Confucius Temple, also known as Composition Temple, is a temple building built to commemorate Confucius, a great thinker and educator in China. Among them, Nanjing Confucius Temple, Qufu Confucius Temple, Beijing Confucius Temple and Jilin Confucius Temple are also called the four major Confucius Temples in China. There are more than 1 600 Confucius temples in China, of which only 300 are well preserved, and 2 1 is listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Confucius died in Lu Aigong in the 16th year (479 BC) and built a temple in his former residence the following year. This is the beginning of building a temple for Confucius and the origin of the Queli Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong Province today. "Book of Rites" said: "Anyone who becomes a monk will be released from the sage's teacher."
Before the Tang Dynasty, the so-called sages referred to Duke Zhou or Confucius. After the Tang Dynasty, it specifically refers to Confucius, so the Confucius Temple is also called the former Confucius Temple.
When Emperor Ping of Han Dynasty, Confucius was made a public by posthumous title, so Confucius Temple was also called Temple. After Nanliang, it is also called Xuansheng Temple.
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, King Wenxuan of posthumous title was also called Wenxuan Palace. After Yongle in Ming Dynasty, it was also called the Confucian Temple. In three years, it was renamed Confucius Temple.
Brief introduction of Confucius temple
Confucius Temple, also known as Composition Temple, is a temple building built to commemorate Confucius, a great thinker and educator in China, which is spread all over China.
All previous dynasties were also called Confucian Temple, Confucius Temple, Taishang Temple, Shixian Temple, Xiansheng Temple and Wenxuan King Temple, especially named Confucian Temple.
Among them, Nanjing Confucius Temple, Qufu Confucius Temple, Beijing Confucius Temple and Jilin Confucius Temple are also called the four major Confucius Temples in China.
China, North Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore, the United States and other countries have more than 2,000 Confucius temples, and China has more than 1600. At present, there are only over 300 well-preserved Confucius temples in China, and 2 1 temple is listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit.
Extended data:
Confucius Temples in China:
1, Nanjing Confucius Temple
Nanjing Confucius Temple is located in Gong Yuan Street on the north bank of Qinhuai River in Qinhuai District, Nanjing, west of Jiangnan Gongyuan, namely Nanjing Confucius Temple, Nanjing Confucian Temple and Wenxuan King Temple. It is the first national institution of higher learning in China and the four major Confucian temples in China.
As the hub of China's ancient culture and the gathering place of Jinling's history and humanities, it is not only the cultural and educational center of Nanjing in Ming and Qing Dynasties, but also the cultural and educational complex that ranks first among the southeast provinces. Now it is an important part of the Qinhuai scenic belt of Confucius Temple.
Confucius Temple is a group of large-scale ancient buildings, mainly composed of Confucius Temple, Gong Xue and Gong Yuan, covering a huge area. There are buildings such as Zhaobi, Chi Pan, Paifang, Juxing Court, Kuixingge, Lingxingmen, Dacheng Hall, Mingdetang and Zunjingge.
Confucius Temple, known as the scenic spot of Qinhuai, has become a characteristic scenic spot in the ancient capital Nanjing. It is the largest traditional ancient market in China, and ranks as the four major downtown areas in China along with Shanghai Chenghuang Temple, Suzhou Xuanmiao Temple and Beijing Tianqiao.
Confucius Temple was built in the third year of Sima Yan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (337), and was converted into Confucius Temple in the first year of Song Jing (1034). From the Six Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many aristocratic families gathered nearby, so it was called "Six Dynasties Gold Powder".
Hundreds of famous military strategists, politicians and writers such as Fan Li, Zhou Yu, Wang Dao, Xie An, Li Bai, Du Mu and Wu have created immortal achievements here, writing a chapter that will be told for generations.
Nanjing Confucius Temple was destroyed by four and built by five. The last time was destroyed by the artillery fire of the Japanese invaders in 1937. After the renovation of 1985, the Confucius Temple received more than 1 100 million visitors, more than1100,000 visitors on weekdays and more than 300,000 visitors on holidays. It is a famous national AAAAA tourist attraction in China, and also a famous tourist attraction at home and abroad.
2. Qufu Confucius Temple
Confucius Temple (Qufu), located 300 meters west of the Drum Tower in Qufu City, is a temple dedicated to Confucius, a famous thinker and educator in ancient China.
It was built in the seventeenth year of Lu Aigong (478 BC) and has been expanded and repaired in all dynasties. Together with the neighboring Confucius House and Kong Lin in the north of the city, it is called "Three Holes". It is a group of ancient buildings with oriental architectural characteristics, large scale and magnificent momentum.
Confucius Temple in Qufu, also known as "Queli-Shengmiao", is dedicated to the former residence of Confucius at the age of 18. Since the Western Han Dynasty, emperors of past dynasties have continuously sealed posthumous title for Confucius, and the scale of Confucius Temple has become larger and larger, becoming the largest Confucius Temple in China.
Most of the existing buildings were completed in the Ming and Qing dynasties, covering an area of 327 mu, with 9 courtyards before and after. There are 464 halls, altars and gates in the temple. Surrounded by red walls and turrets at four corners, it is modeled after the Forbidden City in Beijing.
Confucius Temple in Qufu is called an "isolated case" in the history of world architecture by architect Liang Sicheng. 196 1 year, the State Council listed "Three Holes" as a national key cultural relics protection unit; 1994 is listed as "World Cultural Heritage" by UNESCO.
Now it is a national AAAAA-level scenic spot, and ranks as the three major ancient buildings in China along with the Forbidden City and the Summer Resort. Together with Nanjing Confucius Temple, Beijing Confucius Temple and Jilin Confucian Temple, it is called the four major Confucian temples in China.
3. Beijing Confucius Temple
Confucius Temple in Beijing, located in Guozijian Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, was the place where Confucius was sacrificed in China during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It, together with Nanjing Confucius Temple, Jilin Confucius Temple and Qufu Confucius Temple, is called the four major Confucius Temples in China.
It was built in the sixth year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty (1302), completed in the tenth year of Dade (1306) and rebuilt in the ninth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (14 1 1).
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Interpretation of imperial academy glass arch in Confucius Temple
Explanation of imperial academy glass archway in Confucius Temple:
Stepping into the gate of imperial academy, there is a tall and gorgeous glazed archway with three doors, four pillars and seven seats. There is more than one similar archway in Beijing, but the glazed archway in imperial academy is special, unique and unique. First, because it is located in front of the emperor's lecture palace "Biyong", it can be said to be the gate of Biyong. The top of the archway is covered with yellow glazed tiles, which has typical royal architectural characteristics. Other glazed archways are built in temples, with green glazed tiles on top. Second, there are no religious ornaments on the archway. The banners of "Love the Bridge and Teach Ze" and "Learn the Sea Festival View" written on the north and south sides above the middle gate of the archway were written by Emperor Qianlong. Its significance is directly related to education.
Introduction of Confucius Temple Scenic Area?
Brief introduction of Confucius Temple, Confucius Forest and Confucius House;
Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Confucius Forest located in Qufu, Shandong Province are the only large-scale buildings in China, and they are cemeteries dedicated to Confucius' descendants and Confucius and their descendants. Confucius (55 BC1~ 419) was the founder of Confucianism in China. In the second year after his death, his residence was converted into a Confucius Temple, which was sacrificed every year. After the Han dynasty, emperors of all dynasties advocated respecting Confucius and reading classics, and continued to pursue Confucius. At the same time, they expanded his ancestral temple, and the scale of Confucius Temple became larger and larger.
The existing Confucius Temple covers an area of 327.5 mu, with 466 buildings and 9 courtyards. The longitudinal axis runs through the whole building, which is symmetrical left and right, with rigorous layout and magnificent momentum. The first three courtyards are equipped with guiding buildings, such as doors or archways. Fourth, into the courtyard, there is a three-eaves pavilion, Kuiwen Pavilion, which contains books given by emperors in previous dynasties. There is an "apricot altar" in the Seventh Hospital, which is said to be the place where Confucius gave lectures before his death.
On the east side of Confucius Temple is Confucius House, the hereditary residence of Confucius' eldest grandson. Founded in the Song Dynasty, it has been expanding from generation to generation, forming the present scale. It covers an area of more than 200 mu and has more than 480 houses. The combination of official residence and residence is a typical feudal aristocratic manor. The hall of the official residence is used to accept the imperial edict issued by the emperor or handle family affairs. There is a garden in the backyard of Confucius House, which is elegant, fresh and unique in layout. It is a masterpiece of gardens and a model of the combination of gardens and houses.
Kong Lin, also known as Zhishenglin, is located outside the north gate of Qufu City, covering an area of 3,000 mu and surrounded by a brick forest wall of 14. It is the family cemetery of Confucius and his descendants. There is a cypress passage in Kong Lin. Entering Kong Lin, you have to pass through the tomb of 1200m, and then pass through stone archways, stone bridges and tunnels to reach the tomb of Confucius. The tomb of Confucius is 6 meters high. To the east of the tomb are the tombs of Confucius' son and grandson Kong. In Kong Lin, some graves still have carved China watches, stone statues and stone beasts.
Introduction to the tour guide words of Confucius Temple
Friends of tourists:
Hello everyone! Welcome to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius. My name is Zhao, and I'm the tour guide. I will accompany you to visit Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Confucius Forest.
First of all, let me give you a brief introduction to the life of Confucius. Confucius (5565438 BC+0-479 BC), Zhong Ni, was born in Nishan, Qufu. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, he gathered in Luduke to give lectures on the "Six Classics" (Rites, Music, Shooting, Imperial, Calligraphy, Numbering), and summed up a set of effective theories in practice.
Now let's go to the Confucius Temple. Confucius Temple is a temple built by later generations to worship Confucius. It was built the year after Confucius died. Covering an area of 327.5 mu, it imitates the imperial palace system and is divided into nine courtyards, which are symmetrically arranged left and right, and the length from north to south is about 1 km. Outside the east wall of the gate of Confucius Temple, there is an inscription "Officials are waiting to dismount here". In the past, when any official came here, the military attache had to dismount and the civilian had to get off the sedan chair to show respect for Confucius.
Confucius House, the Duke's House of Feast, is adjacent to Confucius Temple. It is the residence of Confucius' eldest son and grandson. It has three roads and nine yards. * * *, 463 buildings, plus the back garden, covers an area of 240 mu.
Kong Lin is a special cemetery for Confucius and his family, and it is also the longest and largest family cemetery in the world. It is located in Surabaya in the north of Qufu, covering an area of more than 3,000 mu.
Confucianism and Confucianism founded by Confucius ruled and influenced the feudal society in China for more than two thousand years. People from all over China should come to Qufu to look for history. Welcome to Qufu!