Zhong You studied calligraphy under Cao and Cai Yong. He is good at official script, regular script and running script. Have a thorough study of the composition and structure of calligraphy. The artistic characteristics of his calligraphy are: cleverness, fineness, density and depth, naturalness and no carving. Its regular script brushwork and structure have a strong sense of official script, and its style is simple, which has been regarded as a model by successive dynasties. Xuanhe Pu Shu in the Northern Song Dynasty called him the father of orthodox books. Zhong You and Zhang Zhi in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty are collectively called the four saints in the book; Also known as Zhong Wang with Wang Xizhi.
Zhong You's original calligraphy has not been handed down, but there was a "recommended season table" in ancient times, which was destroyed in the Republic of China and only a photocopy was handed down from generation to generation. There are registration forms, celebration tables, army life tables, and tomb stickers. According to legend, Wei's Monument to Glory and Monument to Zen were also written by Zhong You. The Epiphany Table is the representative work of Zhong You's calligraphy. The popular block printing was handed down by Wang Xizhi. This post is slightly flat in shape, rigorous in statutes, and has a calligraphy style after the Jin Dynasty, which may be caused by the temporary writing of Jin people. The declaration form is included in Chunhua Pavilion Post and Daguan Post. He Jie Biao, also known as Rong Biao and He Biao, is the most distinctive work in Zhong You's calligraphy. Written in the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), this book retains many strokes of official script, which is the style of official script in the process of gradual change. He Jiebiao has a copy of Yu Gang Zhai. "Life Table", 8 lines in regular script, this post was copied by Wang Xizhi in "Fast School Post". Zhang zhi (? ~ about 192)
China calligrapher of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The word boying. Dunhuang Jiuquan (now Jiuquan, Gansu) people. Born into an official family, his father, Zhang Huan, used to be too often clear. Zhang Zhi is good at cursive Cao Zhang. He changed the ancient cursive calligraphy of distinguishing characters and dividing strokes into a new writing style, which was original and influential at that time and was known as the sage of grass. Now there is no ink handed down from generation to generation, and only his August post is included in the Chunhua Pavilion post in the Northern Song Dynasty.
There are few historical materials about Zhang Zhi. The biography of Zhang Huan in the Later Han Dynasty only records the most famous eldest son, and my younger brother is often good at cursive writing. Wei Heng (A.D.? -291year) wrote "four-style calligraphy", saying: "There was a cursive script in the Han Dynasty, and I don't know the author's name. When it came to Zhang Di and Qi, it was called a good work. Later, Cui Shi, Cui Yuanhe, also known as Dugong, became extremely clever because of advocating agriculture and Zhang Boying ... Zhong Wei would call them Cao Sheng. Jiang (179-252) was Wei Guanglu's doctor and a famous calligrapher at that time. He thought, "Du Shijie is strong, but his calligraphy and painting are thin. Cui Shi's law. The book is thick and the words are clever, but sometimes it is not satisfactory. Zhang Zhixi likes studying. Can be described as a saint. It can be seen that although Zhang Zhi took Du and Cui as his teachers, he came from behind and was "ahead of others and unique". Zhang Huaiguan, a famous calligrapher and critic in the early Tang Dynasty, elaborated Zhang Zhi with hundreds of words in his masterpiece Duanshu, which is an outstanding monograph in the history of calligraphy in China. Most calligraphers in past dynasties quoted and agreed with the expositions of Wei Heng, Sun Zi and Sun Zi. Since then, Zhang Zhi's position as a grass saint has stood impressively above the calligraphy circle in China and will shine forever. Wang Xizhi (32 1-379, or 303-36 1) was born in Linyi (now Shandong) and moved to Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), a general of the right army. He was a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
He believes that raising geese can not only cultivate sentiment, but also understand the truth of calligraphy from some gestures of geese. One morning, Wang Xizhi and his son Wang Xianzhi took a boat tour of Shaoxing. When they arrived near Xianshui Village, they saw a flock of white geese on the shore, staggering and dawdling. Wang Xizhi was fascinated by these white geese and wanted to buy them home. Wang Xizhi asked the Taoist priest nearby, hoping that the Taoist priest could sell him the goose. The Taoist priest said, "If you want it, please write me a Taoist health book, Huang Tingjing!" Wang Xizhi longed for geese and readily agreed to the conditions put forward by the Taoist priest. This is the story of "Wang Xizhi gave the White Goose Book".
At the age of twenty, A Qiu Chi Jian sent someone to Wang Dao's house to choose a son-in-law. At that time, people paid attention to family status, and the door was right. When Wang Dao's son and nephew heard that Qiu's family was coming to propose marriage, they all dressed up in disguise, hoping to be selected. Only Wang Xizhi, as if he didn't hear anything, was lying on the bamboo couch in the east, eating baked wheat cakes in one hand and painting clothes in the other. When people came back, they reported what they had seen to Captain Xi. When he knew that there was a quiet Wang Xizhi leaning on the east couch, he couldn't help clapping his hands and cheering. This is the son-in-law I want! So Chi Jian married his daughter Xi Jun to Wang Xizhi. This story has become two allusions of "East Bed" and "Lingtan".
There are more idioms on him than that. It is said that on one occasion, he wrote his words on a board and gave them to a sculptor for carving. The man cut the board with a knife, only to find that his handwriting was printed two-thirds deep in the board. This is the origin of the idiom "cut to the chase".
Wang Xizhi's best calligraphy in his life is Preface to Lanting Collection. That was his work in middle age.
There is a custom in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Every year on March 3rd of the lunar calendar, people go to the river to play, so as to eliminate the ominous. This is called [repair]. On March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe, Wang Xizhi and some scholars, 4 1 * * *, went to the Lanting River to build a temple. Everyone is writing poems while drinking.
After the poem was written, everyone collected the poems and synthesized a preface to Lanting Collection, which was publicly recommended by Wang Xizhi. At this time, Wang Xizhi was drunk. He took advantage of the wine, picked up a moustache pen and waved it on the cocoon paper. This preface is the preface to the Lanting Collection, which became famous throughout the ages. This post is a draft with 28 lines and 324 words. Described the scene of the collection of literati at that time. Because the author was in high spirits and was very proud of his writing. It is said that I couldn't write anymore. Among them, there are more than twenty "zhi" characters, which are written in different ways. Mi Fei in Song Dynasty called it "the best running script in the world". According to legend, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, collected the Preface to Lanting before his death and was buried in Zhaoling after his death. What's left is just a copy of others. What people see today is a Preface to Lanting. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy works are very rich. Besides Preface to Lanting Collection, there are other famous calligraphy works, such as Guan Nu Tie, Seventeen Tie, Two Xie Tie, Orange Tie, menstruation Tie, Quick Snow Clear Tie, Le Yi Lun, Huang Tingjing and so on. The main characteristics of his calligraphy are peaceful and natural, the brushwork is euphemistic and subtle, graceful and restrained, and later generations commented that "if you float in the clouds, you may be surprised by moss." Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is beautiful. Wang Xianzhi (344-386), a calligrapher, poet and minister in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was the son-in-law of Sima Yu in Jian Wendi. Son, posthumous title official slave, Han nationality, ancestral home in Linyi, Shandong, Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), the seventh son of Wang Xizhi. In order to distinguish it from Wang Min, the official secretariat order is called Wang Daling. He and his father are also called "two kings".
Wang Xianzhi was smart and studious since childhood, good at cursive and official scripts, and also good at painting. He practiced calligraphy with his father since he was a child, and he was ambitious. Later, he regarded Zhang Zhi as a whole. He is famous for his running script and cursive script, but he also has a deep foundation in regular script and official script, because Tang Taizong didn't appreciate his works very much, and his works were not as many as his father's.
His cursive script is even more valuable. Yu Zhuo once said: cursive script is the descendant of Zhang Zhi in Han Dynasty, and it is just a wonderful person and a slave. Mo Bao's cursive scripts handed down from generation to generation include Duck Head Pill Post and Mid-Autumn Post. Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty listed it as a national treasure. He also wrote a book, which turned his father's unconnected grass from top to bottom into connected grass, often with coherent numbers, and was valued by the world because of his heroic and magnificent calligraphy.