Portrait of Tao Yuanming (13) Tao Yuanming was born in the third year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (about 365-427). Speaking of fame, he is called "Mr. Wuliu" because there are five willows in his family, and he married "Sister Jing" privately (it was opened by a friend after his death, not promulgated by the court, so it is called. Great-grandfather Tao Kan, the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, made outstanding military achievements. He was an official of Fu, the commander-in-chief of the military affairs of the eight countries, and Jing and Jiang were the secretariat of Changsha. Grandfather Tao Mao and father Tao Yi are both governors. He is the first pastoral poet in China. Ren Jiangzhou offered wine, Jianwei joined the army, Zhenjun joined the army, Pengze county magistrate, and then abandoned his official position and retired. Later generations called Mr. Jingjie. There is Tao Yuanming's collection. Its recluse culture has three styles: one is soft, the other is light, and the third is far away. When I was a child, my family declined. When I was nine years old, I lost my father and lived alone with my mother and sister. Orphans and widows live in their grandfather Meng Jia's house. Meng Jia is a contemporary celebrity. "If you don't share the same sky, you won't brag for many years and you will never be happy." . Good wine, more without chaos; As for forgetting pride, no one. "-"The Biography of Meng Zhen, General of the Western Expedition in Jin Dynasty ". Yuan Ming's intentional behavior, many people imitate their ancestors. "-catch the qin dynasty. In the future, his personality and accomplishment will largely be his grandfather's legacy. Grandfather's family has a lot of books, which provides him with the conditions to read ancient books and understand history. In the Jin Dynasty, the literati took Zhuang and Lao as their ancestors and copied the Six Classics. He not only studied Lao Zi and Zhuangzi like ordinary literati, but also studied the Six Classics of Confucianism and "different books" such as literature, history and mythology. Influenced by the ideological trend of the times and the family environment, he accepted two different thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism, and cultivated two different interests: "aiming high" and "loving the mountains". Yuan Ming returned to the map drunk.

[1] When Tao Yuanming was a teenager, he had the ambition to escape from the world. He devoted himself to thinking far away-the ambition of miscellaneous poems. In 393, filial piety was eighteen years. With the desire of "great help for life", he served as a wine sacrifice in Jiangzhou. At that time, the gate valve system was strict. He came from a civilian family and was looked down upon. He felt that he "couldn't stand being an official and turned himself in in a few days" —— Biography of Jin Shu Tao Qian. After he resigned and went home, the country called him the main book again, and he declined politely. In the fourth year of Long 'an (400 years), Andi went to Jingzhou and joined Huan Xuan as a vassal. At this time, Huan Xuan was controlling the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, eyeing the opportunity to usurp the Eastern Jin regime. Of course, he refused to go with Huan Xuan and be the confidant of the careerist. He wrote in his poem: "How to get as far as Xijing without this." -"Xin Chou's Night Tour in Jiangling in July" has a sense of regret for Shi Huanxuan. "How can you drown in long-term love?" -"Two Poems by Gengzi in Mid-May, From the Capital to the Ruling Forest" made a deep sigh for the official life of the people who bowed to their knees. In the winter of five years in Longan, because his mother died, he resigned and went home. In the first month of the first year of Yuanxing (402), Huan Xuan sent troops against the imperial court, invaded Jiankang and seized the military and political power in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the second year of Yuanxing, Huan Xuan overtly usurped the throne in Jiankang, changed his title to Chu, and imprisoned Andi in Xunyang. In his hometown, he devoted himself to self-financing and sang behind closed doors: "Under the tomb door, he is isolated from the world." Look around, who knows, Fei Jing is normally closed. "Huan Xuan peanuts, disdain. In the third year of Yuanxing, the general, Xiapi Wudi and He Wuji set out from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) to crusade against Huan. Huan Xuan defeated the West and brought Andy, who was imprisoned in Xunyang, to Jiangling. He left home to join the army under Emperor Wu of Song (Tao Yuanming joined the army after Emperor Wu of Song captured Jiankang). When Emperor Wu of Song crusaded against Huan Xuan, he disguised himself according to Tian Chou's story of loyalty to the Eastern Han Dynasty. Qiao Tao Yuanming wrote it in calligraphy.

Tao Yuanming's handwriting

He pretended to be a private person, ventured to Jiankang, and reported the whole process of Huan Xuan's kidnapping Andi to Jiangling to Emperor Wu of Song, thus realizing the will to resist the usurper. He happily wrote a poem: "I am not afraid of being ignorant at forty." My car is famous, and I want to be famous. " Although thousands of miles away, how dare you! "-the fourth chapter of Mr. Murong. After Emperor Wu of Song entered into health, his style was quite remarkable. The politics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has long been corrupted by "abolishing all officials". After Emperor Wu of Song "set an example", he first banned it by threatening (prohibiting it in advance). "Officials at home and abroad are all in awe and change their customs." His personality, talent and achievements are quite similar to those of Tao Kan, and he once had a good impression on him. However, shortly after the curtain went up, I saw that Emperor Wu of Song killed Huan Xuan's meritorious Diao Kui family and innocent Wang Yu's father and son in order to cut off dissidents, and with his love affair, he appointed Wang Shu, a confidant of Huan Xuan who everyone thought should be killed, as an important official, such as recorder and master of Yangzhou secretariat. These dark phenomena disappointed him. In the poem "A Qubo, the Song of the First Town Army Joining the Army", I wrote: "My eyes are tired of mountains and rivers, and my heart is full of mountains and rivers." "Words and deeds, after all, class, live in Shandong." Then he resigned and lived in seclusion. In the first year of Yixi (405), he was transferred to General Jianwei and Jiangzhou secretariat Liu Shenjun. In March, he was ordered to go to Jiankang to resign for Liu. After Liu left his post, he also left. In the autumn of the same year, his uncle Tao Kui introduced him as Pengze County Magistrate. On the 8th1day, I met Du You of Xunyang County, and his subordinates said, "Make a belt and welcome him." He sighed: "I can't bend over to the children in the village for five buckets of rice." "He was awarded the seal of leaving his post. Tao Yuanming's thirteen-year official career ended with his resignation from pengze county. These thirteen years were thirteen years in which he tried, disappointed and finally despaired in order to realize his ideal and ambition of "helping the poor". Finally, the poem "Return to Xi Ci" shows the determination to break with the upper ruling class and not go along with the secular.

Tao Yuanming resigned from his post (Figure 5) Tao Yuanming resigned from his post and returned to Li, leading a life of "plowing the fields and killing himself". Because there are five willows planted in front of his house, he is called Mr. Five willows. His wife, Zhai, shares his interests. She is happy and humble. "Her husband plows in front and her wife hoes in the back." * * * is closely related to work and living, and it is getting closer to the working people. At the beginning of returning to the field, life was ok. "There are more than ten acres of square houses, eight or nine straw houses, Liu Yin Houyan, Li Tao Luo tang qian." Yuan Ming loves chrysanthemums, and chrysanthemums are planted everywhere at home. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan"-"Drinking" has been well-known so far. He is a heavy drinker and will get drunk when he drinks it. When friends visit, no matter how high or low, as long as there is wine at home, they will drink together. He got drunk first, and then said to the guests, "I'm drunk enough to sleep." For four years, Yixi lived in underground Beijing (now at the foot of Xiyujing Mountain in Xing Zi County) and moved to Lili (now Tao Lili Village, a hot spring in Xing Zi), making life even more difficult. If there is a bumper harvest, you can also "enjoy drinking spring wine and picking vegetables from our garden" to prevent "hunger in summer and sleeping at night" in disaster years. As we approached Yixi, an old farmer knocked at the door early in the morning, brought wine to drink with him and advised him to be an official: "A child in rags is waiting for the door."

Come down, it's not high enough. I've been Shang Tong all my life (right or wrong). May you gurgle through it (collusion). "He replied," I was deeply impressed by my father's words and I was very angry. If you are sincere, you can learn, but if you violate it, you will not be fascinated. And * * * enjoy this drink, I can't drive back. "-"Drinking "declined the old farmer's advice in a tone of" harmony but difference ". In his later years, his life became poorer and poorer. Some friends offered to send money to help him, and sometimes he couldn't help asking for a loan. His old friend was appointed as the magistrate of Shi 'an County in the first year of Jingping (423). After Xunyang, I went to his house to drink every day. When I left, I left 20 thousand yuan, sent them to the hotel and drank them one by one. However, he asked for a loan or accepted charity in principle. In the first year of Yuanjia, Song Wendi (424), Tandaoji, the secretariat of Jiangzhou, paid a personal visit. At this point, he was sick and hungry for several days, and he couldn't get out of bed. Tan Daoji advised him: "Sages are alive, but if there is no way in the world, they will be hidden. Where there is a road, there is a road. This child was born in the civilized world. Why do you suffer? " He said: "I dare not look at sages, but I don't have that big ambition." Tan Daoji gave the meat to Liang, but he waved away. He resigned from his post and returned to his hometown for 22 years. He has been living a poor and rural life, but when he is old, his interest in keeping poor and honest is getting stronger and stronger. In the fourth year of Yuanjia (427), when he was conscious in mid-September, he wrote three elegies for himself. In the last two sentences of the third poem, he said, "What is the way to die? It shows that he is so natural about death. In 427 AD, Tao Yuanming finished his 63-year life course (the date of birth of Tao Yuanming has yet to be verified, so the 63-year theory here has yet to be verified) and died. He was buried in the tomb of Tao Jiagong at the foot of Nanshan Mountain, at the foot of Mianyang Mountain at the junction of Jiujiang County and Xing Zi County in Jiangxi Province today. Today, Tao Yuanming's tomb is well preserved. The tombstone consists of three monuments, one big and two small. In the middle of the regular script, the "Tomb of Mr. Jingjie, Duke of Jin" is engraved with the epitaph on the left and the word "Qu Ci" on the right, which was written by pottery descendants in the first year of Qing Qianlong. [