Analysis:
geographical position
Xiaoxing 'anling is located in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province, China, with a latitude of 46 28 ′ to 49 21′ north and a longitude of127 42 ′ to13014 ′ east. The northern part is bounded by the middle line of Heilongjiang, facing Russia across the river, with a border line of 249.5 kilometers, which is an important gateway to the northeast frontier of China. The forestry industrial division covers an area of 3.86 million hectares.
topography
Xiaoxing 'anling is a low mountain and hill, and its geographical feature is "eight mountains, half water, half grass and one field". There are many terraces and wide valleys in the north; Low mountains and hills in the middle, gentle mountains; To the south is a low mountain with high mountains and steep slopes. The highest peak is Pingdingshan, with an altitude of 1, 429 meters. Tieli city in the west is located in Songnen Plain, where the terrain fluctuates greatly.
Water vapor condensate
Xiaoxing 'anling belongs to the continental monsoon climate zone in the north temperate zone. Four distinct seasons, cold, dry and long winter; Summer is warm and short. The annual average temperature is-1℃ to 1℃, the coldest is 1℃, the coldest is -20℃ to -25℃, the hottest is July, the temperature is 20℃ to 2 1℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 35℃. The annual active accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ is 1, 800℃ to 2400℃, and the frost-free period is 90 days to 120 days. The average annual sunshine time ranges from 2355 hours to 2400 hours. The annual rainfall is 550 mm to 670 mm, and the rainfall is concentrated in summer. The dry-wet index is 1. 13 to 0.92, which belongs to humid area.
forest resources
This forest area is densely wooded. The forest area is 2.8 million hectares, the forest coverage rate is 72.6%, and the total storage volume is 240 million cubic meters. The forest type is coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by Korean pine. The main tree species are Korean pine, spruce, fir, larch and Mongolian pine. Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, pineapple, Juglans mandshurica, Populus davidiana, Tilia amurensis, Ulmus pumila, etc. Lianas and shrubs are all over the application area. 1998 The total timber output is 2145,000 cubic meters. Meanwhile,127; There are more than/kloc-0 million cubic meters of logging, timber making and processing residues every year. 127; It can provide sufficient raw material guarantee for the comprehensive utilization of wood.
Animal and plant resources
In the forests and gullies of Xiaoxing 'anling, there are more than 50 kinds of animals such as Siberian tiger, red deer, moose, black bear, wild boar, lynx, rabbit, squirrel and weasel, and more than 220 kinds of birds such as hazel chicken, Thunderbird, merganser duck, golden eagle, woodpecker, owl and cuckoo. There are more than 320 kinds of wild medicinal materials in the mountains, among which velvet antler, bear gall, musk, frog oil, ginseng, acanthopanax senticosus, Schisandra chinensis, three needles, codonopsis pilosula, astragalus membranaceus and rhododendron manshurica are very precious. Xiaoxing 'anling is also a high producing area of fruits and wild vegetables in Shan Ye. There are more than 30 kinds of Shan Ye fruits, such as pine nuts, hazelnuts, pecans, hawthorn, kiwis, persimmons, indigo naturalis and strawberries. More than 20 kinds of wild vegetable resources such as mushrooms, auricularia auricula, Hericium erinaceus, tender buds, day lilies, monkey legs and bracken have been collected and utilized, which has great potential for development and utilization. In Heilongjiang waters, there are more than 70 kinds of fish, including salmon (commonly known as salmon), sturgeon (commonly known as seven aconites), bighead carp, carp, crucian carp flower, abalone flower, bream flower (commonly known as "three flowers"), Hucho, Faroe fish, yarrow, Luo Hu and gong (commonly known as "five flowers"
mineral resources
According to preliminary exploration, there are more than 20 kinds of metal deposits such as gold, silver, iron, lead, zinc, aluminum and tin. 127; There are more than 100 proven metal deposits and occurrences, among which gold reserves rank first in Heilongjiang Province. & amp 127; Non-metallic mineral resources are more widely distributed. There are 25 kinds of limestone, marble, agate, crushed stone, purple mud, peat, perlite, crystal stone and lignite, with more than 140.
tourist resources
The majestic Xiaoxing 'anling stretches for thousands of miles; The beautiful Tangwang River is blue and colorful; The dense forest is lush and green. Winter is long and summer is short here, the daily temperature difference is large, and the climate change is very different. The distinct climatic characteristics of the four seasons in the forest region have created four-season landscapes with their own characteristics: snowflakes in spring, cool in summer, colorful mountains in autumn and a clean and white world in the middle of winter. Based on this, we can carry out four-season health tourism, such as spring outing, summer drifting, mountain viewing in autumn and snow viewing in winter. Here, not only do the four seasons bring you different scenes, but every day and every hour is full of weather, which makes people feel ups and downs: watching the sea of clouds in Gongbei in the morning, watching Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon in the evening, Wan Li in the clear sky and mountains in the rain. It was fine after the rain, and the whole mountain was submerged in a sea of rolling fog. The exposed top of the mountain is like a huge whale's back, like a fairy island in the sea and like a snowy mountain, showing the irresistible force of nature.
national culture
Daxing 'anling and Xiaoxing 'anling in the northeast of the motherland are rich and beautiful places. The Oroqen people who make a living by hunting are brave and good at fighting, and they have thrived from generation to generation. Vast virgin forests, quiet and beautiful grasslands, quiet rivers and canyons are feeding hardworking and brave Oroqen children. In the past, relying on a horse, a gun and a hound, they chased Zhang Zhang and wild deer all the year round, hunted in the vast forest and lived a wandering life. Xing 'an Mountain is not only their natural hunting ground, but also their hometown. After the founding of New China, the Oroqen people walked out of the forest and started a new life from hunting to settlement.
There are more than 6,900 Oroqen people. They have their own language, but no writing. They studied and used Manchu, and now they mainly use Chinese.
"Oroqen" is a national claim, and there are two explanations, one is "people who use reindeer" and the other is "people on the mountain". The Oroqen people are also called Mannak, bilal, Manhui and Chiler. He mainly lives in Oroqen Autonomous Banner of Hulunbeier League in Inner Mongolia and Huma, Xunke, Heihe and Jiayin in Heilongjiang Province. The documents of Qing Dynasty once called the Oroqen nationality "Soren Department", sometimes called "Sacrifice Department". /kloc-in the 0 th and 7 th centuries, the Oroqen nationality was incorporated into the Eight Banners of Manchuria. Heilongjiang river basin is the historical cradle of Oroqen nationality. /kloc-From the middle of the 0/7th century to the middle of the 0/9th century, the Russian invasion forced the Oroqen people to move southward to Daxing 'anling and Xiaoxing 'anling. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Japanese imperialism carried out the bloody rule of genocide, forcing Oroqen people to smoke opium and drink hard liquor for bacterial experiments, resulting in the death of a large number of Oroqen people. By the time the Anti-Japanese War was won, there were only 1000 people left.
Culture and art
The Oroqen people are good at singing and dancing. They can sing and dance regardless of gender, age and age. Whenever you come back from hunting or have a festival, you should dance and party. Oroqen folk songs are all created and sung by themselves, with bright rhythm and melodious tunes. Most of the content is praising nature and love, describing hunting life and resistance struggle. The Oroqen people are good at expressing their yearning for life with dance. Popular folk dances imitate animals and birds, show labor scenes, and are ceremonial. The musical instrument of the Oroqen nationality is. Slavery of Friends (harmonica) and Vernacular (tambourine). Oroqen folk literature is very rich, including myths, stories, proverbs and riddles. Myth stories are mostly legends about human origins and ancestors, reflecting hunting life, such as the widely circulated "Lunji Mountain and Ayijilun", "Xing 'an Mountain and Ganhe Legend" and so on.
Folk customs (dress, etiquette, life customs, taboos, etc. )
The Oroqen people used to be hunting people. Their clothes, food, shelter, walking, singing and dancing all showed the characteristics of hunting people, wearing clothes made of animal skins. Oroqen women have special skills in processing animal skins. After processing, they made bark and strong and flexible umbrellas, made of more than 30 trunks, covered with birch bark in summer and covered with bark and reed curtains in winter. It can be built quickly or dismantled at any time. There are people living on three sides in each cactus. On one side, there is a door. There is a fire inside, and a small iron pot with ears is hung on it for cook the meat. There is a small hole in the roof for smoking.
Religious belief
The Oroqen people believe in polytheism. They worship all kinds of natural objects and believe in animism, but mainly worship their ancestors. Sacrifices to the sun god and the moon god are also held on the first and fifteenth days of the first month of each year.
National festivals
The Olunchun people's most solemn festival is the Spring Festival. Like the Han nationality, they think that celebrating the Spring Festival is to say goodbye to the old and welcome the new. To this end, they prepared new year's goods in advance and made new clothes. On new year's eve, you should burn incense and kowtow to the gods you worship, and then kowtow to the elders at home; On the first morning, I paid a New Year call to the elders among my relatives. Recreational activities, such as wrestling, horse racing and archery competitions, are held from day one to day four.
economic activity
On the eve of the founding of New China, the Oroqen society was in the stage of family commune at the end of primitive society, and its production activities were mainly hunting, supplemented by fishing, gathering and handicrafts. The Oroqen family commune is called "Wulileng" (meaning "descendants") and is the basic economic unit of the Oroqen society. Its internal means of production are public, and its prey is distributed by households.
After the founding of New China, the Oroqen people gradually settled down, and spacious and bright brick houses replaced the previous ones. The production of "The Immortal Column" has changed from single hunting in the past to diversified farming and forestry. In the 1990s, a number of township enterprises and tertiary industries were gradually established, and the annual per capita net income of farmers reached more than 654.38+10,000 yuan. Education has developed rapidly and made great achievements. The number of people with various education levels per 10,000 people has more than doubled the national average, completely changing the backward situation that the Oroqen people were basically illiterate in the old society.
Significant contribution
For a long time, the Oroqen people, together with the people of all ethnic groups, have waged an indomitable anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle, especially in the struggle to safeguard the reunification of the motherland and resist foreign aggression. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/7th century, Russia invaded the Heilongjiang River Basin in China, and the Oroqen people fought bravely with the people of all ethnic groups in Northeast China, "killing many Locha (Russian invaders)". /kloc-in the autumn of 0/900, in the battle of Aihui, Oroqen cavalry cooperated with the Boxer Rebels and launched a bloody battle with the Russian aggressors. They risked their lives and gave the invaders a heavy blow. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Oroqen's children actively participated in the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition and fought bravely. Despite the cruel persecution of the Japanese aggressor troops, the local Oroqen people led the way to deliver letters, transport food and spy on the enemy's situation for the anti-Japanese Coalition forces, and cooperated with the anti-Japanese Coalition forces to attack the strongholds, defending the dignity of the motherland with their blood.
Mulinshanguo
There are 253 species of medicinal plants in Xiaoxing 'anling, among which 139 species are commonly used, mainly including Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Platycodi, Fructus Schisandrae, Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi, Asari, Fritillaria, Radix Gentianae, Radix Astragali, Ginseng, Radix Codonopsis, etc. There are 19 kinds of fruit plants, mainly hazelnut, pine nut, hawthorn, acorn, Queena Ding, Rosa spinosa, soft jujube and so on. There are 82 kinds of wild vegetables, including elm, Kochia scoparia, amaranth, dandelion, burdock, Sagittarius sagittarius, pig excrement beans, bracken, Osmunda japonica, spiny pumpkin, shepherd's shepherd's shepherd's shepherd's shepherd's shepherd's shepherd. There are 67 species of nectar plants, the flowering period is from the beginning of April to the end of September, and the most species bloom in May-August, which produces a large amount of honey. There are also five kinds of aromatic plants, mainly Rosa roxburghii, Lily of the Valley, Rapunzel, Rhododendron manshurica, Thyme, Pogostemon cablin, Rosa davurica, Patrinia, Angelica pubescens and so on. The aromatic oil contained in it is mainly used in medicine, spices and food, which has high economic value. The varieties of wild vegetables and edible fungi mainly include bracken, Osmunda japonica, zucchini, dried Hericium erinaceus, Tricholoma matsutake, hazelnut, oil mushroom and green mushroom.