Ginkgo biloba is a unique and rich economic plant resource in China. The seed coat can be extracted with tannin extract. The wood is light yellow, thin, light and soft, and is used in architecture, furniture, sculpture and other handicrafts. Garden trees and street trees. Seeds contain hydrocyanic acid, histamine acid, protein, etc. Seeds and leaves can be used as medicine in traditional medicine in China. They are flat, bitter and slightly toxic. [1 1] Children generally eat about 20 ginkgo nuts, and adults who eat about 50 ginkgo nuts are in danger of poisoning. The way to prevent ginkgo poisoning is to eat it after cooking, but the cooked ginkgo toxin has not been completely destroyed, so it is not suitable for excessive consumption. In addition, soaking ginkgo leaves in water is also dangerous. According to the investigation, Ginkgo biloba leaves contain ginkgolic acid, which will damage the heart if taken too much or for a long time. [ 12]
Edible
Ginkgo biloba was listed as a royal tribute in the Song Dynasty. Japanese people have the habit of eating ginkgo every day. Westerners must eat ginkgo at Christmas. As far as eating methods are concerned, Ginkgo biloba mainly includes fried food, baked food, cooked food, side dishes, cakes, candied fruit, canned food, beverages and alcohol. However, improper dosage and eating method of Ginkgo biloba can cause poisoning. In order to prevent ginkgo poisoning, cooked food and eating less are the fundamental methods. Raw food (with shell and coating) 5-7 capsules for adults and 2-5 capsules for children according to their age and weight, which can be taken again after 4 hours. Raw food must be shelled, red and soft, and removed from the heart (germ). If it is cooked food, it is advisable to take 20~30 capsules each time, such as shelling, removing red soft film and removing embryo, even if the dose is large, poisoning will not occur. The taste is flat, sweet and bitter, and the toxicity is small; Enter the lung and kidney meridians. Efficacy is mainly used to astringe lung qi, relieve asthma and cough, relieve stranguria, reduce defecation, disinfect and kill insects. Indications: Asthma, phlegm cough, wet dream, leucorrhea, turbid urine, infantile diarrhea, insect accumulation, intestinal wind and visceral toxicity, gonorrhea, frequent urination, scabies, lacquered sores and leukoplakia. Every 100g nutrient contains protein 6.4g, fat 2.4g, carbohydrate 36g, crude fiber 1.2g, sucrose 52g, reducing sugar 1. 1, calcium 10mg and phosphorus 2 1 8mg. Therapeutic effect 1. Antibacterial and bactericidal Ginkgo biloba leaves contain ginkgolic acid and ginkgol, which have been proved by experiments to have antibacterial and bactericidal effects and can be used to treat respiratory tract infectious diseases. Ginkgo biloba extract can inhibit various fungi to varying degrees, and can relieve itching and treat tinea. 2. Eliminating illness and relieving cough Ginkgo biloba is sweet and bitter, and has the effect of astringing lung qi, relieving asthma and relieving cough. It has an auxiliary dietotherapy effect on cough caused by lung diseases, asthma with weak constitution in the elderly and asthma with various phlegm types. 3. A waterlogging-resistant and insect-resistant Ginkgo biloba leaf
Ginkgo biloba exocarp contains ginkgolic acid and ginkgol, which has anti-tuberculosis effect. Ginkgo biloba leaves soaked in oil have a strong inhibitory effect on mycobacterium tuberculosis, and fresh fruits soaked in raw vegetable oil have a certain effect on improving symptoms such as fever, night sweats, cough and hemoptysis, and loss of appetite caused by tuberculosis. Therefore, it can be used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis. 4. Stop turbidity and reduce stool. Modern medical research has found that the so-called Ginkgo biloba can contract the sphincter of bladder. It can be used for the adjuvant treatment of infantile enuresis, frequent micturition due to qi deficiency, excessive leucorrhea and unconsolidated nocturnal emission. 5. Lowering serum cholesterol and dilating coronary arteries Ginkgo biloba leaves contain shikimic acid, ginkgetin, isoflavones and sterols. In recent years, it has been used to treat hypertension, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, cerebral vasospasm, hypercholesterolemia and other diseases.
Medicinal value
The medicinal use of Ginkgo biloba is mainly reflected in three aspects: medicine, pesticide and veterinary medicine. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen once said: "Entering the lung meridian can benefit the temper, stop asthma and cough, and reduce defecation." Ginkgo biloba in Ben Feng Jing Yuan written by Zhang Lulu in Qing Dynasty has the effects of resolving phlegm, detoxicating and killing insects, and can be used to treat "furuncle, ulceration of mammary abscess, dental caries, infantile diarrhea, leucorrhea with red and white discharge, chronic stranguria, nocturnal emission and enuresis". In the Ming Dynasty, Chinese patent medicines made of Ginkgo biloba appeared in Jiangsu, Sichuan and other places for clinical use.
economic value
Immature ginkgo fruit
Ginkgo biloba, also known as ginkgo, belongs to dried fruits, and its economic achievements can last for thousands of years. Among many dried fruits, Ginkgo biloba ranks third in economic value. The value of ginkgo biloba is mainly reflected in food and medicine. China's ginkgo production accounts for 90% of the world's total output. Ginkgo biloba and ginkgo biloba are important products to earn foreign exchange through export, especially important pharmaceutical raw materials for preventing and treating hypertension and heart disease. Ginkgo biloba extract can protect the heart and brain. There are more than 160 kinds of chemical extracts of Ginkgo biloba L., and their chemical components are known. There are mainly flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, polyisoprene, quinic acid, linoleic acid, python oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, α-hexenal, bilobanol, bilobanone and so on. The medicinal use of Ginkgo biloba is mainly reflected in medicine, pesticides and veterinary drugs. [13] Ginkgo biloba was listed as a royal tribute in the Song Dynasty. Japanese people have the habit of eating ginkgo every day. Westerners must eat ginkgo at Christmas. As far as eating methods are concerned, Ginkgo biloba mainly includes fried food, baked food, cooked food, side dishes, cakes, candied fruit, canned food, beverages and alcohol. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen once said: "Entering the lung meridian can benefit the temper, stop asthma and cough, and reduce defecation." Ginkgo biloba in Ben Feng Jing Yuan written by Zhang Lulu in Qing Dynasty has the effects of resolving phlegm, detoxicating and killing insects, and can be used to treat "furuncle, ulceration of mammary abscess, dental caries, infantile diarrhea, leucorrhea with red and white discharge, chronic stranguria, nocturnal emission and enuresis". In the Ming Dynasty, Chinese patent medicines made of Ginkgo biloba appeared in Jiangsu, Sichuan and other places for clinical use. It has the functions of astringing lung and relieving asthma, and is mainly used for treating excessive phlegm, asthma, cough, nocturnal emission, leukorrhagia and frequent urination. Ginkgo biloba exocarp contains a lot of hydrogenated ginkgolic acid and ginkgetin. Ginkgo biloba leaves have the function of regulating respiratory organs, and the water-soluble components of exocarp have good antitussive and expectorant effects, similar to cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. Ginkgo biloba leaves contain ginkgolic acid, which has a strong inhibitory effect on mycobacterium tuberculosis and dermatophytes, so it can be used to treat tuberculosis and dermatoses. The effective rate of epicarp alcohol intermediate in inhibiting 22 common clinical pathogenic fungi was 865438 0%. 0. 1% hydrogenated ginkgolic acid inhibited 25 clinical pathogenic fungi with an effective rate of 92%. Ginkgo biloba leaves have important medicinal value. Ginkgo biloba, bitter and astringent, contains biflavonoids. It has been proved by experiments and clinic that it can reduce serum cholesterol and dilate coronary artery, and has certain auxiliary treatment effect on coronary heart disease and hypertension. In 1960s, the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units developed Shuxuening injection with Ginkgo biloba leaves, which has certain curative effects on coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and cerebrovascular diseases. The inhibitory rate of Ginkgo biloba exocarp extract on apple anthracnose and other plant pathogens was 88%- 100%. The control rate of ethanol extract on geometrid reached 100% within 3 days, and it also had control effects on Tetranychus urticae, Myzus persicae, Chilo suppressalis and other pests. According to Compendium of Herbal Medicine of Folk Veterinary Medicine, Ginkgo preparation can treat strain of livestock, nasal congestion, lung abscess, cough due to lung deficiency, blood drop in urine, leucorrhea of female livestock, etc. Dingchuan decoction developed by Shandong Animal Husbandry Medical Station is used to treat infectious laryngotracheitis in chickens, and the cure rate is 95%. Ginkgo biloba leaves can also be used as pesticides. 1kg leaves add 20kg water, boil for 30min, and then soak for 2-3 days. The control rate of spiders and Pieris rapae is over 90%, and there is no residue. gingkgo
Using the effective chemical components of Ginkgo biloba leaves and its special medical and health care functions to produce health food, medicine and cosmetics is attracting the attention of research, development and production units at home and abroad. Many enterprises in various countries compete to develop and produce natural green products with ginkgo as raw materials to replace synthetic chemicals that have great side effects on human health. There are 20,000 kinds of ginkgo beverage, ginkgo peach juice, ginkgo beer, ginkgo tea and other health products developed from ginkgo leaves in Dafeng Ginkgo Base, Jiangsu Province. Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province is in the forefront of the world in the planting and processing of Ginkgo biloba extract. Ginkgo biloba and ginkgo biloba leaves are used to make healthy pillows. It is recorded in the pillow that precious Chinese herbal medicines such as Ginkgo biloba leaves for more than three years were selected to make healthy pillows. Light and fragrant, it can improve the quality of human breathing and sleep, and can prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases after long-term use. A natural substance for preventing hypertension, apoplexy, diabetes, etc. It is caused by vascularization in adults, and makes adults maintain normal cardiac output and normal nervous system function, especially in middle-aged and elderly people, so that people can maintain normal cell life cycle as much as possible. Ginkgo trees are tall and straight, and wood is a high-grade material for making musical instruments and furniture. Ginkgo wood is of high quality and low price, and is known as "silver fragrant wood" or "silver wood". Ginkgo wood has luster, straight texture, fine structure, easy processing, no cracking, strong corrosion resistance, easy painting, low nail digging power, special medicinal flavor and strong insect resistance. Ginkgo wood can be used to make carved plaques, wooden fish and other handicrafts, and can also be used to make high-end furniture such as cabinets and desks. Ginkgo biloba has the characteristics of singing, guiding sound and elasticity, and is an ideal material for making musical instruments It can be used to make surveying and mapping instruments, pens and other cultural goods, and it is also the first-class wood for making chessboards, chess pieces, sports equipment, seals and small handicrafts. In industrial production, silver wood is most suitable for making machine models and wooden models of X-ray machine filter plates, textile printing and dyeing rollers, bodiless lacquerware, plywood, chopping boards and wooden telephones. Ginkgo biloba is recognized as an economic tree species with greening, beautifying environment and ornamental value. Ginkgo trees are magnificent in appearance, beautiful in leaf shape, long in life and few in pests and diseases. They are most suitable for shade trees, street trees or street trees. It has good ornamental value. Ginkgo biloba is lush in summer and golden in autumn, giving people a handsome, gorgeous, luxurious and elegant feeling. Therefore, ginkgo biloba is regarded as an important tree species in courtyards, sidewalks and gardens at all times and in all countries. When ginkgo biloba is used for street greening, male plants should be selected to avoid polluting pedestrians' clothes. Dandong is the first city in China to use Ginkgo biloba as a street tree, and there are three streets lined with centuries-old Ginkgo biloba.
From Baidu ...