2. "Take One Step, Take Another Step" is selected from "Contemporary Teenagers". Author: Morton? Hunter, American writer. Through my childhood climbing experience, the author realized a universal philosophy of life: no matter what dangers and difficulties you encounter on the road of life, as long as you break them down into small difficulties and overcome them step by step, you will eventually overcome the greatest difficulties. Of course, it is important to take every step and go on step by step.
3. Two short essays
① Cicada is selected from Teaching Notes. Author: Xiao Si, formerly known as Luan Luan Wei, expressed his wishes in kind and praised the preciousness of life. Theme: Life is not about length, but about living well.
② Shell is selected from Fantasy —— Appreciation of Xi Murong's Prose. Author: Xi Murong. Objective: Although life is limited, we should face it well, create it and make it look as beautiful, precious and magical as a shell.
4. "Wisteria Waterfall" is selected from "Iron Xiao Yu Ren". Author: Zong Pu. Zong Pu, female, formerly known as Feng Zhongpu, whose pen names are Ren Xiaozhe and Feng Fei. Daughter of the famous philosopher Feng Youlan. Main content: This is a lyric essay about scenery. The author describes the wisteria in full bloom today, recalls the experience that wisteria was cut down under the extreme "left" thought more than ten years ago (during the Cultural Revolution), and reveals its symbolic significance: "Flowers and people will encounter all kinds of misfortunes, but the long river of life is endless." It is a flower among thousands of flowers, and it is also a flower, which constitutes a gorgeous flowing waterfall among thousands of flowers. This article is actually about people and a society made up of people. A lush flower symbolizes the prosperity and vitality of the present society, and also praises the beauty and tenacity of life through flowers. His major works include the short stories Red Bean, Peach Blossom Garden, Daughter Marry Me, Quiet Lake, Back Door and Companion.
5. Childlike interest is selected from Six Chapters of a Floating Life? Leisure and entertainment. " Shen Fu, a native of Changzhou, was a writer in Qing Dynasty. Main content: This is an article full of childlike interest. With vivid style, the author fully displays association and imagination, recalls childhood life, and shows "interest outside things", which reflects children's rich imagination and naive childlike interest. Six chapters of a floating life * * * six volumes. The title of each volume records boudoir, leisure, ups and downs, wandering around the world, Zhongshan calendar and health care.
6. "Ideal" is selected from "Poems of Liushahe" Author: Liushahe, a contemporary poet. Formerly known as Yu Xuntan. Main idea of the article: This poem compares the connotation of ideals from different angles and praises the profound significance of ideals to life, thus calling on people to set up lofty goals in life and work hard for them. His main works are Send to the Yellow River, Window, Night in the Country, Farewell to Mars, Vegetation, Six Poems of Hometown, etc.
7. "two papers"
(1) Street trees are selected from Selected Works of Zhang Xiaofeng. By Zhang Xiaofeng. Use street trees to compare selfless devotees, express their hearts and praise their lofty spirit through their confessions.
(2) It's nice for the first time is selected from Zhou Sushan's Songs Without Words. The first time the author saw the pomelo tree, it triggered memories of the first sight of the chicks by the ten sisters, and summarized his own feelings. He believes that "first feeling" is a rare and precious experience in life, which not only brings us freshness and excitement, but also brings us new life fields and life experiences.
8. "Fable of Life" is selected from "Zhou Wen Ji". Author: Zhou, the main content: How to face wealth and misfortune are the themes of two fables.
The fable The White Rabbit and the Moon tells the truth from the story that the white rabbit got the moon and abandoned it, warning us to have a correct understanding of wealth.
(2) The fable "The Prince in Danger" draws a conclusion from the life experience of a prince that bad luck can make the vulnerable people strong, and by extension, it shows that there is no unbearable suffering in the world. Tell us: Bad luck can make people with fragile personalities strong.
9. "My Faith" is selected from "The Wisdom of Modern People" Author: Marie Curie, French and Polish physicist and chemist. The famous scientist won the Nobel Prize twice. Main idea of the article: My belief is Madame Curie's summary and review of her personality, life, ideals and beliefs. The article first summarizes that as a person, we should have perseverance and confidence to guide the whole article. From this point of view, her tenacious will and the spirit of not giving up until she reaches her goal; She is indifferent to fame and fortune, willing to be quiet and simple, and not tempted by the secular; As a free scholar, she longs for free academic research in a free country; Her great interest and enthusiasm for scientific research is the key to her great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. We can easily see the author's ideals and beliefs from her memories. He is the author of Isotopes and Their Compositions and Radioactivity.
10. Ten Analects of Confucius. Selected from The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucianism. Confucius was born in the Spring and Autumn Period (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province). China was a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient times, and was honored as a "saint" in feudal society. The Analects of Confucius, Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius are all called "Four Books", which are required books for scholars in feudal society.
1 1. Spring is selected from the complete works of Zhu Ziqing. Author: Zhu Ziqing, a famous modern essayist, poet, scholar and democracy fighter. Main idea of the article: Spring is a beautiful lyric prose. Mr. Zhu Ziqing made a comprehensive and meticulous observation of spring with childlike innocence and childlike eyes, grasped the characteristics of spring, accurately and vividly described the unique scene of spring in the south of the Yangtze River, expressed his admiration for spring, and expressed the author's thoughts and feelings of loving life and being proactive. The full text is divided into spring grass map, spring flower map, spring breeze map, spring rain map and Spring Festival map. There are mainly poems Trace, essays Back, European Travel Miscellaneous Notes, You and Me, London Miscellaneous Notes, as well as literary and artistic works, poems and speeches, and appreciation of local conditions and customs. Representative works of prose include Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, Back, Green, etc.
12. Winter in Jinan is selected from the complete works of Lao She. About the author: Lao She (1899— 1966), formerly known as Shu Qingchun, Manchu, Beijinger, is a famous writer. Main contents: The author grasps the characteristics of "warm and beautiful" in winter in Jinan, takes mountains and water as the main description objects, describes the unique beauty of winter in Jinan from different angles with accurate and beautiful literature, and expresses the precious feelings of loving the rivers and mountains of the motherland. There are mainly novels such as Lao Zhang's Philosophy, Camel Xiangzi, A Family of Four Generations, Unknown Heights, Longxugou and Teahouse.
13. Liang Heng's Summer Feeling. Write down the characteristics of tension, enthusiasm and haste in summer, express love for summer and praise for workers.
14. Autumn is selected from The Prophecy by He Qifang, a modern essayist, poet and literary critic. Original name: He Shuifang. Main idea of the article: In autumn, the poet described farm life in the most concise language, and painted three pictures in the order from far to near. Every poem is a picture-a picture of a farmer Harvest figure, a picture of a fish returning in a frosty morning, and a picture of a girl who misses love. His works include a collection of essays, Painting Dreams.
15. Four ancient poems
(1) Looking at the Sea is selected from Yuefu Poetry, which is the first chapter of Yuefu Poetry "Out of Xiamen". About the author: Cao Cao was born in Mond, Guo Peiqiao County (now An Wei). Politicians, militarists and poets in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The poet integrated the high-spirited spirit into his poems: he wrote about the vitality of the mountain island and pinned his high-spirited fighting spirit; Writing about the vastness of the sea expressed his heroic enterprising spirit; Writing about the scenery of the sea swallowing the sun and the moon shows that he has a broad mind and the spirit of embracing all rivers.
(2) The next berth on Beibao Mountain is selected from Wang Wan's Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty. The third part points out the poet's travel time. This is the end of winter, the beginning of new year, and the end of night and dawn. "... the night becomes an ocean of the sun", what a magnificent sunrise! It is a sunrise on the river, but the poet calls it "sea day". This is not an exaggeration, but a true feeling. Because the river is vast and the water and sky are the same, when Asahi jumps, it really makes people feel like they are in the vast sea. The glory of the Asahi drove away the last night, but no one will forget that this splendid scene happened to be conceived in the cold night that has passed away. The change of the writing order of the next sentence "the old year melts in the freshness" This change is carried out unconsciously. The boundary between the new year and the old year is so blurred that the poet feels. It was "Jiang Chun" who broke into the "old year". The sea and the sun looked strange at night, and Jiang Chun didn't wait until the end of the old year. Time flies, fate is ruthless, and the poet "doesn't even need letters to keep in touch with our hometown". Why can't he arouse a strong nostalgia for his hometown?
③ A Spring Tour in Qiantang is selected from Bai's Changqing Collection. Author: Bai Juyi. "A few early warblers compete for warm trees, and young swallows peck at new mud. Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes. " These four sentences are the core of Bai Juyi's poem, which is the most striking sentence, and also the finishing touch of Bai's poems describing spring scenery, especially the spring scenery of the West Lake. After personifying the birds in the sky, Bai Juyi turned his eyes to the vegetation under his feet. Before rendering with personification and after setting off with human feelings, Bai Juyi can really enjoy this paradise on earth given by nature because he has such a rare aesthete's appreciation eye and a unique eye to discover its moving place.
④ Tianjingsha Qiu Si is selected from Yolanda Sanqu by Ma Zhiyuan, an outstanding dramatist and Sanqu writer in Yuan Dynasty. In the first two sentences, the old vines make people faint, and the small bridges flow, creating a cold and bleak atmosphere and showing a fresh and quiet realm. The old vines here give people a bleak feeling, and it is already evening. Small bridges and flowing water make people feel relaxed and happy. 12 calligraphy and painting create a quiet pastoral scenery in late autumn. The ancient road became thinner with the west wind, and the poet described a bleak and desolate artistic conception of autumn wind, adding another layer of desolation to the quiet rural map. The setting sun adds a bit of bleak light to this bleak picture and deepens the sad atmosphere. The poet skillfully connects ten plain and objective scenes in series, and naturally puts the poet's infinite worries in the picture through words such as withered, old, light, ancient, western and thin. In the last sentence, heartbroken people are the crowning touch in the horizon. At this time, a wanderer appeared on the picture of the country in late autumn. On the desolate ancient road when the sun sets, he leads a thin horse and walks in the biting autumn wind. It hurts, but he doesn't know where his home is. This poem reveals the poet's sadness and expresses the theme appropriately.
16. Zhang Feng's Stone. Main idea of the article: This article is a narrative poem. Scientists show the magical scene hundreds of millions of years ago by studying fossils, thus praising the magic of science and the greatness of mankind.
17. "Seeing the weather from the clouds" Author: Zhu Yongxi This is an explanatory article that introduces the method of identifying the weather. The author uses vivid images and language to outline various clouds, so that readers can gain a lot of weather knowledge to identify rain and snow. Monograph Ye Shengtao's Art of Language Modification.
18. Green Fruit is selected from The Story of Insects by Fabres, a famous French writer and entomologist. Main idea of this article: This is an interesting article. The author writes the slug vividly with lively brushwork, which is very readable, and the lines between the lines benefit from my respect and love for life.
19. Footprints on the Moon by Zhu Changchao. Main idea of the article: This paper truly records the whole process of American astronauts Armstrong, Collins and Aldrin landing on the moon, and points out the great significance of landing on the moon.
20. Mountain City is selected from the sixth volume of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Author: Pu Songling. Liu Xian, a writer in Qing Dynasty. This paper not only writes the unpredictable scene of the mountain city, but also expresses the mood of the witnesses. The artistic conception is beautiful and worth appreciating.
2 1. Kite is selected from Weeds. Author: Lu Xun. Formerly known as Zhou Shuren. The word Yucai comes from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Famous writer, thinker and revolutionary. Main idea of the article: Kate recalled a teenager's "I" past, and thus expressed his thoughts and feelings of repentance and self-blame. I never like flying kites, and I don't allow my little brother to fly kites. Once, I rudely destroyed the kite he worked so hard to make. But later, after I came into contact with foreign books on education, I found that I had done something wrong, so I repented very much and longed for remedy. But when "I" mentioned it to my middle-aged brother, he had forgotten it. In this regard, "I" not only did not feel relieved, but felt even heavier. It reveals the scientific truth that "games are children's most legitimate behavior and toys are children's angels". Criticized the feudal education system that stifled children's free and lively nature. He is the author of Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China. Shouting, grave robbery, hot air, wandering, the continuation of flower collection, etc. , novella The True Story of Ah Q, newly collected essays, three idle episodes, two-hearted episodes, North-South episodes, pseudo-free books, quasi-romance, lace literature, street pavilion essays.
22. The antelope woodcarving is selected from Oriental Boys. Author: Zhang Zhilu. Purpose of the article: Based on the antelope wood carving, this paper describes a contradiction between me and my parents, praises the children's sincere and selfless friendship, implicitly criticizes the parents' behavior of valuing righteousness over profit, and warns parents to understand their children's hearts and respect their innocent feelings.
23. Mo Huaiqi's "Walking". Main idea of the article: Walking describes the trivial things that three generations of grandparents and grandchildren walk together, shows the sincere feelings of mutual respect and care among families, and embodies the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation to respect the old and love the young.
24. Two prose poems
(1) The Golden Flower is selected from Selected Poems of Tagore. Author: Tagore. Indian writer, poet and social activist. Main idea of the article: At first glance, this is a poem about children playing with their mothers, which expresses the children's love for their mothers, and there is nothing strange about it. But Tagore is a great writer because his poems can continue to move forward where the feelings and thoughts of ordinary poets stop, go deeper and enter the realm of "forgetting me". His early works include poetry collection Twilight, Morning Song, King and Queen, novel Little Sand, Shipwreck, Gora, script Mojidotara, Post Office, Red Oleander, poetry collection Gitanjaly, New Moon Collection, Gardener Collection, etc.
(2) "Lotus Mother" Author: Bing Xin. This is an essay about writing people's stories through scenery. The article starts with the lotus in our yard, focusing on the lotus in the rain. The author found that the lotus leaf covered the lotus in the rain and touched himself, so he had associations, remembered his mother, and remembered the scene where her mother loved her children, and took this opportunity to express his feelings for her mother to protect her children's growth. This is how "I" is written in "Lotus". The purpose of writing lotus leaf is to write about mother, so as to reach the realm that "I" is a lotus flower in the storm, and mother is a lotus leaf that resists the storm for the lotus flower. Yes, even the lotus leaf will consciously protect the lotus, not to mention the mother loves her children. So he wrote at the end: "Mom! You are a lotus leaf, I am a red lotus, and the raindrops in my heart are coming. Except you, who is the shade under my unobstructed sky? " A few simple strokes clarified the main idea and deepened the center. "Rain in my heart" refers to the ups and downs on the road of life, and only my mother is the one who protects herself from the ups and downs on the road of life.
25. Shi Shuo Xin Yu is selected from Liu Yiqing's Yu Jiaxi Shi Shuo Xin Yu.
26. The Emperor's New Clothes is selected from Andersen's fairy tales and stories. Author: Andersen. A famous Danish fairy tale writer. Main idea of the article: This article satirizes the luxury, ignorance, hypocrisy, stupidity and self-deception of the feudal ruling class humorously and bitterly through the humorous story that an incompetent and extravagant emperor was cheated away by two swindlers posing as weavers and marched naked. This paper describes the invisible "beautiful new clothes" that don't actually exist, and deeply exposes the ugly souls of emperors and princes. She is the author of Thumbelina, The Little Match Girl and The Ugly Duckling.
27. "Two Poems by Guo Moruo" is selected from the Complete Works of Guo Moruo, formerly known as Guo Kaizhen, a native of Leshan, Sichuan, a poet and scholar. Main contents:
The poem "Market in the Sky" is based on the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in ancient China. It depicts the wonderful scene of Tianjie with rich and peculiar imagination, and expresses the poet's thoughts and feelings of getting rid of feudal bondage, pursuing ideals and yearning for freedom and happiness.
(2) The poem Silent Night was written by the poet while studying in Japan. Through the description of moonlight, pine trees, sparse stars, Tianhe and white clouds, the author paints an extremely quiet and beautiful moonlit scene, expresses his disappointment with the times, and vaguely reveals his yearning for his motherland, hometown and relatives. His representative works include Goddess and Starry Sky.
28. "Nu Wa Made Man" Author: Yuan Ke. Mythologist. New people in Sichuan Province. The main content: The article describes the creation process of Nu Wa in detail, showing the primitive people's curiosity and pursuit of human origin, and their imaginative explanation under the social life conditions at that time. He is the author of Ancient Myths of China, Selected Explanations of Ancient Myths, Collation of Classic of Mountains and Seas, Collection of Mythological Prose, etc.
29. The Blind Child and His Shadow is selected from Selected Works of Jin Bo (Hebei Children's Publishing House, 1997 edition). Author: Jin Bo. Main idea of the article: From the care and help of "shadow" and "firefly" to blind children, the article summarizes the theme that everyone should care for the weak, and only "love" can make them feel the bright and beautiful life.
30. Hermes and the sculptor, as well as mosquitoes and lions in the four fables are selected from Aesop's fables. Author: Aesop. Ancient Greek fable writer. Aesop's Fables is a story handed down from ancient Greece and Rome, which is collected by later generations and belongs to Aesop. "A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise" is selected from Han Feizi? Said it was hard. Author: Han Fei, a famous thinker at the end of the Warring States Period. "Naoko Wondering Neighbors" is selected from Huainanzi? Human training. Huainan Zi, also known as Huainan Lie Hong, was written by Liu An. Main content: Hermes and the sculptor satirized those who were conceited and vain. Mosquito and the Lion satirizes those who get carried away. Because they ignore their own shortcomings, they are doomed to be defeated by villains. "Naoko is suspicious of neighbors" means that you should only listen to the right opinions. Don't look at who put forward this opinion, and you can't be biased against people. A blessing in disguise means that a bad thing can turn into a good thing under certain conditions.
Introduction to famous books
I: stars and springs
The Star is a collection of poems, consisting of 164 short poems. Bing Xin believed in "the philosophy of love" all her life, and she thought that "with love, there is everything". In the Stars, she kept praising love. What she loves to praise most is maternal love. Bing Xin not only loves her parents, but also cherishes brotherhood. She loves her three younger brothers. In one of her later articles, she wrote a letter to a young reader. Thirteen, she also compared her three younger brothers to three bright stars. Bing Xin praised maternal love, human love and childlike innocence. At the same time, she also praised nature, especially the sea she was familiar with as a child. Praising nature, childlike innocence and maternal love has become the eternal theme of Bing Xin's life creation. "Spring Water" is a companion piece of "Stars", which consists of 182 short poems. It was also published in the morning paper first, but the spring water came out three months later than the stars. In "Spring Water", although Bing Xin is still praising maternal love, affection, childlike innocence and nature, she has spent more space to express herself and her implicitly.
The troubles and pains of young intellectuals. She spoke her mind with a gentle tone and a little sadness.
Feeling is also exploring the meaning of life and expressing the desire to know the true colors of the world.
Ⅱ: Aesop's Fables
Aesop, born in the 6th century BC, is an ancient Greek fable. It is said that he was a slave, later released and finally killed for "blasphemy".
Aesop's fables come from the people, so the life, thoughts and feelings of people from all walks of life have been more prominently reflected. For example, exposing the greed and selfishness of the rich; The cruel nature of whipping the wicked; Affirm that labor creates wealth; An attack on social inequality; A satire on cowardice and laziness; Praise for the brave struggle. There are also many fables that teach people how to be a man, how to be a man, how to distinguish right from wrong, and how to become smart and wise. Aesop's Fables is an overview, refinement and summary of the life and struggle of the ancient Greeks, and it is a spiritual legacy left by the ancient Greeks to future generations.
Aesop's fables are concise, vivid, imaginative, philosophical, ideological and artistic. Among them, the farmer and snake, fox and grape, wolf and lamb, tortoise and rabbit race, shepherd boy and wolf, farmer and his children have become household names all over the world.
Aesop's fables are the essence of fables and the precious spiritual wealth of mankind. We refer to some stories in Aesop's Fables compiled by Tianjin Xin Lei Publishing House and recommend them to children who love literature in the relevant columns of Tianjin Online Children's Palace. I hope you like them. And learn from it.
Aesop's Fables is serialized, and the content of the story is changed regularly. We strive to make the translation lively, lively, natural and simple. Each story is accompanied by comments to help young readers understand its rich connotation; All fables are accompanied by illustrations, and the words and pictures complement each other, enhancing the artistic appeal of fables.
The focus of this semester:
(1) Classical Chinese: Chen Taiqiu and Duan Friendship, Ten Analects of Confucius, Naoko can't guess the neighbors, and a blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise.
② Modern articles in the class: Spring and Winter in Jinan, Lotus Mother, Kite and Market in the Sky.
Formula 5 of health-care medicinal liquor: Ginseng Guben wine.
Materials: Ginseng, Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Fructus Lycii, Rad