vitamin C than when not frying, and can also reduce the water leakage of vegetables and ensure their fresh and tender taste. Cooking in an iron pan often helps to prevent iron deficiency anemia.

Stir-fried carrots without vinegar.

Carrots contain a lot of carotene, which can be converted into vitamin A after ingesting human digestive organs. Vitamin A can maintain the health of eyes and skin. Patients with rough skin and night blindness lack vitamin A. But be careful not to fry carrots with vinegar, or carotene will be destroyed.

How to eat seafood safely?

1. In order to reduce food poisoning caused by eating seafood, you should buy seafood in reliable stores. Try to buy live crabs, especially dead crabs, because dead crabs contain certain toxins. Buy fresh abalone, razor clam or mussel. You can touch it with your hands and it will shrink, so you can choose live and moving fresh seafood. Seafood with hard shells should be cleaned with water before cooking. Before cooking shellfish, soak them in light salt water for about an hour and let them spit out sediment automatically. The soaking time should not be too long, otherwise the original fresh seafood will be polluted by some rot.

2, seafood is eaten raw, first frozen and then watered with light salt water. Eating raw seafood is potentially fatal for people with poor intestinal immune function. You can put oysters on ice first, and then pour some light salt water on them, which can effectively kill such bacteria and make them safer to eat raw.

Seafood should not be eaten with beer. It is best not to drink a lot of beer when eating seafood, otherwise it will produce too much uric acid and lead to gout. Eat seafood with dry white wine, because the fruit acid in it has the function of sterilization and deodorization.

4, arthritis patients eat less seafood. Because sea cucumber, soft-shelled turtle, kelp and seaweed contain more uric acid, uric acid crystals can be formed in joints after being absorbed by the human body, which aggravates the symptoms of arthritis.

5. Seafood should not be eaten with some fruits. In life, many people eat seafood such as fish and shrimp.