West Lake Scenic Area is located in the west of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. It is famous at home and abroad for its beautiful lakes and mountains and numerous places of interest. It is a famous tourist attraction in China, also known as paradise on earth. The water surface area of the West Lake is about 5.66 square kilometers (including 6.3 square kilometers of islands in the lake), and the circumference of the lake shore is 15 kilometers. The average water depth is about 1.5m, the deepest is about 2.8m, and the shallowest is less than1m. Northern Hunan is 3.3 kilometers long and 2.8 kilometers wide from east to west. Su Causeway and Betty divide the lake into five parts: Lihu Lake, Waihu Lake, Yuehu Lake, Xili Lake and Xiaonanhu Lake. 1982 West Lake was designated as a national scenic spot, and 1985 was selected as "Top Ten Scenic Spots in China".
Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area is centered on the West Lake and is divided into lakeside area, central area, Beishan area, Nanshan area and Qiantang area, with a total area of 49 square kilometers. The beauty of the West Lake can be seen in the sun, but it is empty in the rain. Whether it is rain or snow, it can be a scene in the sunset and smoke; Spring flowers and autumn moon, summer lotus and winter snow, each have its own beauty. The Lake District is famous for its beautiful scenery in Su Causeway and Bai Causeway.
The West Lake is a poem, a natural picture and a beautiful story. People who have lived here for many years, or travelers who pass by in a hurry, are fascinated by the beautiful scenery of a Chinese Odyssey. In the spring of March, Fei Ying grass begins to grow. The two dikes are plain white, and the peaches and willows sandwich the shore. There are waves and cruise ships on both sides, and empty mountains and green waters in the distance. Walking on the embankment at this time, you will be impressed by the scenery in front of you, even ecstatic, and wonder if you have entered the fairyland. The beautiful scenery of the West Lake is not only unique in spring, but also meets the lotus flowers in the sky in summer, the moonlight-soaked Santan Yinyue in autumn night, the red plum in the shadow after the winter snow, and the willow cage screen window and the songbirds on the balcony in the misty rain-no matter when you come, you will appreciate the unusual style.
Most of the West Lake is in a state of eutrophication, and Xiaonan Lake and Santan Lake are close to the lower limit of eutrophication. The main pollutant is domestic pollution, and N and P are 4 ~ 6 times higher than normal. The annual average water temperature is 17.6℃, the highest in 10 is 65438+28.6℃, and the lowest in March is 4.0℃, without lake ice. In the early 1980s, there were 5 1 species of fish, belonging to 10 order, 16 family and 43 genera. Fish sources are: (65,438+0) local wild fish; (2) introducing fish from Qiantang River, and (3) artificially introducing domesticated farmed fish, which has become the dominant species in West Lake. Silver carp and bighead carp account for 75% ~ 80% of the total stocking. Followed by crucian carp, Hanoi crucian carp, and other cultured fish include Megalobrama amblycephala, Megalobrama amblycephala, oysters and Japanese eel. In order to protect large aquatic plants and stop stocking grass carp and herring, there are several tadpoles in the West Lake.
The name of West Lake originated from the Tang Dynasty. Before the Tang Dynasty, the West Lake was called Wulin Water, Ming Sheng Lake, Jinniu Lake, Longchuan Lake, Ganyuan Lake, Qiantang Lake, Shang Hu Lake and Xizi Lake. The shape of the lake is almost an equiaxed polygon. The lake is divided into five sub-lakes by artificial dikes of Gushan, Su Causeway and Bai Causeway, and the sub-lakes are connected by bridge opening. The water in each part can not be fully mixed, resulting in the difference of water quality in each lake. Most of the runoff recharge first enters the three sub-lakes on the west side, and then enters the Outer West Lake. The total area of the lake is 5.593km2, the total volume is 1. 1 100 million cubic meters, and the average water depth is1.97m. The sediments in the West Lake are a kind of lake and marsh sediments with particularly high organic matter content, belonging to silty clay or silty loam. The top layer is all algal skeleton sapropelic layer (black organic clay), the middle layer is peat layer or swamp soil, and the bottom layer is basal silt layer. The rivers entering the lake are short-flowing, and the main recharge rivers are Jinsha River, Longhong River and Changqiao River, which discharge water.
The beauty of the West Lake lies not only in the lake, but also in the mountains. Around the West Lake, there are Longjing Mountain, Li 'an Mountain, Nanfeng Mountain, Yanxialing Mountain, Daci Mountain, Shilin Mountain, Nanping Mountain, Phoenix Mountain and Wu Shan in the southwest, collectively referred to as Nanshan. There are Lingyin Mountain, Beifeng Mountain Mountain, Xiangu Mountain, Qixialing Mountain and Baoshi Mountain in the north, collectively referred to as Beishan Mountain. They hold out the pearl of the West Lake like everyone's heart. The height of the mountain is no more than 400 meters, but the peaks are beautiful and the nymphs are beautiful. The north and south peaks are far apart, towering into the sky.
The Ten Scenes of the West Lake were formed in the Southern Song Dynasty and basically distributed around the West Lake. Some of them are located on the lake: Su Causeway Xiao Chun, Quyuan Fenghe, Pinghu Qiuyue, Broken Bridge Canxue, Liulang Wenying, Huagang Fish Watching, Leifeng Sunset, Twin Peaks, Nanping Night Bell, Santan silver moon and Ten Scenes of West Lake all have their own strengths, which together represent the essence of the ancient West Lake scenery, so both Hangzhou locals and foreign tourists.